Relationship of quality and duration of sleep with arterial hypertension in a Colombian population / Relación de la calidad y la duración del sueño en población colombiana con hipertensión arterial

Introduction. Alterations in the quality and duration of sleep are risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension in Eastern countries. However, in Latin America there are few studies researching this association. Objective. To analyze the association between the quality and duration of sleep and the rate of arterial hypertension in a Colombian population. Materials and methods. An observational, longitudinal, prospective and analytical study nested in the INEFAC population-based cohort, was conducted with participants over 18 years of age from Bucaramanga (Colombia). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep duration was assessed using standardized questions. Multivariate analysis was performed with logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounding variables. Results. A total of 1,306 non-hypertensive participants with a mean age of 40 ± 12 years were included. In this population, 92.8% had one or more sleep issues. 45.15% slept 6 hours or less and 28.6% slept 8 hours or more. Multivariate analysis showed a higher risk of hypertension in participants with diabetes (OR = 5.27; 95% CI: 2.27-12.26), obesity (OR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.11-7.13), active smoking (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.04) and higher socioeconomic level (OR = 4.94; 95% CI: 1.59-15.38 for level 4), but no higher risk was found in participants with poor sleep quality or short sleep duration. Conclusions. No association was found between the duration or quality of sleep and the rate of arterial hypertension in the Colombian population. More studies are required in this population to reach definitive conclusions.

Introducción: Las alteraciones en la calidad y la duración del sueño son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial sistémica en los países orientales. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios de los países de Latinoamérica para investigar esta asociación. OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre la calidad y la duración del sueño, y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en población colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico, anidado en la cohorte de base poblacional INEFAC, desarrollado con participantes mayores de 18 años de Bucaramanga (Colombia). El sueño se evaluó mediante el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y, su duración, mediante preguntas estandarizadas. Se realizó un análisis multivariado con modelos de regresión logística ajustados por las posibles variables de confusión. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1.306 participantes no hipertensos con edad media de 40 ± 12 años. El 92,8 % de la población presentaba algún problema del sueño, el 45,15 % dormía 6 horas o menos y el 28,6 % dormía 8 horas o más. El análisis multivariado mostró un mayor riesgo de hipertensión en los participantes con diabetes (OR = 5,27) (IC95 %: 2,27-12,26), obesidad (OR = 2,81) (IC95 %: 1,11-7,13), tabaquismo activo (OR = 2,02) (IC95 %: 1,01-4,04) y mayor estrato socioeconómico (OR = 4,94) (IC95 %: 1,59-15,38 para estrato 4), pero no se encontró un mayor riesgo en los participantes con mala calidad o poca duración del sueño. CONCLUSIONES: No se demostró asociación alguna entre la duración o la calidad del sueño y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en población colombiana. Se requieren más estudios en esta población para llegar a conclusiones definitivas.

Relación de la calidad y la duración del sueño en población colombiana con hipertensión arterial / Relationship of quality and duration of sleep with arterial hypertension in a Colombian population

Resumen Introducción. Las alteraciones en la calidad y la duración del sueño son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial sistémica en los países orientales. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios de los países de Latinoamérica para investigar esta asociación. Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre la calidad y la duración del sueño, y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en población colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico, anidado en la cohorte de base poblacional INEFAC, desarrollado con participantes mayores de 18 años de Bucaramanga (Colombia). El sueño se evaluó mediante el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y, su duración, mediante preguntas estandarizadas. Se realizó un análisis multivariado con modelos de regresión logística ajustados por las posibles variables de confusión. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1.306 participantes no hipertensos con edad media de 40 ± 12 años. El 92,8 % de la población presentaba algún problema del sueño, el 45,15 % dormía 6 horas o menos y el 28,6 % dormía 8 horas o más. El análisis multivariado mostró un mayor riesgo de hipertensión en los participantes con diabetes (OR = 5,27) (IC95%: 2,27-12,26), obesidad (OR = 2,81) (IC95%: 1,11-7,13), tabaquismo activo (OR = 2,02) (IC95%: 1,01-4,04) y mayor estrato socioeconómico (OR = 4,94) (IC95%: 1,59-15,38 para estrato 4), pero no se encontró un mayor riesgo en los participantes con mala calidad o poca duración del sueño. Conclusiones. No se demostró asociación alguna entre la duración o la calidad del sueño y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en población colombiana. Se requieren más estudios en esta población para llegar a conclusiones definitivas.

Abstract Introduction. Alterations in the quality and duration of sleep are risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension in Eastern countries. However, in Latin America there are few studies researching this association. Objective. To analyze the association between the quality and duration of sleep and the rate of arterial hypertension in a Colombian population. Materials and methods. An observational, longitudinal, prospective and analytical study nested in the INEFAC population-based cohort, was conducted with participants over 18 years of age from Bucaramanga (Colombia). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep duration was assessed using standardized questions. Multivariate analysis was performed with logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounding variables. Results. A total of 1,306 non-hypertensive participants with a mean age of 40 ± 12 years were included. In this population, 92.8% had one or more sleep issues. 45.15% slept 6 hours or less and 28.6% slept 8 hours or more. Multivariate analysis showed a higher risk of hypertension in participants with diabetes (OR = 5.27; 95% CI: 2.27-12.26), obesity (OR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.11-7.13), active smoking (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.04) and higher socioeconomic level (OR = 4.94; 95% CI: 1.59-15.38 for level 4), but no higher risk was found in participants with poor sleep quality or short sleep duration. Conclusions. No association was found between the duration or quality of sleep and the rate of arterial hypertension in the Colombian population. More studies are required in this population to reach definitive conclusions.

Propuesta de Consulta Interdisciplinaria de Medicina del Sueño en Camagüey

Introducción: El sueño garantiza el bienestar físico y mental del individuo mediante retroalimentación directa. Los trastornos del sueño implican alteraciones respecto a calidad y cantidad de horas de sueño y obedecen a una alteración real de su función fisiológica que controla y opera durante el mismo. La Medicina del Sueño es una especialidad nueva, surgida en los últimos 50 años, cuyo campo de acción aborda la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los trastornos del sueño; los cuales hasta el momento se han identificado alrededor del centenar. Esta enfermedad se ha convertido en problema social crucial y creciente, difícil de abordar en la práctica médica contemporánea; debido a la complejidad en la toma de decisiones respecto a su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Esta temática requiere ser evaluada desde un enfoque interdisciplinario para reducir la morbimortalidad asociada a manifestaciones neurológicas, psicológicas, psiquiátricas, cardiovasculares y endocrinometabólicas. Objetivo: Establecer la propuesta de Consulta Interdisciplinaria de Medicina del Sueño en la provincia Camagüey. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación cualitativa de tipo descriptivo para la selección de aspectos pertinentes a una consulta especializada proveedora de pacientes pediátricos con trastornos del sueño, en el período comprendido entre julio y diciembre de 2022, en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. El universo del grupo de trabajo estuvo integrado por ocho profesionales de las Ciencias Médicas. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como la revisión documental, histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis, inducción-deducción, métodos matemáticos-estadísticos y métodos computacionales. Resultados: Se conformó un algoritmo de trabajo para la atención médica, que desarrolló el ordenamiento de los elementos sustantivos propios de la analítica polisomnográfica en el contexto cubano. Logró unificar criterios y opiniones generales de manera consensuada por equipos interdisciplinarios. Conclusiones: Resulta definido el documento científico rector de la Consulta Interdisciplinaria de Medicina del Sueño en Camagüey.

Introduction: Sleep guarantees the physical and mental well-being of the individual through direct feedback. Sleep disorders involve alterations in the quality and quantity of hours of sleep and are due to a real alteration in the physiological function that controls and operates during sleep. Sleep Medicine is a new specialty, emerged in the last 50 years, whose field of action addresses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders; of which around a hundred have been identified so far. This kind of disorders has become a crucial and growing social problem, difficult to address in contemporary medical practice; due to the complexity in decision-making regarding diagnosis and treatment. This topic requires being evaluated from an interdisciplinary approach to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with neurological, psychological, psychiatric, cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic manifestations. Objective: To establish the proposal of Interdisciplinary Consultation of Sleep Medicine in the province Camagüey. Methods: A qualitative descriptive research was carried out to select aspects relevant to a specialized consultation providing pediatric patients with sleep disorders, in the period between July and December 2022, at the Center for Immunology and Biological Products of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. The universe of the working group was made up of eight professionals from the Medical Sciences. Theoretical methods such as documentary review, historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, induction-deduction, mathematical-statistical methods and computational methods were used. Results: A work algorithm for medical care was formed, which developed the ordering of the substantive elements of polysomnographic analysis in the Cuban context. It manages to unify general criteria and opinions in a consensus by interdisciplinary teams. Conclusions: The governing scientific document of the Interdisciplinary Consultation of Sleep Medicine in Camagüey is defined.

Desenvolvimento de aplicativo para higiene do sono em adultos / Development of an application for sleep hygiene in adults / Desarrollo de una aplicación para la higiene del sueño en adultos

Introdução: Diferentes condições clínicas podem afetar a quantidade e a qualidade do sono. As medidas de higiene do sono interferem diretamente na qualidade deste. Elas podem ser propagadas à população por meio de aplicativos. Objetivo: Desenvolver, avaliar e disponibilizar um aplicativo que contemple as medidas de higiene do sono e que seja capaz de gerar mudança e verificar a ocorrência de sonolência diurna excessiva. Metodologia: O aplicativo "Somnum" foi desenvolvido e 26 fonoaudiólogos certificados em Sono pela Associação Brasileira do Sono foram convidados a avaliar usando o questionário Emory e outro questionário elaborado pelas autoras. Após, 38 estudantes usaram o aplicativo e responderam antes e depois do uso o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e a Escala de Epworth. Resultados: Após seu desenvolvimento, o aplicativo foi avaliado por 4 fonoaudiólogas que contribuíram com suas sugestões e 38 universitários participaram respondendo os questionários, sendo que 6 deles participaram antes e após o uso do aplicativo. Sobre o Índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh, foi observado na análise estatística, comparando o antes e após o uso do aplicativo, melhora da qualidade de sono (p=0,04). No que se refere ao questionário Epworth, foi verificado na situação após o uso do aplicativo "Somnum", que não houve diferença significativa. Conclusão: Após o uso do aplicativo, verificou-se possível melhora na qualidade de sono. Houve ocorrência de sonolência diurna excessiva. (AU)

Introduction: Different clinical conditions can affect the quantity and quality of sleep. Sleep hygiene measures directly affect the quality of sleep. They can be disseminated to the population by means of applications. Objective: To develop, evaluate and make available an application that approach sleep hygiene and that is able to generate changes and verify the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Methodology: The application "Somnum" was developed and 26 speech therapists certified in sleep by the Brazilian Sleep Association were invited to evaluate it using the Emory questionnaire and another questionnaire developed by the authors. Afterwards, 38 students used the application and answered before and after the use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Scale. Results: After its development, the app was evaluated by 4 speech therapists who contributed with their suggestions, and 38 university students participated by answering the questionnaires, 6 of them before and after the use of the application. In the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, it was observed in the statistical analysis, comparing before and after using the application, improvement in sleep quality (p=0.04). In the Epworth questionnaire, it was verified in the situation after using the "Somnum" application, that there was not significant difference. Conclusion: After using the application, there was a possible improvement in sleep quality. There was occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness. (AU)

Introducción: Diferentes condiciones clínicas pueden afectar a la cantidad y calidad del sueño. Las medidas de higiene del sueño afectan directamente a la calidad del mismo. Pueden propagarse a la población mediante aplicaciones. Objetivo: Desarrollar, evaluar y poner a disposición una aplicación que incluya medidas de higiene del sueño y que sea capaz de generar cambios y verificar la aparición de somnolencia diurna excesiva. Metodología: Se desarrolló la aplicación "Somnum" y se invitó a 26 fonoaudiólogos certificados en soeño por la Asociación Brasileña del Sonido a evaluarla utilizando el cuestionario Emory y otro cuestionario elaborado por los autores. Posteriormente, 38 estudiantes utilizaron la aplicación y respondieron antes y después del uso de la misma al Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y a la Escala de Epworth. Resultados: Tras su desarrollo, la aplicación fue evaluada por 4 fonoaudiólogos que aportaron sus sugerencias y 38 estudiantes universitarios participaron respondiendo a los cuestionarios, 6 de ellos antes y después del uso de la aplicación. Sobre el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, se observó en el análisis estadístico, comparando antes y después del uso de la aplicación, mejoría en la calidad del sueño (p=0,04). Con respecto al cuestionario de Epworth, se verificó en la situación posterior al uso de la aplicación "Somnum", que no hubo diferencia significativa. Conclusión:Después de usar la aplicación, hubo uma posible mejora em la calidad del sueño. Hubo ocurrencia de somnolencia diurna excesiva. (AU)

YouTube™ como uma fonte de informações sobre odontologia do sono / YouTube™ as a source of information about dental sleep medicine

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade e a confiabilidade do conteúdo de vídeos sobre Odontologia do Sono no YouTube™. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca no YouTube™, utilizando o termo "Odontologia do Sono", na qual selecionou-se os 100 primeiros vídeos para análise realizada por dois pesquisadores. Foram incluídos vídeos sobre o tema, na língua portuguesa brasileira, com no máximo 24 minutos. Foram extraídos: título, data, duração, visualização, curtida, fonte, público-alvo, objetivo e assunto. A qualidade foi avaliada através da Escala de Qualidade Global (EQG), e a confiabilidade, através da adaptação de um índice previamente publicado, ambos pontuando até 5 pontos, onde mais pontos significavam maior qualidade e confiabilidade. Foram realizados os testes de Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis e a correlação de Spearman (p < 0,05). Resultados: 58 vídeos foram incluídos, cuja mediana da duração foi 2,4 ± 7,6 minutos. A maioria dos vídeos era produzida por cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) (75,9%; n = 44), sobre apneia (96,6%; n = 56), com o objetivo educacional/informativo (65,5%; n = 38) e direcionado para leigos (58,6%; n = 34). A maioria apresentou mediana baixa de 2,0 ± 1,0 na EQG (41,4%; n = 24), e na escala de confiabilidade, a mediana de 3,0 ± 1,0 (60,3%; n = 35). Houve correlação moderada da EQG (p = 0,62; p < 0,01) e da confiabilidade (ρ = 0,41; p < 0,01) com a duração do vídeo, e também entre EQG e confiabilidade (ρ = 0,66; p < 0,01). Vídeos educacionais/informativos, produzidos por CD, e direcionados a leigos, apresentaram uma maior EQG e confiabilidade (p < 0,01). Vídeos que incluíam bruxismo tinham maior EQG (p = 0,01). Programas de televisão e vídeos que não eram comerciais apresentaram maior confiabilidade (p < 0,05). Conclusão:A maioria dos vídeos possuía qualidade baixa e confiabilidade moderada. Vídeos educacionais/informativos, feitos por CD, direcionados a leigos, que incluíam bruxismo, programas de televisão e que não eram comerciais, apresentaram maior qualidade e confiabilidade.

Aim: To assess the quality and reliability of video content on Dental Sleep Medicine on YouTube™. Methods: A search was performed on YouTube™ using the term "Dental Sleep Medicine". The first 100 videos were selected for analysis by two researchers. Videos on the subject were included, in Brazilian Portuguese with a maximum of 24 minutes. The following data were extracted: title, date, duration, views, likes, source, target audience, objective and subject. Quality was assessed using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and reliability using a previously published index adapted, both ranging from 1 to 5 points, where more points meant greater quality and reliability. Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) were performed. Results: 58 videos were included, with a median duration of 2.4 ± 7.6 minutes. Most of the videos were produced by dentists (75.9%; n = 44), about apnea (96.6%; n = 56), with an educational/informational objective (65.5%; n =38), and aimed at laypeople (58.6%; n = 34). Most had a low median of 2.0 ± 1.0 on the GQS (41.4%; n = 24), and on the reliability scale, the median was 3.0 ± 1.0 (60.3%; n = 35). There was a moderate correlation between both GQS (ρ = 0.62; p < 0.01) and reliability (ρ = 0.41; p < 0.01) with video duration, and also between GQS and reliability (ρ = 0 .66; p < 0.01). Educational/informational videos, produced by dentists, and aimed at laypeople showed higher GQS and reliability (p < 0.01). Videos that included bruxism had higher GQS (p = 0.01). Television programs and non-commercial videos were more reliable (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most videos had low quality and moderate reliability. Educational/informational videos, made by dentists, aimed at laypeople, that included bruxism, television programs, and that were not commercials, presented higher quality and reliability.

Development, validation, and application of a Brazilian sleep myths and truths assessment scale (SLEEP-MTAS).

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop, validate, and apply a scale assessing knowledge of sleep-related myths and truths and associate it with sociodemographic factors. METHODS: A scale with 15 questions was created, containing statements about the characteristics of sleep and related to sleep and dentistry. Each answer ranged from 0 to 4 points, generating a total score from 0 to 60, where higher scores represented greater knowledge. A preliminary study with 200 people assessed its convergent and discriminant construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal stability. The main study included 1965 respondents over 18 years. Additionally, sociodemographic data were collected and a classification of the level of knowledge was performed. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The questionnaire showed convergent (p < 0.001) and discriminant (p = 0.024) construct validity, internal consistency (alpha = 0.7), and temporal stability (ICC = 0.87). In the main study, 90.3% of the participants had moderate and high knowledge, with the score ranging from 24 to 58. Adults over 28 years old (p < 0.001), from the southern region of Brazil (p < 0.001), who lived in capital or metropolitan areas (p < 0.001), with higher education (p < 0.001), without religion (p < 0.001), and involved in dentistry (p < 0.001) had greater knowledge than their peers. CONCLUSIONS: The scale presented good psychometric properties. Most participants had moderate and high knowledge on sleep, with a difference in knowledge related to the age, region and area of residence, education, involvement with dentistry, and religion.

Somnolencia diurna excesiva identificada con la escala de Epworth en gestantes que acuden a consulta prenatal ambulatoria / Excessive daytime sleepiness identified with the Epworth scale in pregnant women attending an outpatient prenatal consultation

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante el embarazo se reportan a menudo trastornos del sueño, pero son poco explorados en el control prenatal. El objetivo fue estimar la frecuencia e identificar los factores asociados a somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) en gestantes de bajo riesgo obstétrico que acudieron a consulta prenatal. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal dentro del proyecto «Salud biopsicosocial en gestantes», aprobado por el comité de ética de la Clínica Santa Cruz de Bocagrande, Cartagena, Colombia. Se estudiaron mujeres con 12 o más semanas de gestación. Se aplicó un formulario que incluía las escalas de somnolencia diurna de Epworth (ESE), de estrés percibido de 10 ítems (EPP-10) y revisada de depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD-R10). Se realizó regresión logística ajustada y no ajustada de SDE con las otras escalas y variables cualitativas. Se buscó correlación entre variables cuantitativas y la escala de Epworth. Se consideró significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 683 mujeres de 28,3 ± 6,3 años y 31,5 ± 6,9 semanas de gestación. Puntuación en la escala de Epworth: 3,82 ± 3,45. En el 4,9% se identificó SDE: 50% leve, 32,2% moderada y 17,6% importante. No se observó en el primer trimestre de gestación y la frecuencia fue similar en los otros; la SDE importante solo se observó en el tercer trimestre. Depresión: odds ratio [OR]: 3,69, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]:1,83-7,43. Anemia: OR 3,10, IC95%:1,50-6,38. Fatiga: OR 3,22, IC95%:1,23-8,44. Nerviosismo: OR 2,49, IC95%:1,22-5,12. Estrés: OR: 2,38, IC95%:1,12-5,05. Gran paridad: OR: 2,64, IC95%: 1,01-6,89. Trabajar fuera de casa: OR: 2,33, IC95%: 1,05-5,15. Todas estas variables se asociaron con SDE. En el modelo ajustado, la anemia (OR: 3,05, IC95%: 1,44-6,45) y la depresión (OR: 2,72, IC95%: 1,26-5,85) conservaron la asociación. Se observó correlación positiva, despreciable y estadísticamente significativa, de la ESE con la CESD-R10 y con la EPP-10; y ausencia de correlación con la edad materna, la edad gestacional, el número de abortos y el número de cesáreas. CONCLUSIONES: En una de cada 20 gestantes de bajo riesgo obstétrico se identificó SDE, y varias situaciones biopsicosociales se asociaron con mayor presencia.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disturbances are constantly reported during pregnancy, although they are not often taken care of in prenatal care. The aim was to estimate the regularity and identify factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in pregnant women at low obstetric risk who attended prenatal consultation. METHOD: Cross-sectional study belonging to the project “Biopsychosocial health in pregnant women”, approved by the ethics committee of the Santa Cruz de Bocagrande Clinic, Cartagena, Colombia. Pregnant women with 12 or more weeks of gestation were studied. A form including: Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, 10-item Perceived Stress and the Revised Depression Scale of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies was applied. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression was performed between EDS with the other scales and qualitative variables. In addition, correlation between quantitative variables and the Epworth scale. P<0.05 was significant. RESULTS: 683 pregnant women were studied, maternal age 28.3 ± 6.3 years and gestational age 31.5±6.9 weeks. Epworth Scale score: 3.82 ± 3.45. EDS was identified in 4.9%, 50% mild, 32.2% moderate and 17.6% severe. It was not observed in the first gestational trimester and the frequency was similar in the others, severe EDS only in the third trimester. Depression OR: 3.69 [95% CI: 1.83-7.43], anemia OR: 3.10 [95% CI: 1.50-6.38], fatigue OR: 3.22 [95% CI: 1.23-8.44], nervousness OR: 2.49 [95% CI: 1.22-5.12, stress OR: 2.38 [95% CI: 1.12-5.05], high parity OR: 2.64 [95% CI: 1.01-6.89] and working outside the home OR: 2.33 [95% CI: 1.05-5.15, were associated with EDS. In the adjusted model, anemia OR: 3.05 [95% CI: 1.44-6.45] and depression OR: 2.72 [95% CI: 1.26-5.85] retained the association. CONCLUSIONS: In one out of every twenty low obstetric risk pregnant women EDS was identified and several biopsychosocial situations were associated with more presence.

Monitoreo del impacto en la formación de especialistas en Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias en Matanzas / Monitoring the impact in the formation of specialist in intensive medicine and emergencies, Matanzas

Introducción: la evaluación y acreditación de la calidad en la formación de las especialidades médicas en Cuba, conceptualiza el monitoreo del impacto como el proceso dirigido a evaluar la correspondencia entre los objetivos del programa y los resultados alcanzados por sus participantes en el entorno social donde se desarrollan profesionalmente. Objetivo: aplicar la metodología diseñada para el monitoreo del impacto en la formación de las especialidades médicas en el Programa de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte pedagógico donde se aplicó la metodología diseñada en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, para monitorear el impacto en la formación de la especialidad de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias, desarrollado en el Hospital Universitario Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández. Participaron 6 egresados, 11 profesores, 8 tutores y 4 directivos de la última edición concluida (octubre de 2016 a noviembre de 2019). Resultados: se observó un alto impacto en la institución y mediano en el individuo, con contraste entre el diagnóstico inicial y durante la formación: de excelencia en el 100 % de los residentes, pero un diagnóstico final con 33,3 % excelente y 66,6 % bien. No se evaluó la etapa de transferencia o impacto en la sociedad, por el corto de tiempo de experiencia laboral de los egresados. Conclusiones:la metodología aplicada permitió conocer un mediano impacto en la formación de los egresados de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias, por contrastación entre el diagnóstico inicial y durante la formación, de excelente con un diagnóstico final de bien (AU).

Introduction: the evaluation of the quality in the formation of the medical specialties in Cuba, conceptualize the monitored of the impact like the process directed to evaluate the correspondence among the objectives of the program and the results reached by their participants in the social environment where they are developed professionally, guaranteeing the relevancy of the program. Objective: to apply the methodology designed for the monitored of the impact in the formation of the medical specialties in the program of intensive Medicine and emergencies. Materials and methods: carried out a study of pedagogic court where the methodology was applied designed in the Medical University of Matanzas, for the monitored of the impact in the formation of the specialty of intensive Medicine and emergencies, developed in the university hospital "Faustino Pérez Hernández." They participated six graduate, four directives, 11 professors and tutors of the last concluded edition, from October of the 2016 to November of the one 2019. Results: a high impact was observed in the institution and medium in the individual, with a contrast among the initial diagnosis and during for formation of excellence in 100% of the residents, with a final diagnosis of 33,3% excellent and 66,6% well. It was not evaluated the transfer stage or impact in the society, for the short of time of labor experience of the graduate. Conclusions: the applied methodology allowed to know the medium impact in the formation of graduate in Intensive Medicine and Emergencies in Matanzas, for a contrast among the initial diagnosis and during the formation of excellent with the final diagnosis of well (AU).

Recommendations from the Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño for the practice of sleep medicine in Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic / Recomendaciones de la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño para el ejercicio de la medicina del sueño en Colombia durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Abstract Measures such as frequent handwashing, mandatory use of face masks by the general population in public spaces, social and physical distancing, and mandatory confinement of most people at their homes have contributed to slowing down the spread of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is the source of the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, adopting some of these measures has caused delays in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including sleep disorders. Therefore, it is urgent for sleep specialists and sleep centers to gradually resume activities, as long as strict biosecurity protocols aimed at reducing the risk of contagion are implemented. In this scenario, and in order to help somnologists reopen sleep centers and resume the procedures performed there, the Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño (Colombian Association of Sleep Medicine) proposes through this reflection paper several recommendations that should be considered during the reactivation process. These recommendations are based on the COVID-19 spread mitigation strategies established by the Colombian health authorities, the guidelines issued by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, and relevant literature on this subject, which was reviewed after performing a search in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases using the search terms "sleep" "sleep medicine" and "COVID19".

Resumen El lavado de manos frecuente, el uso obligatorio de mascarilla por parte de la población general en sitios públicos, el distanciamiento físico y social, y el confinamiento obligatorio de la mayoría de la población en sus casas son las medidas que hasta el momento han ayudado a frenar la propagación del nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causante de la actual pandemia por COVID-19. Sin embargo, la adopción de algunas de estas medidas ha generado retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades, incluyendo los trastornos del sueño, por lo que es urgente que los especialistas en medicina del sueño y los centros de sueño retomen sus actividades gradualmente, siempre que se implementen estrictos protocolos de bioseguridad que mitiguen el riesgo de contagio. En este contexto, y con el fin de ayudar a los somnólogos a reabrir los centros de sueño y reanudar los procedimientos allí realizados, la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño propone en la presente reflexión una serie de recomendaciones para tener en cuenta durante el proceso de reactivación. Estas recomendaciones se basan en las estrategias de mitigación establecidas por las autoridades sanitarias del país, las directrices de la American Academy of Sleep Medicine y la literatura disponible sobre el tema, la cual fue revisada luego de realizar una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Google Scholar usando los términos "sleep" "sleep medicine" y "COVID19".

Comparison between Mexican and International Medical Graduates' scores obtained in the ENARM competing for surgical specialties in Mexico during 2012-2019: data visualization, trend and forecasting analyses.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare the performance at the Examen Nacional de Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM) of the five direct-entry surgical specialties, and between Mexicans and International medical graduates (IMG). METHODS: This study was cross-sectional, used historical data from the annual public report of the ENARM during 8 years (2012-2019). We compare the minimum (MinSco) and maximum (MaxSco) scores of each specialty using ANOVA. Mexican versus IMG scores were evaluated with independent student t-test, trends with Spearman's correlation coefficient and a 5-years forecasting trend. RESULTS: There was a significant difference among the MinSco for five surgical specialties; F (4, 78) = 24.586, p ≤ 0.001; the global mean of MinSco was 72.572; specialties above this mean were ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and general surgery. The global mean for MaxSco was 81.559, two specialties were above: ophthalmology, and general surgery. We did not find a significant difference in the MinSco between Mexicans and IMG, but significance was found in the MaxSco between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: ENARM represents a market of high-performance test-takers across the surgical specialties. Mexicans and IMG achieved similar entrance scores, but Mexicans showed a higher MaxSco over IMG in all surgical specialties.

ANTECEDENTES: Comparamos la puntuacion del ENARM (Examen Nacional de Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas) en cinco especialidades quirúrgicas de entrada directa (cirugía general, ginecología y obstetricia, oftalmología, otorrinolaringología y traumatología y ortopedia) y las puntuaciones de mexicanos en comparación con graduados médicos internacionales. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal del informe público anual del ENARM durante 8 años (2012-2019). Comparamos las puntuaciones mínimas (MinSco) y máximas (MaxSco) de cada especialidad con ANOVA. El rendimiento de los mexicanos en comparación con internacionales se analizó con la prueba t de Student independiente, las tendencias se análizaron con correlación de Spearman y calculamos el pronóstico a 5 años. RESULTADOS: Hay diferencia significativa entre los puntajes mínimos de las cinco especialidades; F (4, 78) = 24.586, p ≤ 0.001. La media global de MinSco fue 72.572. Las especialidades por encima de la media fueron oftalmología, otorrinolaringología y cirugía general. La media global para el MaxSco fue de 81.559, y dos especialidades estan por encima de esta marca: oftalmología y cirugía general. No hay diferencia significativa en el MinSco entre mexicanos e internacionales, pero si en el MaxSco entre ambos grupos. CONCLUSIONES: El ENARM cuenta con aspirantes de alto rendimiento en las especialidades quirúrgicas. Los mexicanos y los graduados médicos internacionales tienen MinSco similares, pero los mexicanos mostraron un MaxSco más alto que los internacionales.

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy in the identification of obstruction sites in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review / Endoscopia do sono induzido por droga na identificação do(s) sítio(s) de obstrução em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono: revisão sistemática

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has multifactorial causes. Although indications for surgery are evaluated by well-known diagnostic tests in the awake state, these do not always correlate with satisfactory surgical results.OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review on endoscopy during sleep, as one element of the diagnosis routine, aiming to identify upper airway obstruction sites in adult patients with OSAS.METHODS: By means of electronic databases, a systematic review was performed of studies using drug-induced sleep endoscopy to identify obstruction sites in patients with OSAS.RESULTS: Ten articles were selected that demonstrated the importance of identifying multilevel obstruction, especially in relation to retrolingual and laryngeal collapse in OSAS.CONCLUSION: DISE is an additional method to reveal obstruction sites that have not been detected in awake patients.

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) apresenta causas multifatoriais com indicação cirúrgica avaliada por meio dos exames diagnósticos consagrados em vigília, que podem, porém, não assegurar resultados cirúrgicos satisfatórios.OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a endoscopia do sono, como parte da rotina diagnóstica, em pacientes adultos com SAOS a fim de identificar os sítios de obstrução da via aérea superior.MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL), a partir de bases de dados eletrônicas, dos estudos que identificaram os sítios de obstrução em pacientes com SAOS a partir da endoscopia do sono induzido por droga (DISE).RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados dez artigos que demonstraram relevância na identificação dos multiníveis de obstrução, principalmente em relação ao colapso retro-lingual e laríngeo na SAOS.CONCLUSÃO: DISE é um método adicional na identificação de sítios de obstrução não detectáveis no paciente em vigília.

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy in the identification of obstruction sites in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has multifactorial causes. Although indications for surgery are evaluated by well-known diagnostic tests in the awake state, these do not always correlate with satisfactory surgical results. OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review on endoscopy during sleep, as one element of the diagnosis routine, aiming to identify upper airway obstruction sites in adult patients with OSAS. METHODS: By means of electronic databases, a systematic review was performed of studies using drug-induced sleep endoscopy to identify obstruction sites in patients with OSAS. RESULTS: Ten articles were selected that demonstrated the importance of identifying multilevel obstruction, especially in relation to retrolingual and laryngeal collapse in OSAS. CONCLUSION: DISE is an additional method to reveal obstruction sites that have not been detected in awake patients.

Identificación y normalización de las competencias profesionales específicas del especialista en Medicina Intensiva y Emergencia / Identification and standardization of specific profesional competencies of the intensive and emergency medicine specialist

Introducción: la calidad de la formación y de la práctica médica es expresión del nivel de competencias alcanzado por sus profesionales. La especialidad de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencia (MIE) en Cuba no ha definido sus competencias profesionales. Objetivo: establecer las bases teórico-metodológicas que sustenten la identificación y normalización de las competencias profesionales del especialista en MIE. Métodos: investigación de desarrollo en la que se aplican métodos teóricos y empíricos, y fundamentalmente técnicas cualitativas. Resultados: se definió la utilización de una metodología mixta basada en el análisis ocupacional funcional a partir de las funciones claves y específicas identificadas en estudio anterior. Se delimitaron los criterios de selección de los profesionales que integran los grupos de expertos que continuarán su trabajo en la investigación. Se expresa la primera aproximación a la identificación de los elementos y unidades de competencias pertenecientes al área de competencias asistenciales del médico intensivista. Se definen las bases para la normalización de las competencias identificadas y se ejemplificó su despliegue en una ficha de normalización, que se convierte en una norma o estándar para la especialidad. Conclusiones: se establecen las bases metodológicas para la identificación y normalización de las competencias profesionales del especialista en MIE. Se presentan los primeros resultados en la identificación y normalización de las competencias asistenciales del intensivista cubano, que deberá continuar con la participación activa de otros grupos de expertos y destacados profesores de la especialidade.

Introduction: the quality of medical formation and practice expresses the level of competencies attained by the health professionals. The professional competencies of the intensive and emergency medicine in Cuba have not been so far defined. Objectives: to set the theoretical and methodological basis supporting the identification and standardization of professional competencies in the intensive and emergency medicine specialist. Methods: developmental research that applies theoretical and empirical methods, mainly the qualitative techniques. Results: the use of a combined methodology, based on the functional occupational analysis covering the key specific functions identified in a previous study, was defined. The selection criteria of professionals who are members of the expert groups were also specified. There was expressed the first approach to identification of elements and units of competencies within the area of assistance competencies of the intensive physician. The basis for standardization of the set competencies were defined along with their exemplification in a standardization index that turns into a standard for this specialty. Conclusions: the methodological basis for identification and standardization of professional competencies of intensive and emergency specialist are set. The first results of the identification and standardization of assistance competencies of the Cuban intensive medicine expert are presented. This research work will be continued with the active involvement of other groups of experts and outstanding professors in this specialty.

Guía para la certificación de servicios diagnósticos de trastornos del sueño en Colombia (Incluye estándares para Servicios Pediátricos) / Guidelines for the voluntary certification of services studying sleep disorders in Colombia (including standards for paediatric services)

Antecedentes. La Asociación Colombiana de Sociedades Científicas (ACSC) convocó al Grupo de Investigación Transdisciplinario en Trastornos del Sueño (GITTS) -conformado por la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño (ACMES), la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Interna (ACMI®-Médicos para adultos), la Asociación Colombiana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax (Asoneumocito), la Asociación Colombiana de Neurología (ACN), la Asociación Colombiana de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía Plástica Facial (ACORL) y la Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría (ACP)- para que elaboraran un documento con el cual se estableciera una normatividad para la certificación voluntaria de los servicios que estudian los trastornos del sueño en Colombia. Se busca que este proceso fomente la excelencia en el diagnóstico de los trastornos del sueño. Objetivos. El proceso busca definir los estándares mínimos para los servicios diagnósticos de medicina del sueño en Colombia. Aunque riguroso, el proceso ha de ser "amigable para el usuario". Se propone a la ACMES como ente evaluador. Materiales y métodos. El proceso evalúa la organización y administración de los servicios, los empleados y la dirección, las políticas y los procedimientos, la educación y el desarrollo del personal, las instalaciones y los equipos, así como el aseguramiento de la calidad. El enfoque general estuvo influenciado por programas establecidos y adoptados en otros países. Se espera que la consistencia con las guías internacionales disminuya la cantidad de trabajo necesaria para preparar la aplicación para los servicios que ya estén involucrados en los procedimientos de certificación -por ejemplo, certificación de hospitales- y que esto ayude a preparar el camino para la certificación en sueño. Resultados. La primera fase del proceso incluye contestar un cuestionario detallado designado para evaluar qué tan preparado está el servicio para ser certificado. La autoevaluación es una característica clave de esta fase. La habilidad para responder satisfactoriamente el cuestionario, guiado por los Estándares de Certificación detallados más adelante, deberá indicar al servicio solicitante su capacidad para cumplir con los requisitos de certificación. Si las respuestas son satisfactorias, el servicio enviará una solicitud completa. Si el Comité Evaluador (ACMES) establece que la solicitud llena los estándares, se realizará una visita a las instalaciones. Los servicios que evalúan niños menores de 12 años, deben cumplir con los requisitos específicos para esta población. Los mayores de 12 años sin condiciones médicas complejas se pueden estudiar en servicios certificados para adultos, siempre y cuando, disponga de los equipos de reanimación y de personal entrenado.

Background. The Colombian Association of Scientific Societies (known as ACSC in Spanish) requested the Transdisciplinary Research Group on Sleep Disorders (GITTS) to prepare a document establishing regulations for the voluntary certification of services studying sleep disorders in Colombia. The GITTS was formed by the Colombian Association of Sleep Medicine (ACMES), the Colombian Association of Internal Medicine (ACMI), the Colombian Association of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (Asoneumocito), the Colombian Association of Neurology (ACN), the Colombian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery (ACORL) and the Colombian Association of Psychiatry (ACP). It was intended that this exercise would promote excellence in diagnosing sleep disorders. Objectives. Defining minimum standards for assessing/evaluating sleep disorder diagnosis services in Colombia; although rigorous, they had to be user-friendly. ACMES was proposed to play the role of guidelines controller. Materials and methods. The exercise evaluated service organisation and management, employees and management, policy and procedures, education and staff development, facilities and equipment and quality assurance. The overall approach was influenced by programmes already established and adopted by other countries. It was expected that uniformity regarding international guidelines would decrease the amount of work needed for preparing documentation for services which are already involved in certification procedures, for example, hospital certification, and that this would help pave the way for sleep medicine certification. Results. The first step involved a self-questionnaire designed to assess whether a particular service was ready to be certified, self-assessment being a key feature of this phase. Successfully responding to the questionnaire (guided by the certification standards) indicated whether a particular sleep disorder service met certification requirements. If the answers were satisfactory, then such service would send in a complete application. A site visit would then be made if the evaluation committee (ACMES) stated that the full standards had been satisfactorily met. Services assessing children under 12 years-old had to meet specific requirements for such population. Children over 12 years-old who did not have a complex medical condition could be studied by certified adult services, as long as resuscitation equipment and trained personnel were available.

Professor Elio Lugaresi's contributions to neurology and sleep disorders / As contribuicoes do Professor Elio Lugaresi para a neurologia e os disturbios do sono

The authors present a brief historical review of the most important contributions by Professor Elio Lugaresi, of the University of Bologna, Italy, to neurology and sleep disorders.

Os autores apresentam uma breve revisão histórica sobre as mais importantes contribuições do Professor Elio Lugaresi, da Universidade de Bolonha, Itália, para a Neurologia e para os distúrbios do sono.