Benign non-carcinoid neoplasms of the cecal appendix: presentation of 36 cases during the last 17 years in a third level hospital.

BACKGROUND: The tumors of the cecal appendix are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms with variable prognosis and evolution, its incidence is very low. Mucinous tumors are defined as a dilated cecal appendix due to an abnormal accumulation of mucin, which may be benign or malign. Within these we find the mucoceles, which according to the latest consensus and classifications no longer include them. In this article we describe our experience in these tumors, we also propose a group to include the mucoceles and we review the literature. METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study, analyzing all the surgical pieces of cecal appendix during the last 17 years. RESULTS: We analyzed 4910 surgical pieces. 36 were included in the group of non-carcinoid benign epithelial neoplasms (NEBNC), in this group 16 were low-grade mucinous neoplasms, 14 mucoceles and 6 tubular adenomas. The most frequent presentation's form was simulating an acute appendicitis. Surgical treatment was performed by open approach in 22 cases and by laparoscopic approach in 14 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic NEBNC can simulate acute appendicitis but in people with a higher mean age, so this diagnostic should be considered in older patients with nonspecific imaging tests. The recommended treatment is always surgical and it can be possible by laparoscopic approach.

ANTECEDENTES: Las tumoraciones del apéndice cecal son un grupo raro y heterogéneo de neoplasias con evolución y pronóstico variables, y tienen una incidencia muy baja. Las tumoraciones mucinosas se definen como aquellas con un apéndice cecal dilatado debido a una acumulación anormal de mucina en su interior; pueden ser benignas o malignas. Dentro de ellas se encuentran los mucoceles, que según los últimos consensos y clasificaciones ya no los incluyen. En este artículo se describe la experiencia de los autores en estas tumoraciones y se propone un grupo en el que incluir los mucoceles; además, se hace una revisión de la literatura. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se analizan todas las piezas quirúrgicas de apéndice cecal durante los últimos 17 años. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 4910 piezas quirúrgicas. De ellas, 36 fueron incluidas en el grupo de neoplasias epiteliales benignas no carcinoides (NEBNC): 16 fueron neoplasias mucinosas de bajo grado, 14 mucoceles y 6 adenomas tubulares. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue simulando una apendicitis aguda. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue mediante abordaje abierto en 22 casos y laparoscópico en 14. CONCLUSIONES: Las NEBNC sintomáticas pueden simular cuadros de apendicitis aguda, pero en personas con una mayor edad media, por lo que hay que considerar esta posibilidad diagnóstica en pacientes mayores con pruebas de imagen inespecíficas. El tratamiento recomendable es siempre quirúrgico, y resulta viable su realización mediante abordaje laparoscópico.

Técnica de Shira utilizada no tratamento de mucocele: Quando indicar? Como realizar? / Shira's technique used in mucocele treatment: when indicate? How to perform?

O termo mucocele é empregado clinicamente como um termo genérico, para se referir aos fenômenos de retenção e extravasamento de muco, sendo essa lesão um pseudocisto de etiologia traumática, decorrente do rompimento do ducto de uma glândula salivar menor. Clinicamente, esse tipo de lesão pode se apresentar como uma tumefação ou bolha, macia à palpação, de coloração azulada ou, mesmo, normocrômica, dependendo da sua profundidade nos tecidos, assintomática, de superfície lisa e de tamanho variado, sendo o lábio inferior a região mais acometida. Com relação ao seu tratamento, a enucleação é a técnica mais preconizada. Entretanto, algumas técnicas alternativas têm sido propostas na literatura para esse fim, como o uso do laser de dióxido de carbono, marsupialização e a técnica de Shira, sendo esta realizada com a injeção prévia de um hidrocoloide irreversível no interior da lesão, para evitar o extravasamento do conteúdo mucoso no momento da divulsão cirúrgica. O objetivo deste trabalho é mudar o caso clínico da paciente encaminhada à Clínica de Cirurgia Oral menor da Universidade Federal Fluminense, lhe apresentou, ao exame clínico, uma mucocele em lábio inferior do lado direito, com 14 dias de evolução e cerca de 2,0 cm em seu maior diâmetro, tendo sido realizado remoção completa da lesão por meio da técnica de Shira. A paciente evoluiu sem complicações e recidiva da lesão... (AU)

The mucocele term is used clinically as a generic term to refer to retention phenomenon and mucus extravasation, which is a pseudocyst injury of traumatic etiology, due to the rupture of the duct of a minor salivary gland. Clinically this type of injury may present as a swelling or blister, soft palpation, bluish or even normochromic coloring, depending on their depth in the tissues, asymptomatic smooth surface and varying size, with the lower lip the most affected region. Regarding treatment, enucleation is the recommended technique. However, some alternative techniques have been proposed in the literature for this purpose, such as using carbon dioxide laser, Marsupialization and Shira's technique, which is performed with the previous injection of an irreversible hydrocolloid inside the lesion to avoid extravasation the mucous content at the time of surgical divulsion. The aim of this paper is to present a case of C.R.F. patient, 18-year-old female was referred to minor oral surgery clinic of the Federal Fluminense University, with clinical examination mucoceles in lower right lip 14 days of evolution and about 2.0 cm in its largest diameter, where complete removal of the lesion was performed using the Shira's technique. The same progressed without complications and recurrence of injury... (AU)

[Experience in the surgical treatment of paranasal sinus mucoceles in a university hospital]. / Experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de mucoceles de senos paranasales en un hospital universitario.

BACKGROUND: Mucoceles are benign cystic lesions of the paranasal sinuses. Endoscopic marsupialisation is considered the first choice of treatment, due to its low morbidity and recurrence rates. OBJECTIVE: To establish the number of patients with recurrence, who were diagnosed clinically or by computed tomography, and who were submitted to surgery in the Ear, Nose and Throat Unit in a tertiary university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational and retrospective study was conducted on patients with a mucocele diagnosis operated on in the period from January 2006 to December 2013. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to obtain the frequencies, ratios and proportions. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were obtained. The recurrence rates of each surgical technique were compared using the Chi-squared test. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients included in the study, 39 were female and 20 were men. The most common location was in the maxillary sinus (22 patients) followed by frontoethmoidal (20 patients). There was a recurrence of 9% in those submitted to a surgical procedure. The endoscopic approach was used in 51 patients, 8 cases were combined (open plus endoscopic), and there was no open approach. There was a recurrence in 7 of 51 of patients with endoscopic surgery, and one out of 8 patients had a recurrence with a combined technique. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant relationship was found between the type of surgery and recurrence, or between the presence or absence of a predisposing factor and recurrence.

Oral mucoceles: a clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study.

The aim of study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of oral mucoceles and the immunohistochemical expression of cellular and extracellular matrix components in these lesions. One hundred cases of oral mucoceles were examined for clinicopathological features. The expression of mast cell tryptase, CD68, MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and CD34 was investigated immunohistochemically in 32 cases. The lesions arose as nodules or blisters of variable color. The mean age was 23.2 years and a higher male frequency was observed. The most common locations were the lower lip (92%), followed by the floor of the mouth (7%), and palate (1%). The lesion size ranged from 0.4 to 3.0cm. Unusual histopathological findings as superficial mucoceles (n=16, 16%), pseudopapillary projections (n=3, 3%), epithelioid histiocytes (n=4, 4%), multinucleated giant cells (n=1, 1%) and myxoglobulosis (n=9, 9%) were also seen. Mast cells and CD68-positive macrophages, MMP-1, MMP-9 and CD34-positive blood vessels were seen in all cases. A significant association was seen between mast cells and MMP-1 (p=0.03) and between macrophages and MMP-1 (p=0.01). This study provided important insight into the demographic and histopathological occurrence of oral mucoceles. The tissue remodeling seen in these lesions mainly involved the migration and interaction of mast cells, macrophages and MMP-1.

Mucoceles de cavidades paranasales: experiencia en el Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau / Paranasal sinus mucoceles: the Barros Luco-Trudeau experience

Introducción: Los mucoceles son pseudotumores expansivos de las cavidades paranasales, cuyos síntomas están dados por su crecimiento expansivo. El tratamiento tradicional ha sido la extracción quirúrgica por vía externa, siendo desplazado en las últimas décadas por la resección endoscópica. Objetivo: Evaluar la experiencia en nuestro servicio sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los mucoceles. Material y método: Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes tratados por mucocele en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, entre 2002y 2013. Se describen características clínico-demográficas, métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento y aparición de recidivas. Resultados: Se analizaron 45pacientes con seguimiento promedio de 24,93 meses. El 51,11% correspondió al sexo masculino. La edad promedio fue 49,68 años. El 46,6% fueron mucoceles fronto-etmoidales (6 frontales, 6 etmoidales y 9 fronto-etmoidales), el resto en seno maxilar, con un periodo de latencia de 7,33 meses. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron oftalmológicos (55,5%) como proptosis y diplopía, mientras que el 51,1% de los pacientes tenía antecedentes de rinosinusitis crónica. El tratamiento fue mediante resección endoscópica en el 66,22%, por vía abierta 31,1% y manejo combinado en 6,66%. Hubo 8 casos recidivados, que representan el 17,7% de la serie. Discusión: Nuestra casuística resultó semejante a otras series publicadas. En los últimos años se ha preferido el abordaje endoscópico, sin embargo, el abordaje externo o combinado siguen siendo claves en el manejo de mucoceles extensos o para tratar recidivas. La aparición potencialmente tardía de recidivas requiere un tiempo de seguimiento largo para estos pacientes. Conclusiones: Los mucoceles representan un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico y el manejo endoscópico parece una alternativa segura en el manejo de mucoceles que no comprometan órbita o tengan extensión craneal.

Introduction: Mucoceles are expansive pseudotumors of the paranasal sinuses and clinical presentations of symptoms are given by expansive growth. Traditional treatment has been open surgical extraction, being shifted in recent decades by endoscopic resection. Aim: To evaluate our experience in diagnosis and treatment of mucoceles. Material and methods: Retrospective chart review of patients treated for mucocele in the Department of Otolaryngology, between 2002 and 2013. Clinical and demographic characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment and recurrence are described. Results: 45 patients with average follow-up of 24.93 months were analyzed. 51.11% were male. The mean age was 49.68years. 46.6% were fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles (6 in frontal sinus, 6 in ethmoidal sinus and 9 fronto-ethmoidal), the rest in the maxillary sinus, with a latency period of 7.33 months. Most frequent symptoms were ophtalmologic (55.5%) as proptosis and diplopia, while 51.1% of patients had a history of chronic rhinosinusitis. Treatment was by endoscopic resection in 66.22%, 31.1% by open surgery and 6.66% in combined approach. There were 8 recurrent cases, accounting for 17.7% of the series. Discussion: Our series was similar to other published earlier. In recent years, endoscopic approach is preferred, however, combined external approach or keys remain in handling large mucoceles or to treat recurrences. The late onset of recurrences potentially requires a long follow-up time for these patients. Conclusions: Mucoceles represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and endoscopic management seems a safe alternative in the management of orbital involvement or cranial extension mucoceles.

Tratamento nasoendoscópico da mucocele de seio esfenoidal / Nasoendoscopic treatment of the sphenoid sinus mucoceles

Introdução: A mucocele é uma lesão benigna de crescimento lento, composta de material mucoso ou purulento, podendo ser múltiplas e causar erosão óssea. As mucoceles de seio esfenoide são raras, correspondendo a 1% dos casos; sendo mais frequentes nos seios frontal e etmoidal respectivamente. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de mucocele de seio esfenoidal que cursava com sintomas neurológicos e que foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico através da endoscopia nasal. Relato do Caso: Paciente 80 anos, sexo feminino, com história de dor ocular, diplopia e diminuição progressiva da acuidade visual, evoluindo com amaurose bilateral dois meses depois. Na TC e RNM de crânio evidenciou massa expansiva de seio esfenoide, sugestivo de mucocele. Paciente foi submetida à cirurgia nasoendoscopica com abertura e ampliação do óstio do seio esfenoide. Comentários Finais: As patologias que acometem o seio esfenoidal apresentam grande importância em função das nobres estruturas que o circundam. A cirurgia endoscópica nasal é uma via de abordagem excelente para o tratamento das mucoceles.

Introduction: Mucoceles is a slow growth benign lesion, composed of mucous or purulent material, may be multiple and cause osseous erosion. The sphenoid sinus mucoceles are uncommon and correspond to 1% of the cases; they are more frequent in the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses respectively. Objective: To report one case of sphenoid sinus mucoceles that occurred with neurological symptoms and was submitted to surgical treatment through nasal endoscopy. Case Report: 80-year-old female patient with a record of ocular pain, diplopia and progressive decrease of the visual accuracy, which evolved with bilateral amaurosis two months after. In the cranium CT and MR we confirmed an expansive mass of sphenoid sinus, suggesting mucoceles. The patient was submitted to nasoendoscopic surgery with opening and widening of the ostium in the sphenoid sinus. Final Comments: The pathologies that affect the sphenoid sinus represent a great importance due to the noble structures that surrounds it. The nasal endoscopic surgery is an excellent approach for the treatment of mucoceles.

Mucocele do apêndice / Mucocele of the appendix

A case of benign appendiceal mucocele treated by appendectomy tony is reported. Appendiceal mucocele is a rare lesion of the appendix, characterized by a gross enlargement of the appendix from luminal accumulation of mucoid substance. It is a rare condition, detected in only 0.1-0.4 percent of all appendicectomies, with a female predominance and an average age at the time of diagnosis over 50 years. The possibility of a pre-operative diagnosis is examined. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan of the abdomen or colonoscopy may suggest the diagnosis. However the diagnosis is often incidental. The pathogenesis and the different surgical strategies are discussed.