Kurtosis-based projection pursuit analysis to evaluate South American rapadura.

Rapadura is an artisanal candy obtained from concentrated sugarcane juice. In this study, a differentiation between South American rapadura producers has been tried using a Kurtosis-based projection pursuit analysis (kPPA) concerning essential minerals, acrylamide, moisture contents, pH, and color. These parameters revealed significant inter- and intra-country differences. Based on the employed measurements, a multivariate exploration with kPPA extracted information from rapadura even though it is a very artisanal product and was effective in separating classes, especially Brazilian and Ecuadorian rapadura, where principal component analysis failed. Moreover, ellipse confidence regions showed significant differences between non-organic and organic rapadura from Colombia and Peru in granulated form. From a chemometric point of view, the application of kPPA can be used in cases when other metrics (as based on the variance) fail and can be useful in the exploratory analysis of complex multivariate chemical data.

Color approach to the analysis of white crystal cane sugar for the detection of solid impurities.

BACKGROUND: Sugar is consumed worldwide and so the quality control of sugar cane is necessary. Solid impurities are an inherent part of industrial sugar processing. Dark particles and adulteration with sand must be controlled. Sixty-four samples of white crystal cane sugar analysis in the presence of both kinds of impurities (dark particles and sand) were assessed using an affordable digital image system and a multivariate calibration strategy. RESULTS: The quality parameters for the multivariate calibration models obtained to estimate sugar content were remarkable. Color descriptors from digital images allowed identification of different levels of sugar content for the following three ranges: 0-49.99 wt%, 50.03-78.99 wt%, and 82.99-100 wt%. The multivariate model using red (R), green (G), Blue (B), and luminosity (L) color descriptors showed low standard errors of cross-validation (SECV) and validation (SEV) of 7.63 and 6.01 wt%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The method is affordable and reliable, and might aid quick screening in situations where access to a laboratory or instrumentation is restricted. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar and Other Sugarcane Derivatives in an In Vitro Induced Parkinson's Model.

Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is a traditional sweetener in most sugarcane regions of the world. In Colombia, this product has a socio-economic importance due to the extensive cultivation area and the high consumption rate per capita. NCS traditional processing involves consecutive stages of thermal processing that begin with juice extraction, clarification, evaporation, and finish with syrup crystallization into a solid commercial product, identified as NCS. Sugarcane is known to have a natural content of polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and complex sugars, some of which are reported as antioxidant and antiproliferative agents thought to be responsible for the product's bioactive profile. There is evidence to suggest that traditional thermal processing to obtain NCS leads to a considerable decrease in the contents of these bioactive compounds, mainly due to uncontrolled process variables such as temperature. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the bioactivity of sugarcane (SC) derivatives produced under controlled thermal conditions versus the traditional method. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of varying concentrations of SC derivatives in an in vitro induced Parkinson's model. Results demonstrate non-cytotoxic activity on the cellular model by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and LDH assays, even at the highest tested concentration of 8 mg/mL, for all SC derivatives. The effect of SC derivatives on the induced oxidative stress model showed a biological reversion and recovering effect of the mitochondrial membrane potential and a halting of the progress into the early apoptosis phase. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the bioactive compounds present in SC derivatives obtained by a process under controlled temperature conditions are largely preserved, and even their biological activities are enhanced compared with SC derivatives obtained by the traditional thermal evaporation of SC-juice.

Effect of an enzymatic blend and yeast on the performance, carcass yield and histomorphometry of the small intestine in broilers from 21 to 42 days of age

The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance, carcass yield, and histomorphometry of the small intestine of broilers fed yeast sugarcane supplemented with enzymatic blend from 22 to 42 days of age. Seven hundred broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial design (2x3+1), two levels of the enzyme blend (0 and 200 g/ton), three protein levels (0%, 6% and 12%) and a control diet. The level of 6% yeast showed higher feed intake and weight gain after 33 days. From 22 to 42 days there was no significant effect (p<0.05) to the use of yeast in animal performance, carcass yield and cuts. At 42 days an interaction between the factors for width and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, was observed. The inclusion of yeast in the diets for broilers from 22 to 42 days did not affect the performance and yield of the carcass. Yeast increased the muscle wall of the jejunum. The use of the enzymatic blend did not influence performance but affected the integrity of the intestinal mucosa.(AU)

Effect of an enzymatic blend and yeast on the performance, carcass yield and histomorphometry of the small intestine in broilers from 21 to 42 days of age

The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance, carcass yield, and histomorphometry of the small intestine of broilers fed yeast sugarcane supplemented with enzymatic blend from 22 to 42 days of age. Seven hundred broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial design (2x3+1), two levels of the enzyme blend (0 and 200 g/ton), three protein levels (0%, 6% and 12%) and a control diet. The level of 6% yeast showed higher feed intake and weight gain after 33 days. From 22 to 42 days there was no significant effect (p<0.05) to the use of yeast in animal performance, carcass yield and cuts. At 42 days an interaction between the factors for width and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, was observed. The inclusion of yeast in the diets for broilers from 22 to 42 days did not affect the performance and yield of the carcass. Yeast increased the muscle wall of the jejunum. The use of the enzymatic blend did not influence performance but affected the integrity of the intestinal mucosa.

Physicochemical and sensory (aroma and colour) characterisation of a non-centrifugal cane sugar ("panela") beverage.

Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS), also called "panela", is a high carbohydrate-content food obtained by boil evaporation of the sugar cane juice. This study was undertaken to assess physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of panela beverage at two different concentrations. Evaluation of pH, °Brix, and colour (tristimulus colorimetry) was carried out in all panela drink samples. In order to characterise the odour-active volatiles of the beverage, a simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction method was applied using a mixture of diethyl ether-pentane (1:1,w/w) as solvent. The Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis revealed the presence of six odour-active compounds, being 2-methyl pyrazine the key aroma compound of this beverage. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) showed that there were no differences in the aroma and physicochemical properties (pH and °Brix) with respect to the geographical origin of analysed samples; however colour depends on heating during processing of NCS.

Impacto na produção e qualidade do leite pela combinação ou não de volumososem dietas de vacas Holandesas / Impact on production and milk quality by mixture or not roughagesdiets of Holstein cows

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo de vacas em lactação submetidas à dieta, composta por volumosos suplementares e concentrados com densidades energéticas distintas, em condição ambiente diferenciado, a fim de detectar os principais fatores que mais interferem na produção e qualidade do leite. Foram utilizados 8 vacas Holandesas, em quadrado latino 8 x 8, em esquema fatorial 2x2x2, com os seguintes fatores: dieta para níveis de exigência de produção de 20 e de 40 kg de leite/dia, duas fontes de volumosos (silagem de milho: SM, combinação de cana-de-açúcar com silagem de milho 1:1 na MS: CSM) e duas condições ambientais (com e sem ventiladores e nebulizadores: CVN e SVN, respectivamente), com períodos de 20 dias, sendo 11 dias de adaptação e 9 dias de coleta, com duração de 160 dias. Analisando os resultados, constatou-se que houve maior ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) em percentagem do peso corporal (4,14% x 3,79% PC) para dieta programada para produção 40 L leite/dia (P≤0,05), entretanto, a conversão e eficiência alimentar foram melhores para dieta de 20 (0,91 x 1,01; 112,6% x 103,9%, respectivamente) (P≤0,05). Avaliando a IMS, de maneira fracionada, constatou-se que a dieta 40 propiciou as maiores ingestões de concentrado (10,8 x 9,3 kg/dia), forragens (11,3 x 10,4 kg/dia) e ureia (0,303 x 0,280 kg/dia); enquanto que para o efeito volumoso, a CSM propiciou maior ingestão de concentrado (10,9 x 9,1 kg/dia) e ureia (0,333 x 0,278 kg/dia) e menor ingestão da forragem (10,1 x 11,6 kg/dia) (P≤0,05)...

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of lactating cows subjected to diet, consisting of additional bulky and concentrates with different energy densities in different environment conditions in order to detect the main factors that influence the production and quality of milk . 8 Holstein cows were used in a latin square 8 x 8 in a 2x2x2 factorial with the following factors: diet for levels of production requirement of 20 and 40 kg milk/day, two sources of roughage (corn silage: SM, combination of cane sugar with corn silage 1:1 in MS:CSM ) and two environmental conditions (with and without ventilators and nebulizers: CVN and SVN, respectively), with periods of 20 days and 11 days of adaptation and 9 days of collection, lasting 160 days. Analyzing the results, it was found that there was a higher dry matter intake (DMI) as a percentage of body weight (4,14 % vs. 3,79 % BW ) for diet programmed to produce 40L milk/day (P≤ 0.05), however, the conversion and feed efficiency were better diet for 20 (0,91 x 1,01; % 112,6 x 103,9 %, respectively) (P ≤ 0,05). Evaluating IMS, fractional way, it was found that the diet of 40 provided the greatest intakes of concentrate (10,8 x 9,3 kg/day), forage (11,3 x 10,4 kg/day) and urea (0,303 x 0,280 kg/day), while for the massive effect, CSM provided greater intake of concentrate (10,9 x 9,1 kg/day) and urea (0,333 x 0,278 kg/day) and lower intake of forage (10,1 x 11,6 kg/day) (P≤0,05). For the purpose of production and quality of milk from the diet led to 40, higher concentration of milk urea nitrogen (UN) ( 22,...

Urea in diets for dairy cattle: in take of nutrients and body development / Uréia em dietas para bovinos de origem leiteira em crescimento: Consumo de nutrientes e desenvolvimento corporal

The objective was to evaluate the use of urea as a replacement to soybean meal in diets based on silage sugar cane intake of nutrients and body development of twelve dairy crossbred cattle, bulls, with initial weight of 184.79 ± 6.6 kg and average age of 9.5 ± 1.9 months, distributed in randomized block design with two treatments (with and without urea), six replicates each. The DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, TDN, expressed in kg / animal / day and feed:gain ratio of DM and CP decreased with the replacement of soybean meal by urea in the diets of animals. The body measurements were not affected by the replacement of soybean meal by urea, but reduced (P 0.01) the weight gain (0.488 and 0.219 kg/animal/day, respectively) of crossbred dairy calves.

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização de uréia como substituto ao farelo de soja em dietas a base de silagem de cana-de-açúcar sobre o consumo de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento corporal de doze bovinos mestiços leiteiros, castrados, com peso inicial de 184,79 ± 6,6 kg e idade média de 9,5 ± 1,9 meses, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos (sem e com uréia) com seis repetições cada. Os consumos de MS, MO, PB, FDN, FDA, NDT, expressos em kg/animal/dia e a conversão alimentar da MS e da PB foram piores com a substituição do farelo de soja pela uréia nas dietas dos animais. As mensurações corporais não foram afetadas pela substituição do farelo de soja por uréia, porém houve redução (P 0,01) no ganho de peso (0,488 e 0,219 kg/animal/dia, respectivamente) dos animais.

Urea in diets for dairy cattle: in take of nutrients and body development / Uréia em dietas para bovinos de origem leiteira em crescimento: consumo de nutrientes e desenvolvimento corporal

The objective was to evaluate the use of urea as a replacement to soybean meal in diets based on silage sugar cane intake of nutrients and body development of twelve dairy crossbred cattle, bulls, with initial weight of 184.79 ± 6.6 kg and average age of 9.5 ± 1.9 months, distributed in randomized block design with two treatments (with and without urea), six replicates each. The DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, TDN, expressed in kg / animal / day and feed:gain ratio of DM and CP decreased with the replacement of soybean meal by urea in the diets of animals. The body measurements were not affected by the replacement of soybean meal by urea, but reduced (P 0.01) the weight gain (0.488 and 0.219 kg/animal/day, respectively) of crossbred dairy calves.

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização de uréia como substituto ao farelo de soja em dietas a base de silagem de cana-de-açúcar sobre o consumo de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento corporal de doze bovinos mestiços leiteiros, castrados, com peso inicial de 184,79 ± 6,6 kg e idade média de 9,5 ± 1,9 meses, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos (sem e com uréia) com seis repetições cada. Os consumos de MS, MO, PB, FDN, FDA, NDT, expressos em kg/animal/dia e a conversão alimentar da MS e da PB foram piores com a substituição do farelo de soja pela uréia nas dietas dos animais. As mensurações corporais não foram afetadas pela substituição do farelo de soja por uréia, porém houve redução (P 0,01) no ganho de peso (0,488 e 0,219 kg/animal/dia, respectivamente) dos animais.

Calidad fisicoquimica de la panela analizada en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública / Physicochemical quality of panela analyzed at the public health

Introducción: Este artículo presenta los resultados fisicoquímicos realizados a muestras de panela de consumo humano, consignados en las bases de datos del Laboratorio de Salud Pública de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá, entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre del 2009, dentro del programa de vigilancia y control sanitario que adelantan las empresas sociales del Estado. Objetivo: Determinar fisicoquímicamente la calidad de la panela que se distribuyó durante el 2009 en Bogotá. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo basado en análisis estadístico en Excel de 343 datos consignados en el Silasp, dentro del periodo objeto de estudio y obtenidos de información registrada luego de las pruebas fisicoquímicas practicadas al alimento panela en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública. Resultados: Durante el 2009, en Bogotá, el 84,26% (289/343) de las panelas arrojó calidad fisicoquímica que cumple con la normatividad vigente (Resolución 779 del 2006); sin embargo, el 15,74% (54/343) de las muestras analizadas presentó calidad fisicoquímica que no cumple; el 15,45% (53/343), por presencia de blanqueadores (sulfitos), y el 0,3% (1/343) por colorantes, los cuales son aditivos químicos prohibidos.

Introduction: This article presents the results obtained from the tests made to jaggery samples for human consumption recorded at the databases of the Laboratory of Public Health of Bogotá’s District Health Secretariat, from 01 January to December 31, 2009, within the Program of public health surveillance and control carried out by State Social Enterprises. Objective: To establish the physicochemical quality of unrefined whole sugar cane blocks distributed in 2009 in the Capital District. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive study based on a statistical analysis of 343 Excel data from the SILASP (Public Health Lab’s Information System) for the period of study and obtained from information recorded pursuant to physico-chemical tests made to panela food at the Laboratory of Public Health. Results: 84.26% (289/343) of the jaggery blocks produced in Bogotá’s Capital District appeared to have physicochemical opperties that fulfill the current standard (Resolution 779/2006), whereas 15.74% (54/343) of the samples analyzed had physicochemical properties under the standard; 15.45% (53/343) of non-compliant samples contained whitening products (sulphites), and 0.3% (1/343) artificial colors, i.e. banned chemical additives.

Microbial diversity in a bagasse-based compost prepared for the production of Agaricus brasiliensis / Diversidade microbiana em composto a base de bagaço de cana preparado para produção de Agaricus brasiliensis

Edible mushrooms are renowned for their nutritional and medicinal properties and are thus of considerable commercial importance. Mushroom production depends on the chemical composition of the basic substrates and additional supplements employed in the compost as well as on the method of composting. In order to minimise the cost of mushroom production, considerable interest has been shown in the use of agro-industrial residues in the preparation of alternative compost mixtures. However, the interaction of the natural microbiota present in agricultural residues during the composting process greatly influences the subsequent colonisation by the mushroom. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify the microbiota present in a sugar cane bagasse and coast-cross straw compost prepared for the production of Agaricus brasilienses. Composting lasted for 14 days, during which time the substrates and additives were mixed every 2 days, and this was followed by a two-step steam pasteurisation (55 - 65ºC; 15 h each step). Bacteria, (mainly Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. and members of the Enterobacteriaceae) were the predominant micro-organisms present throughout the composting process with an average population density of 3 x 10(8) CFU/g. Actinomycetes, and especially members of the genus Streptomyces, were well represented with a population density of 2 - 3 x 10(8) CFU/g. The filamentous fungi, however, exhibited much lower population densities and were less diverse than the other micro-organisms, although Aspergillus fumigatus was present during the whole composting process and after pasteurisation.

Os cogumelos comestíveis são apreciados pelas suas propriedades nutricionais e medicinais e, por essa razão, possuem alto valor econômico. A produção de cogumelos depende da composição química dos substratos básicos, dos suplementos utilizados e da preparação do composto no qual o fungo será cultivado. Considerando-se que os custos de produção precisam ser minimizados, os resíduos agroindustriais representam uma fonte alternativa e econômica para a preparação do composto. A interação da microbiota natural dos resíduos agrícolas durante o processo de compostagem influencia a subseqüente colonização do cogumelo. Visando-se a produção de A. brasiliensis, o presente trabalho objetivou isolar e identificar a microbiota presente no composto preparado a partir de bagaço de cana e capim coast-cross. O processo de compostagem durou 14 dias com reviragens da pilha a cada dois dias, o qual foi seguido de pasteurização (55 65 ºC) em duas fases por 15 h cada. As bactérias (principalmente Bacillus, Paenibacillus e espécies da família Enterobacteriaceae) foram os microrganismos predominantes durante todo o processo com uma densidade populacional média de 3.0 x 10(8) UFC/g. Os actinomicetos, principalmente os do gênero Streptomyces, estiveram bem representados, com uma densidade populacional de 2.0 a 3.0 x 10(8) UFC/g. Os fungos filamentosos foi a classe de microrganismos com menor densidade populacional e menor diversidade, embora a espécie Aspergillus fumigatus esteve presente durante todo o processo de compostagem e também após a pasteurização do composto.

Microbial diversity in a bagasse-based compost prepared for the production of Agaricus brasiliensis.

Edible mushrooms are renowned for their nutritional and medicinal properties and are thus of considerable commercial importance. Mushroom production depends on the chemical composition of the basic substrates and additional supplements employed in the compost as well as on the method of composting. In order to minimise the cost of mushroom production, considerable interest has been shown in the use of agro-industrial residues in the preparation of alternative compost mixtures. However, the interaction of the natural microbiota present in agricultural residues during the composting process greatly influences the subsequent colonisation by the mushroom. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify the microbiota present in a sugar cane bagasse and coast-cross straw compost prepared for the production of Agaricus brasilienses. Composting lasted for 14 days, during which time the substrates and additives were mixed every 2 days, and this was followed by a two-step steam pasteurisation (55 - 65°C; 15 h each step). Bacteria, (mainly Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. and members of the Enterobacteriaceae) were the predominant micro-organisms present throughout the composting process with an average population density of 3 x 10(8) CFU/g. Actinomycetes, and especially members of the genus Streptomyces, were well represented with a population density of 2 - 3 x 10(8) CFU/g. The filamentous fungi, however, exhibited much lower population densities and were less diverse than the other micro-organisms, although Aspergillus fumigatus was present during the whole composting process and after pasteurisation.

Microbial diversity in a bagasse-based compost prepared for the production of Agaricus brasiliensis

Edible mushrooms are renowned for their nutritional and medicinal properties and are thus of considerable commercial importance. Mushroom production depends on the chemical composition of the basic substrates and additional supplements employed in the compost as well as on the method of composting. In order to minimise the cost of mushroom production, considerable interest has been shown in the use of agro-industrial residues in the preparation of alternative compost mixtures. However, the interaction of the natural microbiota present in agricultural residues during the composting process greatly influences the subsequent colonisation by the mushroom. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify the microbiota present in a sugar cane bagasse and coast-cross straw compost prepared for the production of Agaricus brasilienses. Composting lasted for 14 days, during which time the substrates and additives were mixed every 2 days, and this was followed by a two-step steam pasteurisation (55 - 65ºC; 15 h each step). Bacteria, (mainly Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. and members of the Enterobacteriaceae) were the predominant micro-organisms present throughout the composting process with an average population density of 3 x 10(8) CFU/g. Actinomycetes, and especially members of the genus Streptomyces, were well represented with a population density of 2 - 3 x 10(8) CFU/g. The filamentous fungi, however, exhibited much lower population densities and were less diverse than the other micro-organisms, although Aspergillus fumigatus was present during the whole composting process and after pasteurisation.

Os cogumelos comestíveis são apreciados pelas suas propriedades nutricionais e medicinais e, por essa razão, possuem alto valor econômico. A produção de cogumelos depende da composição química dos substratos básicos, dos suplementos utilizados e da preparação do composto no qual o fungo será cultivado. Considerando-se que os custos de produção precisam ser minimizados, os resíduos agroindustriais representam uma fonte alternativa e econômica para a preparação do composto. A interação da microbiota natural dos resíduos agrícolas durante o processo de compostagem influencia a subseqüente colonização do cogumelo. Visando-se a produção de A. brasiliensis, o presente trabalho objetivou isolar e identificar a microbiota presente no composto preparado a partir de bagaço de cana e capim coast-cross. O processo de compostagem durou 14 dias com reviragens da pilha a cada dois dias, o qual foi seguido de pasteurização (55 65 ºC) em duas fases por 15 h cada. As bactérias (principalmente Bacillus, Paenibacillus e espécies da família Enterobacteriaceae) foram os microrganismos predominantes durante todo o processo com uma densidade populacional média de 3.0 x 10(8) UFC/g. Os actinomicetos, principalmente os do gênero Streptomyces, estiveram bem representados, com uma densidade populacional de 2.0 a 3.0 x 10(8) UFC/g. Os fungos filamentosos foi a classe de microrganismos com menor densidade populacional e menor diversidade, embora a espécie Aspergillus fumigatus esteve presente durante todo o processo de compostagem e também após a pasteurização do composto.

Sugar cane silage replacing sorghum silage for lactating cows / Silagem de cana-de-açúcar em substituição a silagem de sorgo granífero para vacas leiteiras

Twelve Holstein and Schwyz lactating cows were used in a switch-back trial to evaluate the following silages corrected to a same nitrogen level by addiction of cottonseed meal, to supply the required nutrients for maintenance and production of the eight first kg of milk per cow by day, concentrate meals being used to supplement the milk produced above this level: Treatment A) grain sorghum silage; Treatment B) 50% grain sorghum silage and 50% sugar cane silage; Treatment C) sugar cane silage. Milk production per cow per day was respectively 12.9 kg, 12.3 kg and 11.8 kg and treatment A was superior to C (p 0.05). Total dry matter consumption by 100 kg of body live-weight (3.0kg, 3.0kg and 2.8kg), as the TDN consumptions (9.2kg, 8.8kg and 8.0kg) for treatments A,B and C respectively, presented no statistical differences. Twelve Ideal breed lambs were used to run an apparent digestibility trial with the same treatments applied to the lactating cows: the dry matter digestibility values were 54.4%, 56.8% and 52.0% respectively for A,B and C treatments, with no statistical differences among them.

Doze vacas Holandesas e Schwyz foram utilizadas em um delineamento switch-back para avaliar os tratamentos constituídos das seguintes silagens, corrigidas para um mesmo nível protéico pela adição de proporções diferentes de farelo de algodão, de forma a garantir os nutrientes necessários para a mantença das fêmeas e ainda para a produção dos primeiros 8 quilogramas de leite por animal e por dia, havendo suplementação de mistura concentrada para as quantias de leite secretadas superiores a oito quilogramas: Tratamento A) silagem de sorgo granífero; Tratamento B) 50% de silagem de sorgo granífero e 50% de silagem de cana-de-açúcar; Tratamento C) silagem de cana-de-açúcar. As produções de leite por animal e por dia foram respectivamente 12,9 kg, 12,3 kg e 11,8 kg, sendo o tratamento A, significativamente superior ao C (p 0,05). O consumo de matéria seca total por 100 kg de peso vivo (3,0 kg, 3,0 kg e 2,8 kg), bem como o de nutrientes digestíveis totais (9,2 kg, 8,8 kg e 8,0 kg), respectivamente para os tratamentos A, B e C, não foram estatisticamente diferentes. Doze ovinos da raça Ideal prestaram-se para realizar prova de digestibilidade aparente com os mesmos tratamentos aplicados às vacas em lactação: os valores encontrados para digestibilidade da matéria seca foram 54,4%; 56,8% e 52,0%; para os tratamentos A, B e C, não sendo consideradas as diferenças estatisticamente sign

Comparison of whole sugar cane and corn silage as roughage for milking cows / Avaliação da cana-de-açúcar em substituição a silagem de milho para vacas leiteiras

Twelve Holstein and Brown Swiss cows were used in a switch-back design, with three treatments: A) corn silage + 1,50 kg soybean meal; B) 50% corn silage + 50% sugar cane + 2,25 kg soybean meal; C) sugar cane + 3.00 kg soybean meal. The females received concentrates on a daily basis of 1 kg per 2.5 kg of milk produced above 8 kg. The daily milk production (FCM) per cow was: A) 19,63 kg, B) 18,94 kg, C) 18.07 KG and differences were not significant (P>0.05). Treatments did not affect the fat content of milk or the live weight of the cow, but dry matter intake and total digestible nutrients decreased, when levels of sugar cane in the diets increased. In this trial, com silage and sugar cane were used with similar results, as roughages for dairy cows producing 18 kg milk by cow by day.

Doze vacas das raças Holandesas e Pardo Suiço produzindo 23 kg/dia em média foram utilizadas em delineamento tipo "switch-back" para avaliar os seguintes volumosos fornecidos à vontade e com quantidades fixas de farelo de soja ajustados para atender mantença mais produção diária dos primeiros 8 kg de leite: A) silagem de milho + 1,50 kg de farelo de soja; B) 50% de silagem de milho + 50% de cana-de-açúcar + 2,25 kg de farelo de soja; C) cana-de-açúcar + 3,00 kg de farelo de soja. As médias diárias de produção de leite, corrigidas à matéria graxa nos tratamentos foram: A = 19,63 kg e 3,57%, B) 18,94 kg e 3,50%. C) 18,07 kg e 3,46%, respectivamente, e não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P> 0,05). O consumo da matéria seca e de nutrientes digestíveis totais pelos animais diminuíram com o aumento de cana-de-açúcar nas dietas e atendidas as exigências das vacas em termos de MS, PB e NDT, foi possível substituir a silagem de milho por cana-de-açúcar, garantindo-se produções de leite semelhantes, em torno de 18,0 kg/animal/dia.