Optimization of ethanol extraction process for Yihuang powder by orthogonal experiment combined with AHP and GA-BP neural network / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder. METHODS An orthogonal experiment was designed by reflux extraction with ethanol volume fraction， liquid-to-material ratio， and extraction time as investigation factors. The parameters used were the contents of hesperidin， nobiletin， tangeretin， gallic acid， chebulagic acid， chebulinic acid， liquiritin， glycyrrhizin， eugenol， and the paste-forming rate. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to calculate the comprehensive score. The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters of Yihuang powder were determined by verifying the results predicted by orthogonal experiment and genetic algorithm （GA）-back propagation neural network （BP neural network）. RESULTS The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， as optimized by orthogonal experiment， were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 60%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g)， extraction time of 90 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 79.19. Meanwhile， the optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， optimized by GA-BP neural network， were ethanol volume fraction of 65%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g )， extraction time of 60 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 85.30， higher than the results obtained from orthogonal experiment. CONCLUSIONS The optimization method of orthogonal experiment combined with GA-BP neural network is superior to the traditional orthogonal experiment optimization method. The optimized ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder is stable and reliable.

Caferana seeds (Bunchosia glandulifera) as a new source of nutrients: Evaluation of the proximal composition, solvent extraction, bioactive compounds, and δ-lactam isolation.

The proximal composition, amino acid, carbohydrate, and volatile profiles of caferana (Bunchosia glandulifera) seeds flour were here assessed. Seeds were also subjected to the following extraction processes: one with pressurized ethanol (PLE) and two with ethanol + supercritical CO2 mixture at different temperatures and pressures (SC1 and SC2). Extracts were characterized in terms of caffeine, total phenolic, and δ-lactam. The characterization of caferana seed and its extracts is unprecedented in terms of carbohydrate and volatiles profiles, besides the δ-lactam identification/isolation. SC2 extract exhibited a higher caffeine (9.3 mg/g) and δ-lactam (29.4 mg/g) content, whereas the PLE extract contained a higher total phenolic amount (3.0 mgGAE/g). Caferana is regionally associated to protective effects on mental health. Its byproduct (seed) revealed to be a promising source of bioactive compounds, and a potential raw material of nutritive extracts and flours that can be incorporated into pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food products.

Study on preparation technology of Compound Jianshen Granules / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the extracting and processing conditions of Compound Jianshen Granules (CJG). Methods: UV analytical methods of total saponin and total polysaccharides were established, the optimal ethanol extraction process and water extraction process were confirmed according to single factor and orthogonal design test. The influence of different excipients and wetting agents were investigated, taking forming rate, solubility, and absorption rate as indexes, the materials added prescription varieties, ratio, and optimum molding process were screened. Results: The optimal ethanol extraction technology of CJG was: 85% ethanol, 10-fold, extracting for three times, 2 h once. The optimal water extraction technology was 14-fold, decocting 3 times, 30 min once. The optimized conditions of CJG were obtained with: accessories for the dextrin: lactose (4:1), main drug-accessories (1:1), with 85% ethanol as wetting agent which accounted for 15% of the main drug. Conclusion: The extraction process and forming process are feasible and stable, and the quality is controllable.

Optimization of ethanol extraction process of Psoraleae Fructus-Myristicae Semen drug pair by orthogonal test combined with fingerprint / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the ethanol extraction process of Psoraleae Fructus-Myristicae Semen (psoralen-nutmeg) drug pair. Methods: Using L9(34) orthogonal design, the effects of ethanol concentration, ethanol amount, extraction time, and extraction times on the extraction process were investigated. The contents of psoralen, isopsoralen, and dehydrodiisoeugenol, dry extract yield, and total area of HPLC fingerprint characteristic peaks were used as comprehensive evaluation indexes. Results: The optimum process conditions were as follows: 50% ethanol, six times of the ethanol volume, extracted for three times, each time for 2 h. Conclusion: The method provides the basis for the determination of ethanol extraction process of Psoraleae Fructus-Myristicae Semen drug pair.