Evaluation of the efficacy of labor induction with vaginal misoprostol in a low-risk pregnant women population

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate and predictors of labor induction using vaginal misoprostol in a low-risk pregnant women population. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was carried out with 196 pregnant women. Groups 2 and 4 of the Robson Classification admitted for induction of labor with vaginal misoprostol (25 μg tablets every 6 h, up to 4 tablets, for a maximum of 24 h). The success of labor induction was considered the achievement of vaginal delivery. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the best predictors of successful induction of labor with vaginal misoprostol. RESULTS: Of all the pregnant women analyzed, 140 (71.4%) were successful and 56 (28.6%) were unsuccessful. Pregnant women who achieved successful induction had a higher number of pregnancies (1.69 vs. 1.36, p=0.023), a higher number of deliveries (0.57 vs. 0.19, p<0.001), a higher Bishop score (2.0 vs. 1.38, p=0.002), and lower misoprostol 25 μg tablets (2.18 vs. 2.57, p=0.031). No previous deliveries [x2(1)=3.14, odds ratio (OR): 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10-0.57, R2 Nagelkerke: 0.91, p=0.001] and the presence of one previous delivery [x2(1)=6.0, OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.13-10.16, R2 Nagelkerke: 0.043, p=0.029] were significant predictors of successful induction of labor with vaginal misoprostol. CONCLUSION: A high rate of labor induction success using vaginal misoprostol in a low-risk population was observed, mainly in multiparous and with gestational age>41 weeks. No previous delivery decreased the success of labor induction, while one previous delivery increased the success of labor induction.

A (im)possibilidade de ser mulher e mãe com deficiência: uma revisão integrativa / La (im)possibilidad de ser mujer y madre con deficiencia: una revisíon integradora / The (im)possibility of being a woman and a mother with disabilities: an integrative review

Objetivo: Integrar e analisar os estudos empíricos acerca do conhecimento produzido sobre a vivência da sexualidade e da maternidade de mulheres com deficiência. Método: Revisão Integrativa de Literatura realizada com 17 artigos levantados nas bases de dados Literature and Retrivial System on Line, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scopus e Cinahl, sendo utilizada a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Identificaram-se sentimentos de exclusão e estigma diante da sexualidade e maternidade; falta de educação sexual e reprodutiva à mulher com deficiência, decorrente da imagem social destas mulheres; poucos profissionais de saúde capacitados para orientar e acolher essas mulheres diante da maternidade, durante e após o processo gravídico puerperal. Considerações finais: A sexualidade e a maternidade das mulheres com deficiência são influenciadas pelo seu reconhecimento social e profissional como pessoas produtivas, capazes de exercer sua autonomia, além da importância de profissionais de saúde capacitados para lidar com as diferenças individuais.

Objetivo: Integrar y analizar los estudios empíricos acerca del conocimiento producido sobre la vivencia de la sexualidad y de la maternidad de mujeres con deficiencia. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada con 17 artículos buscados en las bases de datos Literature and Retrieval System on Line, Directory of Open Access Journal, Scopus y Cinahl, siendo utilizada el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: se han identificado sentimientos de exclusión y estigma delante de la sexualidad y maternidad; falta de educación sexual y reproductiva para mujeres con deficiencia que decorre de la imagen social de estas mujeres; pocos profesionales de salud capacitados para orientar y acoger estas mujeres delante de la maternidad, mientras y después del ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Consideraciones finales: La sexualidad y la maternidad de las mujeres con deficiencia son influenciadas por su reconocimiento social y profesional como personas productivas, capaces de ejercer su autonomía, además de la importancia de los profesionales de salud capacitados para manejar las diferencias individuales.

Objective: To integrate and analyze empirical studies on the knowledge produced about the sexuality and motherhood experiences of women with disabilities. Method: An Integrative Literature Review carried out with 17 articles collected in the Literature and Retrieval System on Line, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scopus and CINAHL databases, using thematic content analysis. Results: Feelings of exclusion and stigma towards sexuality and motherhood were identified; as well as lack of sexual and reproductive education for women with disabilities, resulting from their social image; and scarcity of health professionals duly trained to guide and welcome women in the face of motherhood, both during and after the pregnancy-puerperal process. Final considerations: The sexuality and motherhood of women with disabilities are influenced by their social and professional recognition as productive people, capable of exercising their autonomy, in addition to the importance of health professionals duly trained to deal with individual differences.

Avaliação psicológica hospitalar: experiência de parametrização de intervenções assistenciais em maternidade-escola de alto risco / Hospital psychological assessment: experience of parameterisation of maternity-high-risk school care interventions / Evaluación psicológica hospitalaria: experiencia de la parametrización de las intervenciones de asistencia en maternidad escolar de alto riesgo

Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de parametrização de intervenções de avaliação psicológica hospitalar de gestantes e puérperas internadas em situação de alto risco. Relato de experiencia: A atividade foi empreendida em Maternidade-Escola pública de alta complexidade, referência em alto risco, em Teresina, Piauí, de abril a junho de 2023, circunscrita ao Estágio Supervisionado Profissionalizante em Psicologia da Saúde. A partir da imersão no campo para articulação ensino-serviço, com supervisão teórico- prática semanal in loco (presencial) e mediante reuniões síncronas (Google Meet), realizou-se debates sobre as experiências de ensino-aprendizagem e para confecção de uma proposta de roteiro de exame e avaliação psicológica, com o intuito de nortear a atuação dos estagiários, bem como de contribuir com o robustecimento da instrumentalização e orientação das intervenções assistenciais de psicologia na instituição hospitalar. A proposta de instrumento orientador desenvolvido possui doze partes: identificação; motivo da hospitalização; situação de saúde; situação de crise; exame psíquico; sono; sintomas psicossomáticos emergentes; sentido da vida; maternagem e cuidado ao bebê; estratégias de coping; síntese; hipótese diagnóstica. Considerações finais: O roteiro de exame e avaliação psicológica robustece a parametrização de intervenções de psicologia em saúde nos hospitais; vivifica o desenvolvimento e fortalecimento de competências e habilidades para conduzir a avaliação psicológica hospitalar de maneira eficiente, técnica, ética, que dignifique o cuidado perinatal materno sob a égide da integralidade e baseado em evidências.

Objective: To present the experience of parameterisation of hospital psychological evaluation interventions of pregnant women and those who have recently given birth in a high risk situation. Experience report: The activity was undertaken in Maternity-High complexity public school, reference in high risk, in Teresina, Piauí, from April to June 2023, circumscribed to the Supervised Professional Internship in Health Psychology. From immersion in the field for teaching-service articulation, with weekly theoretical-practical supervision in loco (in person) and through synchronous meetings (Google Meet), debates were held on teaching-learning experiences and to prepare a proposal for a roadmap for psychological examination and evaluation, with the aim of guiding the work of trainees, as well as contributing to the strengthening of the instrumentalisation and orientation of psychological assistance interventions in the hospital institution. The proposed guiding instrument developed has twelve parts: identification; reason for hospitalisation; health situation; crisis situation; psychic examination; sleep; emerging psychosomatic symptoms; sense of life; maternity and baby care; coping strategies; synthesis; diagnostic hypothesis. Concluding considerations: The psychological examination and assessment roadmap strengthens the parametrisation of health psychology interventions in hospitals; it vivifies the development and strengthening of competencies and skills to conduct hospital psychological assessment in an efficient, technical, ethical manner, that dignifies maternal perinatal care under the aegis of completeness and evidence-based.

Propósito: Proporcionar la experiencia de parametrización de las intervenciones de evaluación psicológica hospitalaria de las mujeres embarazadas y las personas que adoptan a temprana edad en situaciones de alto riesgo. Informe de la experiencia: La actividad se realizó en la Escuela Maternidad-Pública de alta complejidad, una referencia de alto riesgo en Teresina, Piauí, de abril a junio de 2023, limitada a la Etapa altamente profesional supervisada en Psicología de la Salud. A raíz de la inmersión en el ámbito de la vinculación entre la educación y los servicios, con la supervisión teórico-práctica in loco (asistencia) y mediante reuniones sincrónicas (Google Meet), se celebraron debates sobre las experiencias de enseñanza-aprendizaje y una propuesta de hoja de ruta para el examen y la evaluación psicológicos, con el fin de orientar la labor de los pasantes y contribuir a fortalecer la instrumentalización y orientación de las intervenciones de asistencia psicológica en el hospital. La propuesta de un instrumento de orientación desarrollada consta de doce partes: identificación; motivo de hospitalización; situación de salud; situación de crisis; examen psicológico; sueño; síntomas psicosomáticos emergentes; sentido de la vida; maternidad y cuidado del bebé; estrategias de afrontamiento; síntesis; hipótesis diagnósticas. Consideraciones finales: La hoja de ruta para el examen y la evaluación psicológicos fortalece la parametrización de las intervenciones de psicología sanitaria en los hospitales; ilustra el desarrollo y el fortalecimiento de las aptitudes y capacidades para llevar a cabo una evaluación psicológica hospitalaria de manera eficiente, técnica y ética que dignifica la atención perinatal materna bajo los auspicios de la exhaustividad y basada en pruebas.

Avaliação da atenção ao parto e nascimento nas maternidades da Rede Cegonha: os caminhos metodológicos / Assessment of delivery and childbirth care in the maternity units of Rede Cegonha: the methodological paths

Resumo Este artigo descreve o método utilizado na avaliação de práticas de cuidado ao parto e nascimento em maternidades da Rede Cegonha. Apresenta os critérios de seleção das maternidades, as diretrizes avaliadas, seus dispositivos e itens de verificação, o método utilizado para coleta das informações e o tratamento dos dados para obtenção dos resultados. Dialoga a respeito das diretrizes escolhidas e da estratégia de devolutiva dos resultados aos gestores e serviços, e discute seu potencial para fomentar processos de qualificação da gestão e atenção obstétrica e neonatal. Trata-se de estudo das práticas de atenção ao parto e nascimento de 606 maternidades selecionadas para o segundo ciclo avaliativo da Rede Cegonha. Os caminhos metodológicos primaram pela construção de corresponsabilidade tripartite para com o processo e os resultados da avaliação, com ênfase na sua utilidade para os tomadores de decisão e instituições hospitalares envolvidas.

Abstract This article describes the methodology used to evaluate delivery and childbirth care practices in maternity hospitals that belong to the Rede Cegonha, according to scientific evidence and rights guarantee. It shows the maternity selection criteria, the evaluated guidelines, their devices and check items, the method used to collect information and the treatment of data to obtain the results. It discusses the chosen guidelines and the strategy of returning results to managers and services and discusses their potential to foster management qualification processes and obstetric and neonatal care. This is a study of delivery and childbirth care practices of 606 maternity hospitals selected for the second evaluation cycle of the Rede Cegonha. The methodological paths stood out for the construction of tripartite co-responsibility for the process and the evaluation results, with an emphasis on its usefulness for the decision-makers and the hospital institutions involved.

Combined pro-breastfeeding practices are advantageous in facilities providing maternity and newborn services.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between a set of pro-breastfeeding practices in facilities providing maternity and newborn services and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 30 days postpartum, considering the contribution of each practice. A cross-sectional study nested within a cohort study was conducted with 287 women who delivered healthy term infants in two hospitals in southern Brazil. They were interviewed at home at 30 days postpartum. The following practices were evaluated: skin-to-skin contact soon after birth, breastfeeding in the first hour, uninterrupted rooming-in, professional support with breastfeeding, breastfeeding guidance, encouragement to breastfeed on demand, no supplementation with infant formula, and no pacifier use. A score of pro-breastfeeding practices was calculated using a logistic model, which allowed each practice to have its discriminatory capacity and difficulty estimated individually. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between exclusive breastfeeding at 30 days and the pro-breastfeeding practice score. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 30 days was 61.7%. The practices with greatest discriminatory capacity, that is, those that contributed most to the score estimates, were professional support with breastfeeding, breastfeeding guidance, and encouragement to breastfeed on demand. The most difficult ones were breastfeeding in the first hour, encouragement to breastfeed on demand, and non-utilization of infant formula. For each unit (standard deviation) of increase in the score, there was an increase of 20% in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 30 days. We conclude that the set of pro-breastfeeding practices assessed here increased the effect of these practices on exclusive breastfeeding rates at 30 days.

External evaluation and self-monitoring of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative's maternity hospitals in Brazil.

Background: In Brazil, the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) proposes following the criteria, the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding", International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and Good birth and delivery practices. Brazilian Baby-Friendly Hospitals are reassessed triennially by external evaluators and annually by self-monitoring. This study aimed to verify if the self-monitoring system fulfills its role of enabling accredited hospitals to assess and improve their compliance with the BFHI criteria. In this sense, we will analyze the self-monitoring evaluation results and compare them with those of the external reassessment. Methods: This descriptive evaluation study of the compliance with the BFHI criteria by the Brazilian Baby-Friendly Hospitals by self-monitoring evaluators from 2010 to 2015 and by external evaluators in 2015. Results: Self-monitoring was performed in all years from 2010 to 2015 by 143 BFHI accredited hospitals. The trend of the levels of compliance with BFHI's criteria according to self-monitoring evaluations was stable over the assessed period. Most criteria presented compliance above 70%, except Step 4 (skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the first hour of life), with mean compliance of 67%. Steps 1 (written policy), 7 (rooming-in) and 9 (give no artificial teats) showed mean compliance above 90%. Regarding the external evaluation carried out in 2015, the criteria with lowest compliance were Step 4 and Woman-Friendly care, both below 50%. Steps 9 and 10 (refer mothers to breastfeeding support groups) reached levels of compliance above 90%. For 2015, self-monitoring provided significant higher compliance levels than those from external evaluations in most criteria, except Step 3 (prenatal information on breastfeeding) and Step 10. There was a difference of more than 30% points between evaluations of Steps 1 (written policy), 2 (training), 5 (show mothers how to breastfeed), Woman-Friendly Care and father or mother stay with their newborn. Conclusions: The self-monitoring system fulfilled partially its role of allowing accredited hospitals to self-assess and improve rates of compliance with BFHI criteria. Future trainings of hospital managers need to address difficulties and identify solutions to improve implementation of Steps 4 and 6.

Timing of interventions in the delivery room: does reality compare with neonatal resuscitation guidelines?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of infants who had the tasks recommended in the neonatal resuscitation guidelines performed within 30 and 60 seconds of birth, and the time taken to perform each task. STUDY DESIGN: From video recordings in delivery rooms, we determined the time from birth and arrival on a resuscitation table to warm, assess heart rate (HR), attach an oximeter, and provide respiratory support for each infant. We determined the proportion of infants who had these tasks completed by 30 and 60 seconds, and the median time taken to perform each task. RESULTS: We reviewed and analyzed data from 189 infants (median gestational age, 29 weeks [IQR, 27-34 weeks]; median birth weight, 1220 g [IQR, 930-2197 g]). Twelve infants (6%) were not on the resuscitation table within 30 seconds of birth. Less than 10% of infants were placed in polyethylene bags or had their HR determined by 30 seconds. By 60 seconds, 48% were in polyethylene bags, 33% had their HR determined, 38% received respiratory support, and 60% had an oximeter attached. The median time taken to perform all tasks was greater than that recommended in the guidelines. CONCLUSION: Most newborns were not managed within the time frame recommended in resuscitation guidelines. The recommended 30- and 60-second intervals may be too short.

Embarazo múltiple / Multiple pregnancy

Se presenta el caso clínico de una fémina con embarazo múltiple, obesa, hipertensa y con antecedente de riesgo obstétrico, quien estuvo durante más de una semana en el Hospital Materno de Palma Soriano hasta su traslado para el Ginecoobstétrico "Mariana Grajales Coello" de Santiago de Cuba, donde se detectaron una exagerada ganancia ponderal (17,5 kg) y grandes posibilidades de aparición de preeclampsia, que al producirse a las 31,3 semanas, obligó a interrumpir la gravidez. Por medio de una cesárea se extrajo a las 4 niñas, cuya madre evolucionó satisfactoriamente luego de haber permanecido ingresada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos durante 72 horas.

Tha case report of a hipertensive obese woman with multiple pregnancy and obstetric risk history is presented, who was for over a week in Palma Soriano Maternity Hospital until she moved to "Mariana Grajales Coello" Gynecoobstetric Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, where an exaggerated weight gain (17,5 kg) and a high potential for developing pre-eclampsia were detected, which occurred at 31,3 weeks and forced to interrupt the pregnancy. By means of caesarean section 4 girls were extracted, whose mother made good progress after her admission to the Intensive Care Unit for 72 hours.

Imágenes ecográficas de la mola hidatiforme parcial en el segundo trimestre del embarazo / Ultrasound imaging of partial hydatidiform mole in the second trimester of pregnancy

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 27 años de edad y 18 semanas de gestación, ingresada en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Provincial "Mariana Grajales Coello" de Santiago de Cuba, por presentar cifras tensionales elevadas, cefalea y dolor en bajo vientre. Los exámenes complementarios efectuados confirmaron que se trataba de una mola hidatiforme parcial, por lo cual se legró la cavidad uterina y se extrajeron pequeños fragmentos de estroma endometrial para estudio anatomopatológico. Se indicó seguimiento médico por consulta externa y se citó a los 21 días para el control y la evaluación de su estado general.

The case report of a 27 year-old patient with 18 weeks gestation, admitted to the Obstetrics Department of "Mariana Grajales Coello" Provincial Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Santiago de Cuba due to high blood pressure, cephalea and pain in lower abdomen is described. Additional tests confirmed a partial hydatidiform mole, so that uterine curettage was performed and small fragments of endometrial stroma were removed for pathological study. Outpatient medical monitoring was recommended and the patient had an appointment at 21 days for controlling and evaluating her general state.

Dimensão relacional da atividade de cuidado e condições de trabalho de auxiliares de enfermagem em uma unidade neonatal / The relational dimension of the care activity and the working conditions in a neonatal unit

Este artigo analisa as condições de trabalho de auxiliares de enfermagem que atuam em Unidade Neonatal, considerando a dimensão relacional da atividade de cuidado. Tendo como principais referências epistemológicas a concepção canguilhemiana de saúde e a perspectiva ergológica, a pesquisa se pautou em abordagens clínicas do trabalhar, incluindo métodos diretos (observações), indiretos (conversas e encontros sobre o trabalho com as auxiliares) e análise de documentos relativos às normas antecedentes desse trabalho. Analisou-se fundamentalmente a produção linguageira dos coletivos. Entre os resultados encontrados, destacam-se: o desenvolvimento dessa atividade de cuidado implica intensa mobilização das trabalhadoras; a possibilidade de não atender às mães que chegam para ter seus bebês parece ser mais nocivo à saúde dessas profissionais do que trabalhar com um número excessivo de pacientes. Concluiu-se que as condições precárias de trabalho são potencialmente produtoras de sofrimento patogênico, uma vez que a realização prazerosa e bem-sucedida dessa atividade é dificultada.

This paper focuses on the working conditions of nursing technicians of Neonatal Units, considering the relational dimension of the care activity. Having as main epistemological references Canguilhem's concept of health of and the Ergological perspective, the research was based on the clinical approaches of work, including the following methods: direct (observations) and indirect (talks and meetings about work with the technicians); analysis of documents on the previous norms concerning this work. The analysis dealt basically with the groups' language production. Some results can be highlighted: the development of this care activity implies intense mobilization of workers; the possibility of not assisting the mothers who arrive to have their babies seems to be more noxious to these technicians than to work with an overload of patients; the precarious conditions of work are producers of pathogenic suffering, once the pleasant and well-succeeded realization of this activity is hindered.

A formação da equipe de enfermeiros obstétricos em uma maternidade do Rio de Janeiro: desafios e conquistas para educação permanente: estudo de caso / The training team obstetric nursing in a maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro: achievements and challenges for continuing education: case study

O presente estudo detalha o processo de trabalho na capacitação e treinamento de Enfermeiros Obstétricos, desenvolvido em uma Maternidade no Município do Rio de Janeiro. O pesquisador teve como objetivo principal identificar como foi desenvolvido este treinamento, reconhecendo e discutindo suas estratégias de aquisição de competências e habilidades indispensáveis para o manejo do acompanhamento durante o trabalho de parto de sua clientela trazendo e desvendando suas experiências, desafios e conquistas. O universo e amostra foram baseados em profissionais enfermeiros obstétricos nesta unidade de saúde, convidados a participar do estudo. Esta pesquisa teve como base fundamental a discussão na formação da Equipe de Enfermeiros Obstétricos no Hospital Maternidade Oswaldo Nazareth ­ Praça XV, identificando suas necessidades e instrumentalizando esses profissionais para uma boa prática assistencial ao parto. Os métodos e técnicas empregadas foram de estudo descritivo, exploratório e participante que contribuiu com a formalização de um protocolo assistencial ao parto e nascimento. Durante o processo de treinamento efetivo, pôde-se então comprovar a mudança no comportamento técnico após aquisição de competências e habilidades e a assistência gerada teve um impacto positivo para o cuidado materno-fetal, o que se torna como elemento primordial de uma estratégia pedagógica, para que seja uma ação norteadora ao treinamento de outras equipes de enfermeiros obstétricos no âmbito da saúde pública e privada do Brasil e em outros Países

This study details the process of working on capacity building and training of nurse midwives, developed a maternity in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The researchers were aimed at identifying how well designed this training, recognizing and discussing their strategies for acquiring skills and abilities necessary to manage the monitoring during the labor of bringing its customers and discovering their experiences, challenges and achievements. The universe and sample were based on professional obstetric nurses in this health unit were invited to participate in the study. This research was based on fundamental discussion on the formation of Team Nursing Maternity Obstetric Hospital Oswaldo Nazareth - Praça XV, identifying their needs and equipping these professionals to practice good health care delivery. The methodology was descriptive, exploratory study and a participant who contributed to the formalization of a protocol for care delivery and birth. During the process of effective training, we could then confirm the change in behavior after the acquisition of technical skills and abilities and assistance generated caused major positive impact on maternal-fetal care, leaving as a major element for a technical tool that is a pedagogical strategy guiding the training of other teams of obstetric nurses in the public and private health in Brazil and other countries

Conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno de parturientes e prática de aleitamento cruzado na Unidade Hospitalar e Maternidade Venâncio Raimundo de Sousa – Horizonte - Ceará / Knowledge of breastfeeding mothers and breastfeeding practice in cross and Maternity Hospital Unit Venancio de Sousa Raimundo - Horizonte - Ceará

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento e as práticas de aleitamento materno e de aleitamento cruzado de parturientes internadas em um Hospital e Maternidade da região nordeste brasileira, com vistas ao desenvolvimento futuro de projetos educacionais de encorajamento à amamentação em Horizonte, Ceará. SUJEITOS E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma amostra de 120 mães internadas em alojamento conjunto na Unidade Hospitalar e Maternidade Venâncio Raimundo de Sousa, Horizonte, Ceará, no período de janeiro a abril de 2008. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado às mães nas primeiras 24 horas após o parto contendo perguntas sobre características sócio econômicas, assistência pré-natal, conhecimentos e práticas em aleitamento materno e em aleitamento cruzado. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das mães (86 %) vivia com o companheiro, 25 % eram adolescentes e 20 % exerciam trabalho remunerado, a renda mediana encontrando-se entre um e dois salários mínimos. Embora todas tenham realizado consultas de pré-natal, 56 % não tiveram as mamas examinadas e 30 % não receberam qualquer orientação sobre aleitamento materno. Quanto aos conhecimentos das puérperas sobre a amamentação exclusiva, 89 % das mulheres informaram que sua duração deveria ser até os seis meses, enquanto 14 % achavam que deveria ser administrada água e chá e 4 % que deveria ser oferecido suco. A maioria (81 %) afirmou ser necessário oferecer os dois seios a cada mamada ao lactente. Dentre as mulheres multíparas, 88 % já tiveram a vivência da amamentação, sendo a duração mediana de aleitamento materno do último filho de nove meses. A maior parte dos companheiros (75 %) e dos familiares (70 %) considerou que amamentar é importante. O aleitamento cruzado foi praticado por 32 % das multíparas, predominantemente com parentes. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo mostrou a necessidade de instrumentalização da rede básica de saúde em procedimentos de promoção, proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and the practice on breastfeeding and cross-nursing among parturient women at a maternity-hospital in Northeast Brazil. The goal was to show the importance of developing educational projects to encourage breastfeeding in the city of Horizonte, Ceará. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Venâncio Raimundo de Sousa Maternity Hospital, located in Horizonte, Ceará, Brazil. A sample of 120 rooming-in mothers were interviewed between January and April, 2008. A structured questionnaire was applied during the first day after labor. Mother’s social economic conditions, reproductive history, prenatal care, level ofknowledge and practice on breastfeeding and cross-nursing were investigated. RESULTS: Most mothers (86%) lived with their partners and 25% were adolescents. Only 20% wereworking mothers, the median payment being from one to two minimum wages. All of them had prenatal care, but 56% did not have their breasts examined and 30% did not receive any advice on breastfeeding during prenatal care. Most mothers (89%) affirmed that exclusive breastfeeding should last for 6 months, 14% considered that babies should be offered water or tea and 4% juices. Most mothers (81%) considered that both breasts should be offered eachtime to the baby. Among the multiparous women, 88% had already breastfed. The median duration of previous breastfeeding was of 9 months. Most part of mother’s partners (75%) andrelatives (70%) considered that breastfeeding is important. Cross-nursing had been practiced by 32% of them, mainly with a kin. CONCLUSIONS: The research has shown the need of implementing breastfeeding promotion, protection and support in prenatal units, in order toimprove mothers knowledge and practices on breastfeeding.

Mulheres, imprensa e higiene: a medicalização do parto na Bahia (1910-1927) / Women, the press, and hygiene: the medicalization of birth in Bahia (1910-1927)

Discute a inserção da imprensa leiga como veículo de disseminação da agenda higienista na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, em princípios do século XX. Os alvos dos articulistas foram o parto medicalizado e os novos padrões de atenção ao corpo feminino e aos recém-nascidos. A Maternidade Climério de Oliveira contou com o apoio irrestrito da imprensa, que não poupou esforços para apresentar esse espaço como ideal para o parto hospitalar.

Doze anos de evolução da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança no Brasil / Twelve years of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança no Brasil de 1992 a 2004. MÉTODOS: Este estudo descritivo retrospectivo investigou o número de Hospitais Amigos da Criança (HAC) credenciados por ano de 1992 a 2004, sua distribuição por estado e região, o número de municípios com HAC e o número de partos ocorridos em 294 HAC do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em 2004. Os dados foram obtidos em consulta ao Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Ministério da Saúde, às Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde e em relatórios da Área de Aleitamento Materno do Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS: De 1992 a 2004 foram credenciados 312 HAC no Brasil, distribuídos em 24 estados e no Distrito Federal. Desses, um foi descredenciado e 10 foram desativados. A distribuição regional dos 301 HAC existentes em 2004 foi: 139 no Nordeste, 59 no Sudeste, 50 no Sul, 37 no Centro-Oeste e 16 no Norte. Nos anos de 1997, 2003 e 2004 ocorreram quedas bruscas no credenciamento de HAC no País. Em 2004, dos 4 347 hospitais com leitos obstétricos do SUS, 294 (6,8 por cento) eram HAC. Dos 3 346 municípios onde existem hospitais com leitos obstétricos do SUS, 205 (6,1 por cento) possuem HAC. Ocorreram 2 227 971 partos nos hospitais do SUS em 2004, e desses, 565 990 (25,4 por cento) foram realizados nos HAC. CONCLUSÃO: O número de HAC é muito pequeno quando comparado ao número de hospitais com leitos obstétricos do SUS no Brasil. A desaceleração no credenciamento e a desativação de HAC registrados, sobretudo nos últimos anos, alertam para a necessidade de iniciativas para expandir e manter os HAC no País.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in Brazil from 1992 to 2004. METHODS: This retrospective descriptive study of the BFHI in Brazil examined the number of Baby-Friendly Hospitals (BFH) accredited per year from 1992 to 2004, state and regional distribution of the hospitals, the number of municipalities with a BFH, and the number of births at the 294 BFH that were participating in Brazil's universal, public health care system (Serviço Único de Saúde) in 2004. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Health's Hospital Information System, from state health departments, and from Ministry of Health's reports on breastfeeding. RESULTS: From 1992 to 2004, a total of 312 hospitals were BFH-accredited across 24 of Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District. Of these, one had lost accreditation and 10 had been deactivated by the end of the study period. The regional distribution of the 301 remaining BFH in 2004 was: 139 in the Northeast, 59 in the Southeast, 50 in the South, 37 in the Midwest, and 16 in the North. A sharp drop in the accreditation rate was recorded in certain years: 1997, 2003, and 2004. In 2004, 294 (6.8 percent) of the 4 347 public hospitals with maternity beds were BFH. Of the 3 346 municipalities that had public hospitals with maternity beds, 205 (6.1 percent) also had BFH. In 2004, there were 2 227 971 births in public hospitals, of which 565 990 (25.4 percent) occurred in BFH. CONCLUSION: The number of BFH in Brazil is relatively small when compared to the number of public hospitals with maternity beds. The decreased accreditation rate and the deactivation of accredited BFH, especially in the latter years of the study, indicate the need for measures that will bolster and grow the BFHI in Brazil.

The humanization of birth experience at the University of Santa Catarina maternity hospital.

The Federal University of Santa Catarina (FUSC) Maternity Hospital (UH) initiated its activities on October 24, 1995, after several years of interdisciplinary committee work. The Committee based its work on the principles of humanization and interdisciplinarity. In this report we describe the process by which these services were implemented in this hospital, emphasizing the difficulties and possibilities of such an interdisciplinary project, the philosophical principles which guided the process, the work being carried out and the opinion of the clients on the care that they received. The work carried out at the UH generated a number of changes in the care and teaching of obstetrics at different professional levels. The maintenance of the basic principals of this work has, however, proved to be a continuous challenge with a constant struggle to ensure that the philosophy is adhered to by professionals and students, which strongly depends upon a continual educational process.