Composition of Slow-Growing Male Chicken's Meat and Bone Quality as Affected by Dietary Moringa oleifera Lam. Meal.

This study investigated the impact of Moringa oleifera Lam. meal (MOM) on meat nutritional properties and bone quality of slow-growing layer-type male chickens raised in semi-intensive conditions. A total of 198, 72-d-old Dominant Blue D 107 male chickens, with an average weight of 1093 ± 15.2 g, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments supplemented with 0, 3, and 6% of MOM that corresponded to T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Each treatment, consisting of six replicated floor pens of 11 birds, had access to the outdoors for 49 days. The results showed that breast muscle ash percentage was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in T2 in comparison to the T1 group. Meat dry matter, protein, and fat content were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05). Regardless of the treatments, oleic acid (C18:1N9C) was numerically more abundant in the breast than in the leg muscle. Alternatively, femoral and tibial lengths were shorter (P ≤ 0.05) in birds fed 3% MOM than the two other groups. Moreover, birds fed with MOM had greater tibial diameter (P ≤ 0.05) than those that were fed without MOM. In addition, bone ash content and phosphorous amount were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in birds fed 6% MOM compared to those fed without MOM. The data of this study indicate that up to 6% of MOM may be added to the diet of slow-growing layer-type male chickens raised with outdoor access under tropical conditions to improve bone quality traits.

Effects of a Polyherbal Dietary Additive on Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Blood Metabolites of Finishing Lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of a polyherbal additive (PA) containing hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, and essential oils on productive performance, dietary energetics, carcass and meat characteristics, and blood metabolites of lambs in their finishing phase. Twenty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (20.52 ± 0.88 kg body weight (BW)) were housed in individual pens and assigned to four treatments (n = 7) with different doses of PA: 0 (CON), 1 (PA1), 2 (PA2), and 3 (PA3) g of PA kg−1 of DM for 56 days. Compared to the CON, lambs in PA1 treatment had higher average daily gain (p = 0.03), higher dietary energy utilization (p = 0.01), greater backfat thickness (p = 0.02), greater Longissimus dorsi muscle area (p = 0.01), and better feed conversion ratio (p = 0.02). PA supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) dry matter intake, carcass yield, biometric measures, and meat chemical composition. All hematological and most of the blood biochemical parameters were similar in lambs of all treatments (p > 0.05). However, compared to the CON, lambs assigned to the PA3 treatment had lower serum urea concentration (p = 0.05) and higher serum albumin concentration (p = 0.03). In conclusion, low doses of PA could be used as a growth promoter in finishing lambs without affecting dry matter intake, carcass yield, meat chemical composition, and health status of the lambs. However, more in vivo research is needed to better understand the impact of bioactive compounds from PA used on productivity, metabolism, and health status of finishing lambs.

Genomic selection for meat quality traits in Nelore cattle.

The objective of this study was to present heritability estimates and accuracy of genomic prediction using different methods for meat quality traits in Nelore cattle. Approximately 5000 animals with phenotypes and genotypes of 412,000 SNPs, were divided into two groups: (1) training population: animals born from 2008 to 2013 and (2) validation population: animals born in 2014. A single-trait animal model was used to estimate heritability and to adjust the phenotype. The methods of GBLUP, Improved Bayesian Lasso and Bayes Cπ were performed to estimate the SNP effects. Accuracy of genomic prediction was calculated using Pearson's correlations between direct genomic values and adjusted phenotypes, divided by the square root of heritability of each trait (0.03-0.19). The accuracies varied from 0.23 to 0.73, with the lowest accuracies estimated for traits associated with fat content and the greatest accuracies observed for traits of meat color and tenderness. There were small differences in genomic prediction accuracy between methods.

Subsequent Effect of Dietary Lysine Regimens Fed in the Starter Phase on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Chemical Composition of Aseel Chicken in the Grower Phase

This study was designed to examine carryover effect of dietary lysine (Lys) levels fed during the starter phase on the growth performance of three varieties of Aseel chickens. A total of 378 birds (126 from each variety) derived from a previous experiment, in which birds were distributed according a randomized block design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, were evaluated from 7-18 weeks of age. Treatments consisted of three varieties of Aseel chicken [(Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW) and Lakha (LK)] fed three dietary Lys regimes (high, medium and low) during the starter phase (0-6 weeks). In the present experiment, the performance parameters, carcass traits, and meat chemical composition six replicates of seven birds per treatment were evaluated. The MW variety exhibited higher weight gain and better feed to gain ratio (p 0.05). Previous medium dietary Lys regimen improved weight gain, feed to gain ratio, final weight gain (p0.05). Birds previously fed medium dietary Lys showed higher thigh dry matter content (p 0.05), and those previously fed low Lys significantly higher thigh crude protein (CP) content (p 0.05). The highest breast muscle CP % were observed birds previously fed the high Lys regime (p 0.05), those of the MW variety (p 0.05). Higher slaughter weight and carcass weight and yield were obtained in the birds previously fed to medium dietary Lys level (p 0.05), and the MW variety showed overall better carcass traits (p 0.05). It is concluded that medium Lys levels in the starter feed promote subsequent better growth performance and that the MW variety has better carcass traits, it may be used as for rural chicken meat production.(AU)

Subsequent Effect of Dietary Lysine Regimens Fed in the Starter Phase on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Chemical Composition of Aseel Chicken in the Grower Phase

This study was designed to examine carryover effect of dietary lysine (Lys) levels fed during the starter phase on the growth performance of three varieties of Aseel chickens. A total of 378 birds (126 from each variety) derived from a previous experiment, in which birds were distributed according a randomized block design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, were evaluated from 7-18 weeks of age. Treatments consisted of three varieties of Aseel chicken [(Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW) and Lakha (LK)] fed three dietary Lys regimes (high, medium and low) during the starter phase (0-6 weeks). In the present experiment, the performance parameters, carcass traits, and meat chemical composition six replicates of seven birds per treatment were evaluated. The MW variety exhibited higher weight gain and better feed to gain ratio (p 0.05). Previous medium dietary Lys regimen improved weight gain, feed to gain ratio, final weight gain (p0.05). Birds previously fed medium dietary Lys showed higher thigh dry matter content (p 0.05), and those previously fed low Lys significantly higher thigh crude protein (CP) content (p 0.05). The highest breast muscle CP % were observed birds previously fed the high Lys regime (p 0.05), those of the MW variety (p 0.05). Higher slaughter weight and carcass weight and yield were obtained in the birds previously fed to medium dietary Lys level (p 0.05), and the MW variety showed overall better carcass traits (p 0.05). It is concluded that medium Lys levels in the starter feed promote subsequent better growth performance and that the MW variety has better carcass traits, it may be used as for rural chicken meat production.

Effect of dietary lysine regimens on growth performance and meat composition in Aseel chicken

A study was designed with the objective, to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine (Lys) regimens on growth performance and meat composition of Aseel chicken. In total, 540 day old chicks, 180 from each variety, were randomly assigned to 9 experimental groups in a 3 (Varieties: Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW), and Lakha (LK)) × 3 (Lys regimens: L1, L2 and L3:1.35, 1.30 and 1.25%) factorial arrangement under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with sex as block. Each experimental group was replicated 6 times with 10 birds in each with average weight of 29 gram. Feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed:gain ratio (F:G) parameters of growth performance and Dry Matter (DM), Ash, Crude Protein (CP) and Ether Extract (EE) parameters of meat composition were evaluated. The results indicated better (p=0.0006) WG and (p=0.0006) F:G was observed in MW verities. Among different Lys regimens, higher and medium level in the diet improved WG (p<.0001), F:G (p<.0001) and reduced (p=0.0001) FI. Similarly increased (p<.0001; 0.0150) ash content in thigh and breast due to increased level of lysine in the early life period. Dry matter was found to be higher (p=0.0036) only in medium Lys regimen, whereas meat CP was observed to be higher (p=0.0064) in control diet. It was concluded that, 1.30% digestible Lys level regimen can be used to improve the early growth rate of Aseel chicken. Similarly, Mianwali variety due to its better early growth can be used as a meat type chicken.(AU)

Effect of dietary lysine regimens on growth performance and meat composition in Aseel chicken

A study was designed with the objective, to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine (Lys) regimens on growth performance and meat composition of Aseel chicken. In total, 540 day old chicks, 180 from each variety, were randomly assigned to 9 experimental groups in a 3 (Varieties: Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW), and Lakha (LK)) × 3 (Lys regimens: L1, L2 and L3:1.35, 1.30 and 1.25%) factorial arrangement under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with sex as block. Each experimental group was replicated 6 times with 10 birds in each with average weight of 29 gram. Feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed:gain ratio (F:G) parameters of growth performance and Dry Matter (DM), Ash, Crude Protein (CP) and Ether Extract (EE) parameters of meat composition were evaluated. The results indicated better (p=0.0006) WG and (p=0.0006) F:G was observed in MW verities. Among different Lys regimens, higher and medium level in the diet improved WG (p<.0001), F:G (p<.0001) and reduced (p=0.0001) FI. Similarly increased (p<.0001; 0.0150) ash content in thigh and breast due to increased level of lysine in the early life period. Dry matter was found to be higher (p=0.0036) only in medium Lys regimen, whereas meat CP was observed to be higher (p=0.0064) in control diet. It was concluded that, 1.30% digestible Lys level regimen can be used to improve the early growth rate of Aseel chicken. Similarly, Mianwali variety due to its better early growth can be used as a meat type chicken.

Subsequent Effect of Dietary Lysine Regimens Fed in the Starter Phase on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Chemical Composition of Aseel Chicken in the Grower Phase

ABSTRACT This study was designed to examine carryover effect of dietary lysine (Lys) levels fed during the starter phase on the growth performance of three varieties of Aseel chickens. A total of 378 birds (126 from each variety) derived from a previous experiment, in which birds were distributed according a randomized block design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, were evaluated from 7-18 weeks of age. Treatments consisted of three varieties of Aseel chicken [(Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW) and Lakha (LK)] fed three dietary Lys regimes (high, medium and low) during the starter phase (0-6 weeks). In the present experiment, the performance parameters, carcass traits, and meat chemical composition six replicates of seven birds per treatment were evaluated. The MW variety exhibited higher weight gain and better feed to gain ratio (p 0.05). Previous medium dietary Lys regimen improved weight gain, feed to gain ratio, final weight gain (p0.05). Birds previously fed medium dietary Lys showed higher thigh dry matter content (p 0.05), and those previously fed low Lys significantly higher thigh crude protein (CP) content (p 0.05). The highest breast muscle CP % were observed birds previously fed the high Lys regime (p 0.05), those of the MW variety (p 0.05). Higher slaughter weight and carcass weight and yield were obtained in the birds previously fed to medium dietary Lys level (p 0.05), and the MW variety showed overall better carcass traits (p 0.05). It is concluded that medium Lys levels in the starter feed promote subsequent better growth performance and that the MW variety has better carcass traits, it may be used as for rural chicken meat production.

Compuestos lipídicos benéficos para la salud humana asociados a la nutrición animal / Compostos lipídeos benéficos para a saúde humana associados com a nutrição animal / Lipid compounds with benefits for human health associated to animal nutrition

Los alimentos de origen animal han sido castigados desde el punto de vista salud debido a sus altos contenidos de grasa saturada. El ALC (ácido linoleico conjugado cis9-trans11), es un compuesto al que se le han atribuido propiedades anticancerígenas, antidiabetogénicas, antiadipogénicas y antiaterogénicas. Además, se han reportado efectos positivos en el sistema inmune y la mineralización del hueso. Su concentración es mayor en la leche y la carne de animales en pastoreo que en otros sistemas de alimentación, lo cual genera una nueva perspectiva para ubicar la leche Colombiana en mercados internacionales.

Animal derived foods used for human consumption have received unfavorable perception because of their high contents of saturated fat. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, cis9-trans11) is a compound reported to have anticarcinogenic, antidiabetogenic, antiadipogenic, and antiatherogenic properties as well as having positive effects for the immune system and bone mineralization. Its concentration in meat and milk is higher in grazing animals than in those in other feeding systems. Natural CLA-enriched milk offer a new perspective for Colombian milk in the international markets.

Os alimentos de origem animal têm sido punidos desde o ponto de vista da saúde devido a seus altos conteúdos de gorduras saturadas. O ALC (ácido linoléico conjugado cis9-trans11), um composto com propriedades antidiabéticas, anticancerígenas, antilipogénicas, ademais de potenciar o sistema imunológico e melhorar o crescimento ósseo, presente em maiores proporções no leite e carne dos animais em pastejo, gera uma nova perspectiva comercial do leite da Colômbia no mercado internacional.

Effects of partial replacement of corn and soybean meal with sunflower cake in pig diets on ham fatty acid composition / Efeitos da substituição parcial de milho e farelo de soja por torta de girassol na dieta de suínos sobre a composição em ácidos graxos do pernil

Forty-eight pigs (24 barrows and 24 gilts), Landrace X Large White with initial liveweight of 22.69 kgwere subjected to four treatments: diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15% of sunflower cake (SFC). No significant(P>0.05) effect of dietary treatment was observed on crude protein (19.6%), total fat (15.3%), ash (0.89%),and moisture (63.9%) contents of ham. Fatty acids in all ham (Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus andSemitendinosus) were significantly influenced by diets. Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the mostabundant fatty acids in both diets and pork meat. Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) was the most abundant fattyacid under SFC-based diets. Its levels were also higher in ham of pigs fed SFC diets (T2, T3, and T4 with15.79, 18.66, and 22.85%, respectively) than in that of pig fed the control diet (13.73%). Incorporation of5, 10, and 15% SFC in pig diet markedly decreased the proportion of monounsaturated and saturatedfatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in ham (P<0.05).

Quarenta e oito suínos (24 fêmeas e 24 machos), Landrace x Large White com peso vivo inicial de 22.69kg foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos: dietas com 0 , 5, 10 e 15% de torta de girassol (SFC). Nãoforam observados efeitos significativos (P>0.05) nas dietas para os teores de proteína total (19,6%),gordura total (15,3%), cinzas (0,89%) e umidade (63,9%) nos pernis. Os ácidos graxos foramsignificativamente influenciados pelas dietas. Os ácidos palmítico, oléico e linoléico foram os ácidosgraxos mais abundantes tanto nas dietas como no pernil como um todo (Biceps femoris, Semimembranosusand Semitendinosus). Ácido linoléico (18:2n-6) foi o ácido graxo mais abundante nas dietas SFC. Seusníveis também foram maiores em pernis de suínos alimentados com dietas com SFC (T2, T3 e T4 com 15,8,18,7 e 22,9%, respectivamente) em relação aos suínos que se alimentaram com a dieta controle (13,7%).Incorporação de 5, 10, 15% de SFC em dietas de suínos, diminuem a proporção de ácidos graxos saturadose monoinsaturados e aumentam a de poliinsaturados na carne de pernil (P<0,05)

Effects of partial replacement of corn and soybean meal with sunflower cake in pig diets on ham fatty acid composition / Efeitos da substituição parcial de milho e farelo de soja por torta de girassol na dieta de suínos sobre a composição em ácidos graxos do pernil

Forty-eight pigs (24 barrows and 24 gilts), Landrace X Large White with initial liveweight of 22.69 kgwere subjected to four treatments: diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15% of sunflower cake (SFC). No significant(P>0.05) effect of dietary treatment was observed on crude protein (19.6%), total fat (15.3%), ash (0.89%),and moisture (63.9%) contents of ham. Fatty acids in all ham (Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus andSemitendinosus) were significantly influenced by diets. Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the mostabundant fatty acids in both diets and pork meat. Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) was the most abundant fattyacid under SFC-based diets. Its levels were also higher in ham of pigs fed SFC diets (T2, T3, and T4 with15.79, 18.66, and 22.85%, respectively) than in that of pig fed the control diet (13.73%). Incorporation of5, 10, and 15% SFC in pig diet markedly decreased the proportion of monounsaturated and saturatedfatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in ham (P<0.05).(AU)

Effects of partial replacement of corn and soybean meal with sunflower cake in pig diets on ham fatty acid composition / Efeitos da substituição parcial de milho e farelo de soja por torta de girassol na dieta de suínos sobre a composição em ácidos graxos do pernil

Forty-eight pigs (24 barrows and 24 gilts), Landrace X Large White with initial liveweight of 22.69 kg were subjected to four treatments: diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15% of sunflower cake (SFC). No significant (P > 0.05) effect of dietary treatment was observed on crude protein (19.6%), total fat (15.3%), ash (0.89%), and moisture (63.9%) contents of ham. Fatty acids in all ham (Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus) were significantly influenced by diets. Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in both diets and pork meat. Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) was the most abundant fatty acid under SFC-based diets. Its levels were also higher in ham of pigs fed SFC diets (T2, T3, and T4 with 15.79, 18.66, and 22.85%, respectively) than in that of pig fed the control diet (13.73%). Incorporation of 5, 10, and 15% SFC in pig diet markedly decreased the proportion of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in ham (P 0.05).

Quarenta e oito suínos (24 fêmeas e 24 machos), Landrace x Large White com peso vivo inicial de 22.69 kg foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos: dietas com 0 , 5, 10 e 15% de torta de girassol (SFC). Não foram observados efeitos significativos (p > 0.05) nas dietas para os teores de proteína total (19,6%), gordura total (15,3%), cinzas (0,89%) e umidade (63,9%) nos pernis. Os ácidos graxos foram significativamente influenciados pelas dietas. Os ácidos palmítico, oléico e linoléico foram os ácidos graxos mais abundantes tanto nas dietas como no pernil como um todo (Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus). Ácido linoléico (18:2n-6) foi o ácido graxo mais abundante nas dietas SFC. Seus níveis também foram maiores em pernis de suínos alimentados com dietas com SFC (T2, T3 e T4 com 15,8, 18,7 e 22,9%, respectivamente) em relação aos suínos que se alimentaram com a dieta controle (13,7%). Incorporação de 5, 10, 15% de SFC em dietas de suínos, diminuem a proporção de ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados e aumentam a de poliinsaturados na carne de pernil (p 0,05).