A competência emocional dos enfermeiros na prestação de cuidados à pessoa com doença mental / The emotional competence of nurses in providing care to people with mental illness

Introdução: As emoções ocupam um papel fundamental e determinante no desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos enfermeiros, assim como na prestação de cuidados que realizam. Objetivos: Conhecer as variáveis sociodemográficas que caraterizam a população em estudo e quais as correlações existentes entre a competência emocional e as suas dimensões. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido num hospital psiquiátrico da Região Norte de Portugal. Para recolha de informação foi utilizada: Escala Veiga da Competência Emocional. A colheita de dados foi realizada durante o mês de dezembro 2021. Foram cumpridos os pressupostos da Comissão de Ética de acordo com Declaração Helsínquia. A população em estudo foi constituída por 40 enfermeiros, sendo os critérios de inclusão: enfermeiros em situação laboral ativa no cuidado à pessoa com doença mental internada. Resultados: Verificou-se que na sua maioria os participantes eram do sexo feminino (58,76%), com idades compreendidas entre 26-55 anos. Quanto às habilitações académicas, a maioria dos participantes (53,4%) apresentava licenciatura, sendo que 38,9% apresentava a especialidade. Relativamente ao grau de importância, atribuído às questões situação profissional, foi considerado numa escala de Likert: 1 “sem importância”, 5 “muito importante”, como sendo, muito importante “relação interpessoal com os outros”, “estabilidade emocional na relação com os outros” e “estabilidade emocional na prestação de cuidados”, 79% (n=31). Conclusão: Verificou-se correlações entre as variáveis sexo/habilitações académicas. No sexo feminino, foi possível verificar que este perceciona-se, “frequentemente”, empático na prestação de cuidados. Enfermeiros com título especialista também se percecionam como profissionais empáticos, quando comparados com enfermeiros de cuidados gerais. (AU)

Introduction: Emotions play a fundamental and decisive role in the personal and professional development of nurses and the provision of care. Objectives: To explore the sociodemographic variables that characterize the sample under study and the correlations between emotional competence and its dimensions. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory study, quantitative approach, developed in a psychiatric hospital in the Northern Region of Portugal. The collection of information was performed using the Veiga Scale of Emotional Competence. Data collection was carried out in December 2021. The Ethics Committee followed the Helsinki Declaration guidelines. The sample consisted of 40 nurses, and the inclusion criteria were: nurses working with hospitalized people with mental illness. Results: Most participants were female (58.76%), aged between 26 and 55. Regarding academic qualifications, most participants (53.4%) had a degree, and 38.9% had a speciality. Concerning the degree of importance attributed to the professional situation issues, a Likert scale was used: 1 «unimportant», 5 «very important», as being very important, «interpersonal relationship with others», «emotional stability in the relationship with others» and «emotional stability in care delivery», 79% (n=31). Conclusion: Correlations were found between gender and academic qualifications. It was possible to verify that women nurses “often” perceive themselves as empathetic in the provision of care. Nurses with a specialist title also perceive themselves as empathetic professionals compared to general care nurses. (AU)

Employability of people with mental illness and substance use problems: Field realities.

BACKGROUND: There has always been a strong association between mental illness and work-related disability. According to the "World Health Organization," of all disabilities, severe mental illness is associated with the highest rates of unemployment. People with mental illness and problems with substance use have especially low employment rates. AIM: To identify the employability factors among people with mental illness and substance use problems. OBJECTIVES: To assess the barriers and to identify various strategies to overcome barriers to employment for persons with mental illness and substance use problems and to identify instructors' responses about the functionality of the person who works in the vocational training center, to assess the social support experienced by the respondents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a qualitative study used the purposive sampling method to conduct the study on 15 respondents (five people with mental illness, five caregivers, five instructors) from Department of Psychiatric and Neuro Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bengaluru. RESULTS: Various themes have identified to assess the barriers, aiding factors, and strategies to employment. Barriers to employment have categorized into individual factors, interpersonal factors, employment factors, and social factors. Health, communication, family support, treatment, and training are strategies to improve employability. Proper treatment and continuous adherence to medication, emotional support by family members and colleagues are the employment aiding factors. CONCLUSION: Identification of barriers and facilitators in the Indian context will help us to address the employability of persons with mental illness and substance use problems.

Homeless persons with mental illness and COVID pandemic: Collective efforts from India.

COVID-19 pandemic had made an unprecedented impact worldwide. India has entered into a total lockdown by invoking the special provision of Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897 and Disaster Management Act, 2015. The complete lockdown policy has a direct and indirect impact on Homeless Persons with Mental Illness (HPMI) concerning shelter, basic needs and access to health care, besides the transmission of COVID infection. In this manuscript, we highlight the collective efforts undertaken by both the Government and Civil Society in providing care and protection to HPMI against COVID during the lockdown in India.

O auto-estigma: intervenção na pessoa com doença mental / Self-stigma: intervention in the person with mental illness

Este relatório de estágio no âmbito do mestrado em enfermagem, descreve e reflete sobre o percurso formativo realizado ao longo do estágio onde se implementou um projecto de intervenção de enfermagem com vista a minimizar o auto-estigma na pessoa com doença mental, e demonstrar o desenvolvimento das competências de EESMP. A ocorrência do auto-estigma está relacionada com a falta de informação e excesso de confiança nos estereótipos, assim considera-se que as intervenções psicoeducativas possuem alguma efectividade. Os objetivos foram aprofundar conhecimentos ao nível dos cuidados de enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiátrica, identificar as necessidades e problemas da pessoa com doença mental nos diferentes contextos, desenvolver intervenções de enfermagem de acordo com as necessidades e problemas identificados, implementar intervenções especializadas de enfermagem para minimizar o auto-estigma na pessoa com doença mental e refletir sobre a especificidade dos cuidados de enfermagem prestados em cada contexto. Foi utilizada uma metodologia descritiva e crítico-reflexiva, articulando entre as atividades desenvolvidas, as aprendizagens efectuadas no estágio, a evidência científica, e as competências do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiátrica. Analisando os resultados obtidos, verifica-se que os programas de psicoeducação implementados em contexto de estágio contribuíram para a minimização do autoestigma na pessoa com doença mental. Torna-se evidente a necessidade de investir na identificação dos fatores geradores de estigma e auto-estigma e de investir na implementação de intervenções dirigidas a este stressor.

This internship report within the scope of the master's degree in nursing, describes and reflects on the training path carried out during the internship where a nursing intervention project was implemented in order to minimize self-stigma in people with mental illness, and demonstrate the development of EESMP competences. The occurrence of self-stigma is related to the lack of information and overconfidence in stereotypes, so it is considered that psychoeducational interventions have some effectiveness. The objectives were to deepen knowledge at the level of mental health and psychiatric nursing care, identify the needs and problems of the person with mental illness in different contexts, develop nursing interventions according to the identified needs and problems, implement specialized nursing interventions for minimize selfstigma in people with mental illness and reflect on the specificity of nursing care provided in each context. A descriptive and critical-reflexive methodology was used, articulating between the activities developed, the learning carried out in the internship, the scientific evidence, and the skills of the nurse specialist in mental health and psychiatric nursing. Analyzing the results obtained, it appears that the psychoeducation programs implemented in the context of an internship contributed to the minimization of selfstigma in people with mental illness. It becomes evident the need to invest in the identification of factors that generate stigma and self-stigma and to invest in the implementation of interventions aimed at this stressor.