Enzymatic pretreatment in the extraction process of soybean to improve protein and isoflavone recovery and to favor aglycone formation.

This research aimed to evaluate the pretreatment of soybean with the carbohydrase multi-enzyme complex "Viscozyme L", during the extraction process; in order to improve the recovery of proteins and isoflavones in soybase, and reduce the loss of these compounds through the okara residue. Three concentrations of enzyme were studied at 50 °C, along with an experiment carried out without enzyme addition (control experiment). The results were also evaluated in relation to standard soybase processing. In comparison to the standard and control processes, the enzymatic pretreatment reduced up to 85% the total amount of okara residue. Due to the action of the multi-enzyme complex, protein and total isoflavone recovery increased from 42% to 83% and from 59% to 93%, respectively. The application of Viscozyme L also favored the conversion of conjugated forms of isoflavone to aglycone in the soybase, representing up to 50% of the total isoflavones. The enzymatic pretreatment of soybean with carbohydrase improved the nutritional quality of the soybase, while at the same time reducing residue generation; showing that the proposed food process can be considered environmentally friendly method.

Effect of Maltodextrin Concentration and Inlet Air Temperature on Properties of Spray Dried Powder from Reverse Osmosis Concentrated Sweet Orange Juice

Abstract Sweet orange juice is an important part of diet since it is nutritious beverage offering good taste and play significant part in a healthy diet. High hygroscopicity, thermo-plasticity and presence of low molecular weight components in sweet orange juice offer low glass transition temperature (Tg), likely to form soft particle with sticky surface leading to sticky powder during drying. Maltodextrins are amorphous drying aids that tend to inhibit sugar crystallization and form a high Tg product after drying. In this study, the effect of the different spray drying parameters on the quality of powder derived from control and concentrated juice at three inlet air temperatures 120, 130 and 140 °C and at three levels of juice total soluble solids (TSS): maltodextrin levels at 1:0.5; 1:1 and 1:1.5 were studied. The impact of inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration has significantly affected various properties of sweet orange powder. For control juice, process yields increased with increase in inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration. However, for reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate, process yield increased with increase in maltodextrin concentration and decreased with increase in inlet air temperature. For control juice, process yields obtained were in the range of 12.59-41.16% and in case of concentrated juice, the process yield obtained was in the range of 21.35-56.95% at different combinations of inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentrations. Spray-dried powder was considered as "possible" and "fair" in terms of flowability and cohesiveness. Vitamin C retention was high at lower inlet air temperature with lower concentration of maltodextrin.

Microencapsulation of blackberry pulp with arrowroot starch and gum arabic mixture by spray drying.

This research work aimed to obtain blackberry pulp powder by spray drying and, by an experimental design, evaluated the effect of inlet air temperature (100-150 °C) and blackberry pulp solids:arrowroot starch/gum arabic solids ratio of 1:0.5-1:2 on the physicochemical properties of the powders. Arrowroot starch and gum arabic present glass transition temperature (Tg) values above 100 °C; hence it was possible to employ them as carriers in blackberry pulp spray drying in order to increase Tg of the system. Powder yield and solubility increased with increasing blackberry pulp solids:arrowroot starch/gum arabic solids ratio of 1:0.5-1:2, whereas hygroscopicity decreased. Yield, solubility and hygroscopicity of the powders increased and water activity decreased, with increasing inlet air temperature. The powders presented low moisture content and water activity. Temperature of 143 °C and blackberry pulp solids:arrowroot starch/gum arabic solids ratio of 1:1.78 were the optimal conditions to obtain high yield and blackberry powders that are soluble in water and less hygroscopic.

Processamento de frutas tropicais por desidratação osmótica seguida de fritura: estudo de caso da manga e do melão / Processing of tropical fruits by osmotic dehydration followed by frying: a case study of the mango and melon

Manga e melão foram processados por desidratação osmótica em xarope de sacarose, seguida de fritura em gordura vegetal hidrogenada. Em cada etapa do processamento foram avaliados o rendimento e as características físico-químicas dos frutos. Nos produtos finais também avaliaram-se as características microbiológicas (aeróbios mesófilos, coliformes totais e fecais, Escherichia coli, bolores e leveduras, Salmonella sp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva) e a aceitação sensorial. O rendimento total do processo ficou em torno de 11 por cento para ambos os frutos. A etapa de fritura foi a que mais contribuiu para redução da atividade de água e a etapa de osmose para a redução do pH e incorporação de sólidos (sacarose). Os produtos finais obtidos se caracterizam por apresentar baixa atividade de água (0,675 para manga e 0,446 para melão) e umidade (16,01 por cento para manga e 5,70 por cento para melão), alto teor de sólidos solúveis totais (76,60ºbrix para manga e 81,07ºbrix para o melão) e baixo pH (3,87 para manga e 4,12 para o melão). As análises microbiológicas demonstram a boa qualidade dos produtos. As médias de aceitação sensorial (6,9 para manga e 6,8 para melão, em escala de 9,0) foram próximas de gostei moderadamente para ambos os frutos.(AU)

Mango and melon were processed by osmotic dehydration in sucrose syrup followed by frying in hydrogenated vegetal fat. Yield and physical chemical characteristics of the fruits were measured in each step of processing.Microbiological quality (plate count, total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and molds, Salmonella sp. and S. aureus) and sensory acceptance were also evaluated on the final products. For both fruits, yield of the process wasabout 11%. Major decrease of water activity occurred during frying step while pH decrease and solids uptakeoccurred during osmosis. Final products were characterized by low water activity (0.675 for mango and 0.446 formelon) and moisture content (16.01% for mango and 5.70% for melon), high total soluble solids (76.60ºbrix for mango and 81.07°brix for melon) and low pH (3.87 for mango and 4. 12 for melon). Microbiological analysis showedgood product quality. Sensory acceptance averages (6.9for mango and 6.8 for melon in a 9.0 scale) were dose to like moderately for both fruits. (AU)