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1.
Biomedica ; 41(4): 745-755, 2021 12 15.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34936258

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Enteric viruses have been associated with the production of a variety of diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route and carried through contaminated food and water. Given their structure and composition, they are highly resistant to environmental conditions and most of the chemical agents used in the purification processes. Therefore, the systematic monitoring of raw water is necessary to ensure its quality especially when it is used for producing drinking water for human consumption. OBJECTIVE: We identified the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A virus by means of the fluoro-immuno-magnetic separation technique (FIMS) in raw water taken from four purification plants and their water supplies in the department of Norte de Santander. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The viruses were captured and separated from the water samples using magnetic microparticles functionalized with monoclonal anti-Hepatitis A and anti-Rotavirus antibodies. Confocal microscopy was used to monitor the viral concentration process and transmission electron microscopy for the morphological visualization of the separated viruses. The reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to confirm the presence of pathogens. RESULTS: The two enteric viruses were identified in the majority of the analyzed water samples including water supply sources. CONCLUSION: We determined that the FIMS technique together with RT-PCR is highly effective for the detection of viral pathogens in complex matrices such as raw water.


Introducción. Los virus entéricos se asocian con una serie de enfermedades transmitidas por vía fecal-oral en alimentos o agua contaminada. Dada su estructura y composición, son muy resistentes a las condiciones ambientales y a la mayoría de los agentes químicos empleados en los procesos de potabilización, por lo cual es necesario un monitoreo sistemático del agua cruda para asegurar su calidad, máxime cuando se emplea como materia prima en la producción de agua potable para consumo humano. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de rotavirus y del virus de la hepatitis A mediante la técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética en agua cruda procedente de cuatro plantas de potabilización y sus fuentes hídricas en el departamento de Norte de Santander. Materiales y métodos. Los virus fueron capturados y separados a partir de las muestras de agua, empleando micropartículas magnéticas funcionalizadas con anticuerpos monoclonales anti-hepatitis A y anti-rotavirus. Se empleó microscopía confocal para hacer el seguimiento del proceso de concentración viral y, microscopía electrónica de transmisión, para la visualización morfológica de los virus separados. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa acoplada a transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) se utilizó para confirmar la presencia de los patógenos. Resultados. Los dos virus entéricos se detectaron en la mayoría de las muestras de agua analizadas, incluidas las de sus fuentes hídricas. Conclusión. La técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética acoplada a RT-PCR fue altamente efectiva en la detección de patógenos virales en matrices complejas como el agua cruda.


Assuntos
Enterovirus , Vírus da Hepatite A , Rotavirus , Vírus , Enterovirus/genética , Vírus da Hepatite A/genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rotavirus/genética , Vírus/genética , Microbiologia da Água
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);41(4): 745-755, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355747

RESUMO

Abstract | Introduction: Enteric viruses have been associated with the production of a variety of diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route and carried through contaminated food and water. Given their structure and composition, they are highly resistant to environmental conditions and most of the chemical agents used in the purification processes. Therefore, the systematic monitoring of raw water is necessary to ensure its quality especially when it is used for producing drinking water for human consumption. Objective: We identified the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A virus by means of the fluoro-immuno-magnetic separation technique (FIMS) in raw water taken from four purification plants and their water supplies in the department of Norte de Santander. Materials and methods: The viruses were captured and separated from the water samples using magnetic microparticles functionalized with monoclonal anti-Hepatitis A and anti-Rotavirus antibodies. Confocal microscopy was used to monitor the viral concentration process and transmission electron microscopy for the morphological visualization of the separated viruses. The reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to confirm the presence of pathogens. Results: The two enteric viruses were identified in the majority of the analyzed water samples including water supply sources. Conclusion: We determined that the FIMS technique together with RT-PCR is highly effective for the detection of viral pathogens in complex matrices such as raw water.


Resumen | Introducción. Los virus entéricos se asocian con una serie de enfermedades transmitidas por vía fecal-oral en alimentos o agua contaminada. Dada su estructura y composición, son muy resistentes a las condiciones ambientales y a la mayoría de los agentes químicos empleados en los procesos de potabilización, por lo cual es necesario un monitoreo sistemático del agua cruda para asegurar su calidad, máxime cuando se emplea como materia prima en la producción de agua potable para consumo humano. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de rotavirus y del virus de la hepatitis A mediante la técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética en agua cruda procedente de cuatro plantas de potabilización y sus fuentes hídricas en el departamento de Norte de Santander. Materiales y métodos. Los virus fueron capturados y separados a partir de las muestras de agua, empleando micropartículas magnéticas funcionalizadas con anticuerpos monoclonales anti-hepatitis A y anti-rotavirus. Se empleó microscopía confocal para hacer el seguimiento del proceso de concentración viral y, microscopía electrónica de transmisión, para la visualización morfológica de los virus separados. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa acoplada a transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) se utilizó para confirmar la presencia de los patógenos. Resultados. Los dos virus entéricos se detectaron en la mayoría de las muestras de agua analizadas, incluidas las de sus fuentes hídricas. Conclusión. La técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética acoplada a RT-PCR fue altamente efectiva en la detección de patógenos virales en matrices complejas como el agua cruda.


Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus , Água Bruta , Separação Magnética , Purificação da Água , Hepatite A , Anticorpos
3.
Colomb Med (Cali) ; 52(1): e2024196, 2021 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33911319

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Viruses are being used as alternative and complementary tools for treating cancers. Oncolytic viruses exhibit tumor tropism, ability to enhance anti-tumor immunity and ability to be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have recently selected some rotavirus isolates which are adapted to efficiently infect and kill tumor cell lines. AIM: We tested five tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates for their ability to infect the human adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. METHODS: Cell surface membrane-associated proteins mediating virus particle attachment were characterized using ELISA, immunoprecipitation, FACS analysis, and antibody blocking. RESULTS: It was found that heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, and Hsp40 are expressed on the cell surface forming complexes with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), integrin ß3, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in lipid raft microdomains. Interaction of rotavirus isolates with these cellular proteins was further confirmed by a competition assay and an inhibition assay involving the HSPs tested. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates studied here offer a promising tool for killing tumor cells, thus encouraging further research into this topic, including animal models.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Vírus Oncolíticos , Rotavirus , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSC70 , Humanos , Células MCF-7
4.
Colomb. med ; 52(1): e2024196, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249638

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Viruses are being used as alternative and complementary tools for treating cancers. Oncolytic viruses exhibit tumor tropism, ability to enhance anti-tumor immunity and ability to be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have recently selected some rotavirus isolates which are adapted to efficiently infect and kill tumor cell lines. Aim: We tested five tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates for their ability to infect the human adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. Methods: Cell surface membrane-associated proteins mediating virus particle attachment were characterized using ELISA, immunoprecipitation, FACS analysis, and antibody blocking. Results: It was found that heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, and Hsp40 are expressed on the cell surface forming complexes with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), integrin β3, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in lipid raft microdomains. Interaction of rotavirus isolates with these cellular proteins was further confirmed by a competition assay and an inhibition assay involving the HSPs tested. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates studied here offer a promising tool for killing tumor cells, thus encouraging further research into this topic, including animal models.


Resumen Antecedentes: Los virus se utilizan como herramientas alternativas y complementarias para el tratamiento del cáncer. Los virus oncolíticos exhiben tropismo por tumores, capacidad para intensificar la inmunidad antitumoral y la capacidad para utilizarse en combinación con quimioterapia y radioterapia convencionales. Recientemente, hemos seleccionado algunos aislamientos de rotavirus que están adaptados para infectar y eliminar de manera eficiente líneas de células tumorales. Objetivo: Se ensayaron cinco aislamientos de rotavirus adaptados a células tumorales para determinar su capacidad para infectar la línea celular de adenocarcinoma humano MCF-7. Métodos: Las proteínas asociadas a la membrana de la superficie celular que median la unión de partículas de virus se caracterizaron mediante ELISA, inmunoprecipitación, análisis FACS y bloqueo de anticuerpos. Resultados: Se encontró que las proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) como Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60 y Hsp40 se expresan en la superficie celular formando complejos con la proteína disulfuro isomerasa (PDI), la integrina β3 y la proteína análoga de choque térmico 70 (Hsc70) en microdominios lipídicos (rafts). La interacción de los aislamientos de rotavirus con estas proteínas celulares se confirmó adicionalmente mediante un ensayo de competición y un ensayo de inhibición que incluía las HSP ensayadas. Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los aislamientos de rotavirus adaptados a las células tumorales estudiados aquí ofrecen una herramienta prometedora para eliminar las células tumorales, lo que estimula más investigaciones sobre este tema, incluidos los modelos animales.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adenocarcinoma , Rotavirus , Vírus Oncolíticos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSC70 , Células MCF-7
5.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 30: e20200354, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | BDENF - Enfermagem, LILACS | ID: biblio-1280697

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe and analyze the influence of human rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age, in Brazil, 2001 to 2018 (pre- and post-vaccination period). Method: this is a retrospective, descriptive ecological study, combining the description of a time series from 2001 to 2018 and collected in the months August 2019 to Janaury 2020. The data were obtained from a secondary source. To analyze the effect of different variables, multiple models of mathematical evaluations were used (accumulated growth rate, geometric growth rate; standard deviation, mean, variance and simple linear regression). The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). Results: there was a reduction in hospitalizations related to gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old, when comparing the pre- and post-vaccination periods. This reduction occurred in all Brazilian regions. Conclusion: after the implementation of human rotavirus vaccine, there was a significant reduction in hospitalizations of children under 5 years.


RESUMEN Objetivos: describir y analizar la influencia de la vacuna contra el rotavirus humano en las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis en niños menores de 5 años, en Brasil, 2001 a 2018 (período pre y posvacunación). Método: se trata de un estudio ecológico descriptivo, retrospectivo, que combina la descripción de la serie temporal de 2001 a 2018 y recogidos en los meses de 2019 a enero de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron de una fuente secundaria. Para analizar el efecto de diferentes variables se utilizaron múltiples modelos de evaluaciones matemáticas (tasa de crecimiento acumulada, tasa de crecimiento geométrico; desviación estándar, media, varianza y regresión lineal simple). Se consideró el nivel de significancia del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: hubo una reducción de las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis en menores de 5 años, al comparar los periodos pre y posvacunación. Esta reducción ocurrió en todas las regiones brasileñas. Conclusión: luego de la implementación de la vacuna contra el rotavirus humano, hubo una reducción significativa en las hospitalizaciones de niños menores de 5 años.


RESUMO Objetivos: descrever e analisar a influência da vacina contra o rotavírus humano nas hospitalizações por gastroenterite em crianças menores de 5 anos, no Brasil, 2001 a 2018 (período pré e pós-vacinal). Método: trata-se de um estudo ecológico retrospectivo, descritivo, combinando a descrição das séries temporais do período de 2001 a 2018. Os dados foram obtidos de fonte secundária e coletados nos meses de agosto de 2019 a janeiro de 2020. Para análise do efeito de diferentes variáveis, utilizaram-se múltiplos modelos de avaliações matemáticas (taxa de crescimento acumulado, taxa de crescimento geométrico; desvio padrão, média, variância e regressão linear simples). Considerou-se o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: houve redução das hospitalizações relacionadas à gastroenterites em crianças menores de 5 anos, quando comparados os períodos pré e pós-vacinal. Essa redução ocorreu em todas as regiões brasileiras. Conclusão: após a implementação da vacina contra o rotavírus humano, houve expressiva redução das hospitalizações de crianças menores de 5 anos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Infecções por Rotavirus , Vacinas , Criança , Gastroenterite , Hospitalização
6.
Biomedica ; 40(2): 362-381, 2020 06 15.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32673463

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. However, cancer has now overtaken cardiovascular disease as the main cause of death in 12 countries in Western Europe. The burden of cancer is posing a major challenge to health care systems worldwide and demanding improvements in methods for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Alternative and complementary strategies for orthodox surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy need to be developed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the oncolytic potential of tumor cell-adapted rotavirus in terms of their ability to infect and lysate murine myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We inoculated rotaviruses Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells and we examined their infectious effects by immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation assays. RESULTS: Rotavirus infection involved the participation of some heat shock proteins, of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and integrin ß3. We detected the accumulation of viral antigens within the virus-inoculated cells and in the culture medium in all the rotavirus isolates examined. The rotavirus-induced cell death mechanism in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells involved changes in cell membrane permeability, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, which were compatible with cytotoxicity and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of the rotavirus isolates Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW to infect and cause cell death of Sp2/0-Ag14 cells through mechanisms that are compatible with virus-induced apoptosis makes them potential candidates as oncolytic agents.


Introducción. El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos, solamente superado por la enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, el cáncer aventaja a la enfermedad cardiovascular como primera causa de muerte en doce países de Europa occidental. Se requieren mejores métodos de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para afrontar el gran desafío que el cáncer representa mundialmente para los sistemas de salud, y se necesita desarrollar estrategias alternativas y complementarias a la cirugía, la radioterapia y la quimioterapia convencionales. Objetivo. Evaluar el potencial oncolítico de rotavirus adaptados a células tumorales por su capacidad para infectar y lisar células Sp2/0-Ag14 de mieloma de ratón. Materiales and métodos. Los aislamientos de rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW se inocularon en células Sp2/0-Ag14 y se examinaron sus efectos infecciosos mediante inmunocitoquímica, inmunofluorescencia, citometría de flujo y ensayos de fragmentación del ADN. Resultados. La infección con los rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW implicó la participación de algunas proteínas de choque térmico, la proteína disulfuro isomerasa y la integrina ß3. La acumulación de antígenos virales intracelulares y extracelulares se detectó en todos los virus utilizados. Los mecanismos de muerte inducidos por los rotavirus en células Sp2/0-Ag14 indujeron cambios en la permeabilidad de la membrana celular, la condensación de cromatina y la fragmentación de ADN, los cuales fueron compatibles con citotoxicidad y apoptosis. Conclusiones. La capacidad de los rotavirus estudiados para infectar y causar la muerte de células Sp2/0-Ag14 mediante mecanismos compatibles con la apoptosis inducida viralmente los convierte en candidatos potenciales para ser utilizados como agentes oncolíticos.


Assuntos
Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Terapia Viral Oncolítica , Rotavirus , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular , Cromatina/ultraestrutura , Meios de Cultura/química , Fragmentação do DNA , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/fisiologia , Integrina beta3/fisiologia , Camundongos , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Isomerases de Dissulfetos de Proteínas/fisiologia , Rotavirus/imunologia , Rotavirus/fisiologia , Replicação Viral
7.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);40(2): 362-381, abr.-jun. 2020. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124231

RESUMO

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. However, cancer has now overtaken cardiovascular disease as the main cause of death in 12 countries in Western Europe. The burden of cancer is posing a major challenge to health care systems worldwide and demanding improvements in methods for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Alternative and complementary strategies for orthodox surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy need to be developed. Objective: To determine the oncolytic potential of tumor cell-adapted rotavirus in terms of their ability to infect and lysate murine myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. Materials and methods: We inoculated rotaviruses Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells and we examined their infectious effects by immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: Rotavirus infection involved the participation of some heat shock proteins, of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and integrin ß3. We detected the accumulation of viral antigens within the virus-inoculated cells and in the culture medium in all the rotavirus isolates examined. The rotavirus-induced cell death mechanism in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells involved changes in cell membrane permeability, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, which were compatible with cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Conclusions: The ability of the rotavirus isolates Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW to infect and cause cell death of Sp2/0-Ag14 cells through mechanisms that are compatible with virus-induced apoptosis makes them potential candidates as oncolytic agents.


Introducción. El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos, solamente superado por la enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, el cáncer aventaja a la enfermedad cardiovascular como primera causa de muerte en doce países de Europa occidental. Se requieren mejores métodos de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para afrontar el gran desafío que el cáncer representa mundialmente para los sistemas de salud, y se necesita desarrollar estrategias alternativas y complementarias a la cirugía, la radioterapia y la quimioterapia convencionales. Objetivo. Evaluar el potencial oncolítico de rotavirus adaptados a células tumorales por su capacidad para infectar y lisar células Sp2/0-Ag14 de mieloma de ratón. Materiales y métodos. Los aislamientos de rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW se inocularon en células Sp2/0-Ag14 y se examinaron sus efectos infecciosos mediante inmunocitoquímica, inmunofluorescencia, citometría de flujo y ensayos de fragmentación del ADN. Resultados. La infección con los rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW implicó la participación de algunas proteínas de choque térmico, la proteína disulfuro isomerasa y la integrina ß3. La acumulación de antígenos virales intracelulares y extracelulares se detectó en todos los virus utilizados. Los mecanismos de muerte inducidos por los rotavirus en células Sp2/0-Ag14 indujeron cambios en la permeabilidad de la membrana celular, la condensación de cromatina y la fragmentación de ADN, los cuales fueron compatibles con citotoxicidad y apoptosis. Conclusiones. La capacidad de los rotavirus estudiados para infectar y causar la muerte de células Sp2/0-Ag14 mediante mecanismos compatibles con la apoptosis inducida viralmente los convierte en candidatos potenciales para ser utilizados como agentes oncolíticos.


Assuntos
Vírus Oncolíticos , Neoplasias/terapia , Infecções por Rotavirus
8.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 92(4): 288-293, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30076043

RESUMO

Rotaviruses continue being the most important pathogens responsible of diarrhea in young children worldwide. Seminested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to determine rotavirus genotype; however, this technique employs multistep procedures. The real-time RT-PCR is a fast and reliable tool that can be used as rotavirus genotyping tool, especially in rotavirus outbreaks. In this study, we tested a real-time RT-PCR to identify rotavirus genotype using a panel of 252 samples from patients with diarrheal disease caused by G9P[4] and G12P[8] genotypes, which were identified as emerging rotaviruses in 2 outbreaks in Chiapas, Mexico. Our results show that the real-time RT-PCR assay detected these rotaviruses, and it allowed us to identify mixed genotype infections, G/P combinations, and the viral abundance in some samples in which the seminested assay could not identify them. Therefore, the real-time RT-PCR is a molecular tool that can be great support during rotavirus outbreaks.


Assuntos
Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Rotavirus/classificação , Rotavirus/genética , Fezes/virologia , Genes Virais , Genótipo , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular/métodos , RNA Viral , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
9.
Rev. patol. trop ; 46(1): 105-112, abr. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-913448

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of Rotavirus A (RVA) G and P genotypes circulating in the Brazilian Mid-West in the period 1986-2015. Seven studies conducted from 1986 to 2009 were included, as well as fecal samples obtained in the period 2014-2015. RVA was screened by ELISA and/or PAGE; genotyping by conventional RT-PCR and/or genomic sequencing. A temporal variation in the predominance of G genotypes mainly G1 and G2 with G9 and G12 emergence was observed. Even with vaccination, RVA continues to circulate in the population, requiring continuous virus monitoring


Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus , Vacinação , Genótipo
10.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 34(4): 220-226, Oct. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695391

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Estimar la efectividad de la vacuna monovalente antirrotavírica para prevenir la hospitalización por enfermedad diarreica aguda en niños menores de 2 años en cinco ciudades de Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta poblacional sobre una muestra probabilística de niños mayores de 2 meses y menores de 24 meses de edad en cinco ciudades de Colombia (Barranquilla, Bogotá, Cali, Cartagena y Riohacha) en el período de agosto a octubre de 2010. La vacuna fue introducida en el Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones en enero de 2009. Se estimaron las coberturas de vacunación contra rotavirus por grupos de edad y la incidencia acumulada de hospitalización por diarrea severa, y se evaluó la magnitud de la asociación entre la vacunación con una o dos dosis de vacuna antirrotavírica y la hospitalización por diarrea, utilizando la razón de probabilidades (RP) ajustada por edad y otros factores de importancia epidemiológica. La efectividad de la vacunación se estimó usando la expresión 1 - RP. RESULTADOS: La cobertura de vacunación con una dosis de vacuna fue de 87,3%. En los 12 meses previos a la encuesta 43,2% (1 453 niños) de menores de 24 meses presentaron diarrea, y de ellos, 5,2% (174 niños) fueron hospitalizados por esta causa. La efectividad de dos dosis de vacuna antirrotavírica para prevenir la hospitalización por diarrea severa fue de 68% (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 55%-77%). CONCLUSIONES: La vacunación contra rotavirus en Colombia protege contra la hospitalización por diarrea por cualquier causa. El uso de encuestas transversales se mostró adecuado para evaluar rápidamente la efectividad de un programa de vacunación con una nueva vacuna.


OBJECTIVE: Estimate the effectiveness of the monovalent rotavirus vaccine in preventing the need to hospitalize children under 2 years old for acute diarrheal disease in five Colombian cities. METHODS:A population survey was conducted based on a probability sample of children over 2 months and under 24 months of age in five Colombian cities (Barranquilla, Bogotá, Cali, Cartagena, and Riohacha) over the period from August through October 2010. The vaccine had been introduced in the Expanded Program on Immunization in January 2009. Rotavirus vaccination coverage was estimated by age group; the cumulative incidence of hospitalization for severe diarrhea was determined; and the magnitude of correlation between vaccination with one or two doses of rotavirus vaccine and hospitalization for diarrhea was calculated using the age-adjusted probability ratio (PR) and other epidemiologically significant factors. Effectiveness of the vaccine was estimated using the expression 1-PR. RESULTS: Coverage with a single dose of the rotavirus vaccine was 87.3%. During the 12 months prior to the survey, 1 453 of the children under 24 months old in the study areas (43.2%) had presented with diarrhea, and of these, 174 (5.2%) had been hospitalized for this cause. The effectiveness of two doses of the vaccine in preventing hospitalization for severe diarrhea was 68% (CI 95% = 55%−77%). CONCLUSIONS: In Colombia, rotavirus vaccination protects against hospitalization for diarrhea due to any cause. The use of cross-sectional surveys appeared to be adequate for rapid evaluation of an immunization program's effectiveness with a new vaccine.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(4): 499-501, June 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-592194

RESUMO

The epidemiological features of rotavirus A (RVA) infection differ between children from developing and developed countries which could result in differences in vaccine efficacy around the world. To evaluate the impact of RotarixTM on RVA prevalence, we monitored RVA genotypes circulating in Goiânia by monitoring virus in faecal samples from children that had or had not been previously vaccinated. From February-November of 2008, 220 faecal samples were collected from children in seven day-care centres. RVA detection was performed by two methodologies and the results were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the 220 samples, eight were RVA-positive (3.6 percent) and five were from children that had received either one or two doses of the vaccine. All positive samples were collected from children with diarrhoea during August and September. Genotyping of the RVA characterised five of the viral samples as genotype G2P[4] and one as G8P[4], suggesting that G2P[4] was the predominant circulating genotype in Goiânia during the study. The fact that vaccinated children were also infected by RVA suggests that the vaccine does not fully protect against infection by the G2[P4] RVA genotype.


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Diarreia , Infecções por Rotavirus , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Brasil , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes , Genótipo , Prevalência , Infecções por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Vacinas Atenuadas
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);16(2): 567-574, fev. 2011.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-582449

RESUMO

Diante da relevância epidemiológica da rotavirose no panorama mundial como importante causa de morbimortalidade no público infantil e da ainda incipiente produção de estudos que versem sobre a problemática no cenário nacional, sem falar na necessidade ímpar de se incentivar o fomento de fazeres educativos que conjuguem o cuidado e a educação como fatores indissociáveis nos espaços de saúde, foi delimitado como objeto de estudo do presente artigo a rotavirose no cenário brasileiro, destacando a vacinação como estratégia de combate a esse mal. Assim, objetiva-se analisar as publicações sobre rotavirose no contexto do nosso país, ressaltando a vacina contra rotavírus (VORH) como a mencionada estratégia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nos bancos de dados BDENF, Lilacs, SciELO e Medline, no mês de fevereiro de 2010. No decorrer do estudo, são discutidos os seguintes pilares temáticos: propriedades do rotavírus; a rotavirose como um problema de saúde pública; e a vacinação contra o rotavírus como ação primordial de proteção à saúde. O estudo evidenciou a importância epidemiológica da rotavirose no cenário mundial e a relevância da vacinação como estratégia de combate a tal problemática.


Due to the epidemiological relevance of rotavirus disease on the worldwide panorama as an important cause of morbid-mortality in the infantile public and to the still incipient production of studies concerning the problematic in the nationwide scenario, not to mention the unique necessity of encouraging the promotion of care and education as inseparable factors in the health spaces, it was delimited as study object of the present article the rotavirus disease in the Brazilian scenario, emphasizing the vaccination as preventive measure against this ill. Thus it is aimed to analyze the publications about rotavirus disease in our country's contexture, stressing the vaccination against the Rotavirus (VORH) as the strategy mentioned. It is a bibliographic research performed on the BDENF, Lilacs, SciELO and Medline databases, in February 2010. During the study the following thematic pillars were discussed: rotavirus characteristics; the rotavirus disease as a public health issue; and the vaccination against rotavirus as primordial action of health care. The study evidenced the epidemiological importance of rotavirus disease in the worldwide scenario and the relevance of vaccination as preventive measure against such problematics.


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Administração Oral , Brasil , Saúde Pública , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/administração & dosagem
13.
Salud pública Méx ; 51(4): 285-290, jul.-ago. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-521566

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar la mortalidad por diarrea en menores de cinco años en México, antes y después de la vacunación contra el rotavirus. Material y métodos. Se compararon defunciones y mortalidad por diarrea mediante diferencias porcentuales anuales por grupo etario, antes (2000-2005) y después (2006-2007) de la vacunación. Resultados. Entre 2000 y 2007 la mortalidad por diarrea disminuyó 42%. En los estados con vacunación, la mortalidad se redujo 15.8 y 27.7% en menores de uno y de uno a cuatro años, respectivamente, en el periodo de 2006 a 2007. Discusión. La reducción observada en la mortalidad por diarrea en menores de cinco años después de 2005 puede atribuirse en parte a la vacunación contra el rotavirus.


Objective. To analyze the mortality due to acute diarrhea in children younger than five years old, before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Mexico. Material and Methods. Number of deaths and mortality rates due to acute diarrhea were compared by children’s age and states’ vaccine status using annual percentage differences before (2000-2005) and after (2006-2007) the introduction of the HRV. Results. From 2000-2007, deaths due to acute diarrhea in children under five years of age dropped 42%. In those states that received the HRV early in 2006, diarrhea mortality decreased between 2006-2007 15.8% in children younger than one year old and 22.7% in children 1-4 years old. Discussion. The observed reduction in mortality due to acute diarrhea in children under five years of age after 2005 can be, in part, attributed to the HRV.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Diarreia/mortalidade , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Doença Aguda , Mortalidade da Criança/tendências , Diarreia Infantil/etiologia , Diarreia Infantil/mortalidade , Diarreia/etiologia , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , México/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/complicações , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação
14.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 77(4): 349-354, dic. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-694237

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: los rotavirus son causa importante de diarrea en el mundo, siendo la causa más frecuente en los países desarrollados. En países en desarrollo, como el nuestro, son importante causa de morbilidad y responsables de diarrea intrahospitalaria. Objetivo: describir los casos de diarrea intrahospitalaria ocurridos en los primeros ocho meses después de la incorporación de la investigación de rotavirus al estudio de las infecciones intrahospitalarias. Métodos: del 1º de abril al 31 de diciembre de 2002 se estudiaron los pacientes de 0 a 14 años denunciados como casos de diarrea intrahospitalaria al Comité de Infecciones Intrahospitalarias del HP-CHPR. La muestra para el diagnóstico de rotavirus fue de materia fecal, que se procesó en el Laboratorio de Virología del Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología del Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina. Las muestras positivas se estudiaron en la Sección Virología de la Facultad de Ciencias donde se realizó la caracterización electroferotípica en gel de poliacrilamida. Se analizaron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, estado nutricional, enfermedad que motivó el ingreso, momento de instalación de la diarrea, servicio de origen, evolución y complicaciones y días de hospitalización. Resultados: todos los rotavirus detectados tenían patrón electroferotípico largo. El porcentaje de diarrea intrahospitalaria asociada a rotavirus en el HP-CHPR en el período estudiado fue de 40%. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 10,9 meses; la mitad de los pacientes tenían buen estado nutricional. El 50% de los niños afectados presentaban una infección respiratoria aguda baja de probable etiología viral al ingreso. La diarrea apareció en promedio a los 7 días de internación y tuvo una duración promedio de 4 días. La duración promedio de la internación fue de 13 días y 5 niños presentaron complicaciones no graves. Discusión: el riesgo de infección nosocomial aumenta cuanto más prolongada es la internación y tiene una no despreciable morbilidad tanto en el presente estudio como en otros trabajos. Es necesario mejorar la notificación de los casos de diarrea intrahospitalaria y continuar estudios que permitan la caracterización genotípica de estas cepas. Se recomienda: lavado frecuente de manos, aislamiento de los niños con gastroenteritis, altas tempranas y educar al personal de salud. Futuros estudios permitirían establecer con más precisión los serotipos y genotipos de las cepas de rotavirus de los niños asistidos en el ámbito público y privado y así poder discutir la potencial eficacia de las vacunas que tal vez estén disponibles en los próximos años.


Summary Introduction: rotavirus is a common cause of worldwide diarrhea being the first cause of this disease in developed countries. In developing countries like ours, is an important cause of communitarian and nosocomial diarrhea. Objective: to describe nosocomial diarrhea cases which took place in the first eight-month period after the incorporation of rotavirus investigation into the nosocomial infections study. Methods: from April first to December 31, 2002, patients between 0 to 14 years old were included as cases of nosocomial diarrhea to the 'Nosocomial Infections Committee' from the Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Stool sample was used for the diagnosis, which was processed at the virology section of the Bacteriology and Virology department from the Hygiene Institution. Positive samples were processed at the Virology section from the Science University where the electrophoretic characterization in poliacrilamide gel was realized. The following data was analyzed: age, nutritional status, cause of hospitalization, duration of disease, evolution and complications, and hospitalization time. Results: all rotavirus detected had long electrophoretic pattern. The percentage of nosocomial diarrhea associated to rotavirus at Pereira Rossell Hospital in the period studied was 40%. Average age was 10,9 months, half of them with a good nutritional status. 50% of the affected children had an acute viral respiratory tract infection since the beginning. Diarrhea appeared approximately after a week and lasted four days. Hospitalization lasted an average of 13 days and 5 children had mild complications. Discussion: the risk of nosocomial infections increases with the duration of hospitalization and has an important morbidity shown in this study as in other studies as well. It is necessary to improve the notification of the cases and continue studying the genotype. It is recommended: frequent handwashing, patients grouping, early delays, and health personnel education. Future studies will establish serotypes and genotypes of different rotavirus at different institutions in order to establish the potential efficacy of the vaccine in the next years.

15.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 20(6): 377-384, dic. 2006. mapas, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-447630

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the annual burden of diarrhea and of diarrhea that is associated with rotavirus (RV) in children who are treated at public clinics and hospitals in Honduras. METHODS: Data were collected from computerized records of all children < 5 years old treated for diarrhea at clinics and hospitals operated by the Secretary of Health for the period of 2000 through 2004. A review of studies of RV in Honduras and neighboring countries provided estimates of detection rates of RV among children treated for acute diarrhea as outpatients or as inpatients. From these data, we estimated the annual number of cases of diarrhea and of rotavirus-related diarrhea in Honduras, the cumulative incidence of diarrhea and of rotavirus-related diarrhea for a child from birth to age 5 years, and the number of fatalities due to RV among children hospitalized for diarrhea. RESULTS: From 2000 through 2004, a mean of 222 000 clinic visits, 4 390 hospitalizations, and 162 in-hospital deaths due to diarrhea were recorded annually among children < 5 years of age in the public health facilities in Honduras. From our review of scientific literature on Honduras and neighboring countries, an estimated 30 percent of outpatients and 43 percent of inpatients who were treated for diarrhea would be expected to have RV. Consequently, we estimated that 66 600 outpatient visits, 1 888 hospitalizations, and 70 in-hospital deaths among children < 5 years in Honduras could be attributed to RV each year. Therefore, a child in the first five years of life has a respective risk for consultation, hospitalization, and in-hospital death of 1:1, 1:46, and 1:1 235 for diarrhea. For an episode associated with RV, the respective risks are 1:3, 1:106, and 1:2 857. These values likely underestimate the true burden of diarrhea in Honduras, since some 51 percent of children with acute diarrhea do not receive formal care for the illness, 70 percent do not receive oral rehydration...


OBJETIVOS: Estimar la carga anual por diarrea y por diarrea asociada con la infección por rotavirus (RV) en niños atendidos en clínicas y hospitales públicos de Honduras. MÉTODOS: Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de los registros computarizados de todos los niños menores de 5 años atendidos por diarrea en clínicas y hospitales operados por la Secretaría de Salud de Honduras durante el período 2000-2004. Una revisión de los estudios realizados sobre RV en Honduras y los países vecinos ofreció estimados de las tasas de detección de RV en niños tratados por diarrea aguda hospitalizados o de forma ambulatoria. Con estos datos se estimó el número anual de casos de diarrea y de diarrea asociada con la infección por RV en Honduras, la incidencia acumulativa de diarrea y de diarrea asociada con la infección por RV en niños menores de 5 años y el número de muertes debido a RV en niños hospitalizados por diarrea. RESULTADOS: Entre los años 2000 y 2004 se registraron medias anuales de 222 000 visitas médicas, 4 390 hospitalizaciones y 162 muertes hospitalarias por diarrea en niños menores de 5 años en instalaciones sanitarias públicas de Honduras. A partir de la revisión de la literatura científica relativa a Honduras y los países vecinos se estimó que 30 por ciento de los casos de diarrea atendidos ambulatoriamente y 43 por ciento de los hospitalizados podrían deberse a RV. En consecuencia, se estimó que 66 600 visitas médicas ambulatorias, 1 888 hospitalizaciones y 70 muertes hospitalarias de niños menores de 5 años pueden atribuirse a la infección por RV anualmente en Honduras. Por lo tanto, los riesgos de un niño en sus primeros 5 años de vida de asistir a una consulta, de ser hospitalizado y de morir en un hospital por diarrea son de 1:1, 1:46 y 1:1 235, respectivamente. Los riesgos asociados con la infección por RV son de 1:3, 1:106 y 1:2 857, respectivamente. Posiblemente, estos valores subestiman la carga real por diarrea en Honduras, ya...


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/complicações , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Honduras/epidemiologia
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