Relationship of mottling score, skin microcirculatory perfusion indices and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with septic shock: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: In patients with septic shock, the skin is often chosen for the evaluation of peripheral perfusion and oxygenation. Changes in skin microcirculatory vessel oxygen saturation and relative hemoglobin concentration can be described using a mottling score or captured with hyperspectral imaging. However, the effectiveness of the mottling score in assessing microcirculation remains to be shown. We hypothesize that the mottling score in patients with septic shock is related to skin microcirculatory perfusion indices quantified by hyperspectral imaging, biomarkers that reflect endothelium activation and damage, and clinical outcome. METHODS: Hyperspectral imaging of the knee area was performed in 95 intensive care patients with septic shock enrolled in a single-center observational study to obtain relative oxy/deoxyhemoglobin concentration values and construct anatomical maps of skin microcirculatory saturation. The blood was sampled to obtain concentrations of thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), angiopoietin-2, and syndecan-1. The spectrophotometrically obtained skin microvascular perfusion indices were compared to the mottling score and biomarker concentration. The association between mottling score, skin microcirculatory perfusion indices, and 28-day mortality was also analyzed. RESULTS: Microcirculatory oxygen saturation was significantly lower and total hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in patients with a mottling score of 2 compared to those with a score of 0 (p = 0.02), with no difference between other scores. We found an association between microcirculatory oxygen saturation and PAI-1 levels (rho = - 0.3; p = 0.007). Increased mottling score and decreased microcirculatory oxygen saturation were predictive of 28-day mortality (mottling score 2 vs 0: OR 15.31, 95% CI 4.12-68.11; microcirculatory oxygen saturation: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.95). Endothelial biomarkers did not increase the predictive value of skin microcirculatory perfusion indices. CONCLUSIONS: Higher mottling scores are associated with lower microcirculatory oxygen saturation but with significant overlap between scores. Microcirculatory oxygen saturation is a quantitative measure of peripheral oxygenation and is more specific than the mottling score in predicting 28-day mortality.

Correlación de la relación excavación/papila óptica medida mediante HRT-III, SD-OCT y el dispositivo de colorimetría fotográfica Laguna OnhE / Correlating cup-to-disc ratios measured by HRT-III, SD-OCT and the new color imaging Laguna ON hE procedure

OBJETIVO: Estudiar la correlación existente entre la relación excavación/papila óptica (E/P) medida mediante el nuevo dispositivo de colorimetría fotográfica Laguna ONhE (Optic Nerve Hemoglobin), tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) de dominio espectral, tomografía retiniana con láser confocal (HRT) y valoración mediante retinografía. MÉTODOS: Un total de 154 ojos de 154 sujetos (52 controles, 36 hipertensos oculares y 66 con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto) fueron estudiados de forma prospectiva determinándose el cociente E/P mediante Laguna ONhE, HRT-III (Heidelberg Engineering), OCT Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering) y el análisis de fotografías de papilas por parte de un observador experto en glaucoma de forma enmascarada. RESULTADOS: Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase (CCI) globales fueron: 0,379 (IC 95%: 0,233-0,508) entre Laguna ONhE y HRT; 0,621 (IC 95%: 0,513-0,709) entre Laguna ONhE y OCT, y 0,558 (IC 95%: 0,398-0,678) entre Laguna ONhE y observador, siendo esta concordancia estadísticamente significativa en todos los casos. El mayor CCI se obtuvo entre OCT y observador: 0,715 (IC 95%: 0,605-0,795). CONCLUSIONES:La medida de E/P estimada por Laguna ONhE presenta buena correlación con la determinada por OCT y la valorada por un especialista en glaucoma. Las mejores correlaciones se encuentran entre OCT y experto. La concordancia fue buena entre Laguna ONhE, OCT y experto, siendo menor con HRT, que presenta una correlación menor con el resto de procedimientos

OBJECTIVE: To examine correlations between cup-to-disc (C/D) ratios determined by the new Laguna ONhE (optic nerve hemoglobin) color imaging procedure, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal scanning laser tomography using Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT), and examining retinal images. METHODS: C/D ratio measurements were made on 154 eyes of 154 subjects (52 healthy controls, 36 with ocular hypertension and 66 with primary open-angle glaucoma) using the Laguna ONhE, HRT-III (Heidelberg Engineering) and OCT Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering) instruments and photographs of the optic disc were examined by a blinded observer (experienced glaucoma specialist). RESULTS: Global intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were: 0.379 (95% CI: 0.233-0.508) for Laguna ONhE-HRT, 0.621 (95% CI: 0.513-0.709) for Laguna ONhE-OCT, and 0.558 (95% CI: 0.398-0.678) for the Laguna ONhE-observer, indicating significant agreement in each case (P<.001). The highest ICC was recorded for OCT- observer (0.715; 95% CI: 0.605-0.795). CONCLUSIONS: C/D ratios measured using the Laguna ONhE procedure correlated well with OCT measurements and retinography measurements made by an experienced observer. Best correlation was observed for OCT versus observer measurements. Agreement was good between the Laguna ONhE, OCT and observer measurements, and was somewhat lower between HRT and the remaining procedures

Evaluación de la perfusión del nervio óptico en las neuropatías ópticas y las enfermedades neurodegenerativas / Evaluation of optic nerve perfusion in optic neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases

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