ABSTRACT
Introduction: Alterations of serum lipid profiles have been reported widely among Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART). However; there are few data on serum lipid profile among treatment na?ve HIV positive patients in our environment. Objectives: To describe the pattern of lipid profile among treatment na?ve HIV positive patients and changes following HAART initiation. Methods: One hundred and thirty HIV positive patients seen in HIV center in an urban area in Nigeria and 44 matched individuals were recruited. Data were collected on socio demographic characters; baseline lipid profiles and CD4 count. Values of lipid parameters were retrieved after 12 months on HAART. Results: The mean Low density lipoprotein(LDL) was 2.26+ 0.9 mmol/l among the test group compared with 0.96+0.39mmol/L among the control ;p value =0.000 .The mean High density lipoprotein (HDL) was also significantly lower;0.8+ 0.6mmol/L reaching a dyslipidemic level; in the HIV positive group than the control; p value = 0.00. Tuberculosis /HIV co infected patients had a significantly elevated mean LDL; p=0.002. Conclusion: Abnormality of serum lipid is common among treatment na?ve HIV patients seen in Nigeria. The NNRTI regimen is associated with elevation of HDL and some stabilization of TC and TG
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Infections , Lipids , NigeriaABSTRACT
Background: The Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority is considering limiting the number of embryos that can be transferred to single embryo per cycle as has been done in several European countries; with the aim of reducing the rate of multiple pregnancies and its attendant complications following in vitro fertilization (IVF) / Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Objective: To determine the number of embryos patients' attending a fertility clinic in Nigeria; would prefer transferred during IVF/ICSI. Materials and Methods: Fifty four consecutive female patients who underwent IVF/ICSI procedures between May 2006 and April 2007 at the Port Harcourt Fertility Centre; Rivers State were interviewed using structured questionnaires. They were informed of all the obstetric and perinatal complications of multiple pregnancies and the advantages and trend towards single embryo transfer and then asked to choose the number of embryos (one; two or three) they would prefer transferred assuming similar implantation rates. Each respondent was allowed to give reason(s) for their choice. Design: Prospective; descriptive study. Results: Fifty one (94.4) of the respondents preferred the transfer of multiple (2 or 3) embryos. Only three (5.6) patients opted for single embryo transfer. Majority of the patients (31 or 60.8) preferred multiple embryo transfer because of their desire for twins while twenty (39.2) cited cost of IVF as their reason. Fifteen (29.4) patients saw multiple pregnancies as a compensation for their long periods of infertility. Conclusion: With the desire for twins and high poverty level in Nigeria; a policy of single embryo transfer might be difficult to implement. Health economic studies would be required to determine if the accumulative cost of taking care of twins/triplets is less; equal or outweighs the cost of several single embryo transfers