Presentation and character for adult patients with diabetes in Libya

Diabetes is a global issue, the diabetes epidemic is expected to continue, and the burden of diabetes causes catastrophic expenditure for healthcare system. The current study aimed to determine the presentation, the clinical feature and cardio-vascular risk factors in patients with diabetes. A retrospective observational study had been conducted in out-patients department at Almustaqpal Almosherq Centre during September, 2013 till September, 2020, the total number of attended out-patients department were 1 024, 820 patients who were selected for this study. A special perform was completed for every patient, which included details about patient's demographics, points in clinical history, relevant investigations and clinical examinations were recorded. The study reported that out of 820 patients, 66% (n = 538) was female and their age range was between 14 - 87 years with a mean age of 56.53 ± 13.49 years, 96% (n = 791) were clinically diagnosed as type II diabetes, 07% of the patients were diagnosed as pre-diabetes, the duration of diabetes ranged from newly diagnosed to more than 10 years, with 46% (n = 379) of the studied population were more than 10 years diabetes duration, 70% (581) were presented with classical symptoms of diabetes. Initial treatment for diabetes also different in the studied sample, were absent of anti-diabetic medications in 30% (n = 248) of the patients, they refused to start glucose lowering drugs, 34.6% (n = 284) of them have morbid obesity (body mass index is more than 40), 80% (n = 662) have high HBA1c (more than 8 g%), 40.3% (n = 240/596) were uncontrolled hypertension on anti-hypertension drugs, 95.6% (n = 682/713) were controlled on treatment of lipid lowering drugs. This study showing the presentation of diabetes were the common, type II diabetes, at age group between 41 - 66 years about 65%, female sex, with high body mass index, high glycated hemglobulin and uncontrolled hypertension. There is concern that diabetic patients were occurring at a high frequency in younger adults, where longer duration of illness could increase the risk of developing more complications in later life. The rate of coexist cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity) in Libyan patients with diabetes is highlighted.

Cholesterolemia and triglyceridemia changes in adult with malaria in a hypo-endemic malaria region, Butembo-DR Congo

changes occur commonly among patients affected with malaria. This study aimed to assess lipid changes in blood among patients with malaria in Butembo, a hypoendemic region. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in the Departments of Internal and Parasitology of Matanda Hospital, located in Butembo, from July 1st, 2020, to November 2, 2020; involved 100 patients diagnosed with malaria. Biochemical analyses carried out by three lab technicians were performed among patients who had positive malaria using positive thick film. Plasmodial species, the parasite density, the triglycerides, the total cholesterol, the HDL-cholesterol, the LDL-cholesterol were assessed. Results: Cholesteroleamia and HDLemia demonstrated a low level in 93% and in 61% of participants respectively; whereas 73% of cases showed an increased level of triglycerides in the blood. Lipidemia profile was independently associated with parasite density among patients with malaria. Conclusion: Although the lipid changes in the blood are not specific in the diagnosis of malaria, this study highlighted their status among patients with malaria. Further researches should be conducted to determine their impact on malaria outcomes. Therefore, dyslipidemia could be used in malaria screening.

Lipid - Lowering Effect of a Mixture of Allium cepa bulb and Camellia sinensis Leaf Extracts in Rats fed on High fat Diet

The burden of hyperlipidemia is on the rise globally especially in many low-income countries like Uganda. Management of this metabolic disorder mainly involves dietary and behavioral therapies, which are often met with poor results as they require time and discipline from the patients. The chemotherapeutic options available are expensive, have many side effects and are rarely available to the average citizen. Thus, an alternative effective remedy which is readily available and cheap is needed to combat the problem of hyperlipidemia. This study sought to establish the effect of the mixture of Allium cepa extract and Camellia sinensis extract on the serum lipid profile of the male Wistar rats. Allium cepa and Camellia sinensis mixture in a ratio of 3:7 had the highest antioxidant activity. It reduced body weight, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL, and in addition it had no toxicity to the liver of the animal models used. It has thus been recommended as a potential therapy for hyperlipidemia and its associated complication of liver toxicity. A pharmaco-kinetic study regarding the interaction of antioxidants for combinations of Allium cepa and Camellia sinensis extracts in different ratios should be conducted to understand the cause of synergism and antagonism.

Effect of calcium lactate supplementation on cholesterol concentration in patients with hyperlipidaemia and previous viral hepatitis: a preliminary report

The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of calcium supplementation on cholesterol concentrations in patients with hyperlipidaemia and previous viral hepatitis. The study comprised 43 patients; aged 28 to 82 years (21 with type 2 hyperlipidaemia). The control group included 22 healthy subjects. After four weeks of a hypolipaemic diet (wash-out period); the patients with type 2 hyperlipidaemia were recruited to a group administered a complex preparation containing 170 mg of calcium lactate and 60 mg of vitamin C (Calcium C; Polfa-Lodz SA; Poland) at a dose of one tablet three times a day. After four weeks of active therapy; the concentration of total cholesterol (TC); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) decreased by 4; 6 and 8; respectively. Statistical significance was obtained for only TC (p = 0.03) when comparing the group of patients with hypercholesterolaemia before and after the therapy with the calcium preparation. A statistically insignificant increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of 1was observed. Within the four-week period of calcium supplementation at a dose of 510 mg/24 h; the total concentration of calcium decreased by 3; whereas the concentration of ionised calcium increased by 7. None of the obtained values was of statistical significance. In patients with type 2 hyperlipidaemia and previous viral hepatitis; a four-week supplementation of calcium in a calcium lactate preparation beneficially modified the lipid profile. it statistically significantly decreased the total cholesterol concentration by 4(p = 0.03); did not cause any significant changes in serum calcium concentration; was well tolerated and did not induce any side effects

Lipid profile of healthy adult nigerians in Port Hacourt, Nigeria

Background: Hyperlipidaemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor for coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension and stroke. It is thought that serum cholesterol levels are low in Nigerians as shown by results of a population survey done over twenty years ago. In addition the last national non communicable disease survey recorded a low prevalence of Hyperlipidaemia (4.0%) in Nigeria. With increasing urbanisation and socioeconomic improvement, changing population dynamics is expected to influence disease pattern and noncomminucable diseases are expected to rise. Thus there is a need to screen healthy adults for their lipid pattern in Port Harcourt a city with high population dynamics where such studies have not been previously reported. Method: A prospective descriptive population survey was carried out among healthy adults residing in Port Harcourt. A total of ninety two adults were screened after obtaining informed consent. Weight, height, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and fasting lipid profile were measured. Results were analysed using simple statistical methods. Results: A total of ninety two subjects were recruited into the study. Fourty seven (51.1%) of the subjects were males while fourty five (48.9%) were females. The age range of subjects was 24-59 years with mean of 38.84 ± 8.36 years. The mean BMI was 28.76 ± 5.91 Kg/m2. There was no significant statistical difference between the mean BMI for males and females. The mean fasting blood sugar, mean total cholesterol and mean LDL cholesterol were 4.45 ± 0.89 mmol/L, 4.76 ± 1.06 mmol/L and 3.65 ± 0.89 mmol/L. The mean total triglyceride was 1.02 ± 0.30 mmol/L while the mean HDL was 0.90 ± 0.25 mmol/L. There was an increase in total cholesterol with increasing age and an increase in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol with increasing social class. Subjects with total cholesterol above 6.5mmol/L constituted 31.52 % of study subjects. Subjects with BMI between 25-29 Kg/m2 made up 43.48% of subjects while 33.69% of subjects had BMI above 30Kg/m2. Conclusion: A high mean total and LDL cholesterol values were observed among healthy adults in Port Harcourt. The prevalence of obesity was also found to be high. There is a need for public health action to address these findings especially as high serum cholesterol levels have a direct correlation with coronary artery disease. Further large scale urban survey of non communicable diseases in the country is therefore necessary at this time

Control of Hyperlipidaemia; Hypercholesterolaemia and Hyperketonaemia by Aqueous Extract of Dioscorea Dumetorum Tuber

PURPOSE: Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax) used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus possesses hypoglycaemic effect. The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of the tuber on blood lipid and ketone levels in alloxan - induced diabetic rats. METHOD: Wistar strain albino rats were made diabetic with the intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate. Consequently; an aqueous extract of Dioscorea dumetorum tuber was administered orally to the diabetic rats and their plasma and urine glucose; triacylglycerol; choles terol and a-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were estimated using standard procedures. Results were compared with untreated normal and diabetic control rats. Phytochemical screening of the extract of the tuber was also carried out. RESULTS: Treatment with the extract significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced elevated blood levels of triacylglycerol; cholesterol and Beta- hydroxybutyrate associated with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The aqueous extract tested positive for flavonoids; alkaloids; saponins and cardiac glycosides. CONCLUSION: From this study; the tuber has proved not only to be an effective hypoglycaemic agent; but also possesses significant (p less than 0.05) hypolipidaemic and hypocholesterolaemic properties while also ameliorating ketosis

Diabete et hyperlidemies en Cote d'Ivoire

Notre travail est une etude transversale menee sur une periode de douze ans (1986-1997) et relatif a l'association Diabete et hyperlipidemies en Cote d'ivoire. Il a concerne 1264 diabetiques regulierement suivis a la consultation d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Metaboliques du CHU de Treichville. Les resultats sont les suivants. Sur le plan epidemiologique : prevalence de l'association diabetehyperlydemies : 33 pour cent avec 38;1 pour cent d'hypercholesterolemie pure; 41 pour cent d'hypertriglyceridemie et 20;9 pour cent d'hyperlipidemie mixte; la tranche d'age 45-60 ans est la plus atteinte (61;6 pour cent); la morbidite est sensiblement la meme chez l'homme (51;2 pour cent) et la femme (38;8 pour cent); les patients de niveau socio-economique bas predominent (53 pour cent); le groupe ethno-culturel Kwa (Akan) est apparemment le plus touche; sans doute en raison de sa predominance dans la population Ivoirienne. Sur le plan bioclinique : Le DNID predomine avec 83;7 pour cent et l'hyperglycemie chronique est en correlation avec l'hyperlipidemie chez le diabetique; -baisse du HDL-cholesterol dans 26 pour cent des cas et elevation du LDL-cholesterol dans 38;2 pour cent des cas. Sur le plan evolutif : Les complications infectieuses urinaires ont une correlation avec le statuts lipidique et le diabetique hyperlipidemique semble faire plus de coronaropathie que le non hyperlipidemique. Repartition des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire associes : 68;6 pour cent d'UTA; 43;2 pour cent d'obesite et 18 pour cent d'hyperuricemie. Sur le plan therapeutique : Le regime hypolipidique predomine (75;8 pour cent). Il est d'autant plus favorable qu'il s'agit d'un cas d'hypercholesterolemie pure (66;7 pour cent); la qualite de l'observance du traitement est d'autant plus mauvaise qu'il s'agit d'un patient de niveau socio-economique bas; en raison de son faible pouvoir d'achat (76;8 pour cent). L'association Diabete et hyperlipidemies; relativement frequente; vient alourdir les mesures de prise en charge deja difficiles et couteuses des diabetiques en cote d'Ivoire

"Hyperlipidemia in ""A"" blood group African subjects"

"Atherosclerosis is known to be related to hypercholesterolemia and ""ABO"" blood group in non African adults. This study was undertaken to determine if such a correlation between high lipid fractions and ABO blood groups also exists in African population. Two hundred and two subjects were used in this study: 36.5 per cent of them belonged to the A blood group.; 14.8 per cent to the B blood group; 2 per to the AB blood group and 46.7 per cent to the O blood group. Blood group A subjects were found to be having high total cholesterol and ApoB level and a slight increase of LDL.C Level. Analysis of the variance showed that the cholesterol level of blood group A persons was significantly different from blood group B. ApoB level of blood group A subjects was significantly different from blood B or O. When separated into two sexes; there was no significant difference between the cholestrerol level of A blood group female and male; and between their ApoB level. Elevated level of cholesterol associated in blood group A persons with high ApoB level and high ApoB/ApoA1 ratio over 0.65 enable the authors to conclude that these persons belonged to a high cardiovascular risk group; and this disease could be prevented by an early diet management"

Profil lipidique general d'un groupe de malades insuffisants renaux chroniques camerounais

Dans un groupe de 52 malades insuffisants renaux chroniques; nous avons mesure les lipoproteines de haute densite (HDL); les lipoproteines de basse densite (LDL) et les triglycerides (TG); le cholesterol total (CT) ainsi que le quotient CLDL/CHLD qui mesure le risque atherogene. Les valeurs moyennes montrent que l'hyperlipidemie est constante dans l'insuffisance renale chronique (IRC) a Yaounde et 61 pour cent des malades du groupe etudie sont a risque atherogene