ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:The aim of the study is to determine the pattern of retinopathy seen in diabetic patients attending the outpatient clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients who were attending the diabetic clinic and who consented were examined over a three-month period. Information obtained includes patient's bio data, type and duration of disease, and findings on eye examination. The fundus was examined with direct and indirect ophthalmoscopes, +90 D with slit lamp and fundal photography. Retinopathy was graded using the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale (ICDRDSS). RESULTS: A total of 214 patients were examined during the study period. There were 88 males and 126 females (M: F = 1: 1.43). The mean age of the study population was 52.14 ± 13.23 years. The mean age of patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) was 49.14 ± 13.17 years and the mean age of patients with DR was 58.51 ± 10.94 years. Forty nine patients (23%) had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) while 165 patients (77%) had non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). There was statistically significant difference in presence of retinopathy in patients with IDDM compared to those with NIDDM [X(2) =29.77 {95% CI}, P=0.000]. DR was significantly more common in patients with disease duration of 15 years or more compared with those with disease duration of 14 years or less [X(2) = 65.85, {95% CI} P= 0.000]. Based on ICDRDSS scale, 136 patients (64%) had no retinopathy and 78 patients (36%) had retinopathy. Some patients were visually impaired and the cause of blindness was DR in 6 patients (2.8%). Cataract and glaucoma were the cause in 6 patients (2.8%).CONCLUSION:Diabetic retinopathy is common in our environment and is more frequent in IDDM and those with long disease duration. DR is a cause of visual disability although diabetic patients are not exempted from blindness from other eye diseases such as cataract and glaucoma. A screening program needs to be developed to facilitate early detection and prompt treatment
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Hospitals, Teaching , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Nigeria , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
"L'insulinotherapie de ""survie""; basee sur l'injection quotidienne unique d'une insuline d'action retard; est certes commode mais peu efficace en general. De ce fait; en depit des difficultes reelles liees aussi bien aux ressources materielles qu'humaines; les auteurs ont entrepris ce travail sur l'insulinotherapie conventionnelle optimisee. Le desequilibre glycemique principalement du a l'injection; represente la principale indication du traitement intensif. Celui-ci n'est efficace que dans 51 pour cent des cas au prix d'une hospitalisation longue (de duree superieure a 30 jours 28 pour cent des cas) et couteuse (119171;70 F CFA) en moyenne). Par ailleurs les effets collateraux et notamment l'hypoglycemie (30 pour cent de cas) sont nombreux et constituent l'ineluctable rancon du traitement"