Relationship between serum level of ionized calcium, magnesium, phosphate, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with stages of CKD

Background: Chronic kidney disease is defined as either damage or a decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate of less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 for 3 or more months. There is destruction of renal mass with irreversible sclerosis and loss of nephron leading to a progressive decline in GFR.Secondary hyperparathyroidism hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia and vitamin-D deficiency are common complications of CKD. Objective: To determine relationship between serum level of ionised calcium, magnesium, phosphate, vitamin-D and parathyroid hormone with stages of CKD. Method: This study was conducted at ABUTH Zaria. 125 consecutive adult patients in various stages of CKD who presented were enrolled and 125 apparently healthy matched for sex and age controls were also recruited. Results: 9% of patients were in stage-1, 16% in stage-2, 22% in stage-3, 12% in stage-4 and 41% in stage-5. Serum ionised calcium, vitamin-D and eCrCl showed a progressive decline as the stage of CKD advances, while serum phosphate, creatinine and iPTH showed a progressive increase as the stage of CKD advances. Changes in serum magnesium showed a slight change with advancing stages of CKD. The difference in mean serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin-D, parathyroid hormone, creatinine and eCrCl with different stages of CKD were statistically significant. eCrCl correlated negatively with phosphate and iPTH while serum creatinine correlated negatively with calcium and positively with phosphate and iPTH. Conclusion: Majority of CKD patients were in late stage. Correlation of analytes with stages was more in late stages and biochemical derangements occurred in late, rather than early stages of CKD

Pre-exposure and Post-exposure new prophylactic treatments against COVID-19 in healthcare workers

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 or novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pandemic continues to spread. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 in Wuhan (China), healthcare workers have been infected and are considered at high risk of contamination. Moreover, in addition to the physical effects of COVID-19, the pandemic results in important mental health issues among healthcare workers such as anxiety, stress, depression, and further nervous or mental disorders. Despite the increasing number of clinical trials aiming to develop vaccines or test antiviral molecules, till now no efficient anti- SARS-CoV-2 drugs have been validated. The COVID-19 pandemic led us to call for an urgent nutritional intervention model that should be established to prevent and/or reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers. In the present paper, we suggest a safe nutritional supplementation of MgZn- B vitamins (B1, B6, B9, and B12) in healthcare workers as pre-exposure and post-exposure new prophylactic treatments. Furthermore, the paper reports the scientific arguments and the possible mechanisms by which the Mg-Zn- B vitamins supplementation may exert its beneficial effects in the healthcare workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the Mg-Zn- B vitamins supplementation would enhance the immune response against SARS-CoV2, prevent inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, fight or alleviate the COVID-19-related mental health issues, or even reduce the replication. Each element of the supplementation possesses important and promising effects contributing to the possible efficiency of the suggested Mg-ZnB vitamins supplementation in healthcare workers

Magnesium: effects on physical and mental performance

Magnesium is a chemical element used by every organ in the body, especially the brain, skeletal muscles and the heart. It functions as a cofactor in approximately 600 enzyme systems that regulate many different biochemical reactions, including aerobic and anaerobic energy production, protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation.1-3 Magnesium is instrumental in combating fatigue and energy loss, and is essential for optimal physical and mental performance

Insulin resistance in apparently healthy adult nigerians: association with magnesium status

Magnesium plays a critical role in glucose metabolism and evidences suggest that magnesium deficiency is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. However, it is likely that these relationships are affected by genetic and environmental factors that can differ among different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of insulin resistance and its association with magnesium status among apparently healthy adult Nigerians. Fasting plasma levels of magnesium, glucose and insulin were determined in 120 apparently healthy adults. Insulin resistance was calculated as HOMA-IR. Prevalence of insulin resistance was estimated and the association between plasma magnesium levels and HOMA-IR was determined. About 19.2% of the study subjects were classified as having insulin resistance. Prevalence was higher among males compared to females (21.0% vs. 17.0%) and among obese compared to normal weight subjects (26.1% vs. 14.9%). Subjects with hypomagnesemia had higher prevalence of insulin resistance compared with subjects who had normal plasma magnesium levels (50.0% vs. 14.4%). Insulin resistance was inversely associated with plasma magnesium level independent of age, gender and BMI. Insulin resistance is relatively common among apparently healthy individuals in this study. Magnesium deficiency was found to be a significant predictor of insulin resistance. We recommend further studies that will investigate whether optimization of magnesium status in general population or among individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes will be a useful approach in lowering insulin resistance and prevent or delay onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our setting

Prise en charge de la pré-éclampsie : le pidolate de magnésium injectable peut-il être une alternative au sulfate de magnésium dans les pays à ressources limitées ?

Introduction : La pré-éclampsie et ses complications représentent la deuxième cause de mortalité maternelle dans notre pays. L'administration de magnésium sulfate en IV est la référence du traitement médical, mais le pidolate de magnésium par voie IM peut être une alternative. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, comparative, randomisée en double aveugle, menée de janvier 2015 à décembre 2015 à la maternité du centre hospitalo-universitaire (CHU) de Cocody-Abidjan. Tous les cas de pré-éclampsie modérée, soit une pression artérielle systolique ≥ 140 mmHg et une pression artérielle diastolique ≥ 90 mmHg, associée à une protéinurie à 300 mg chez des gestantes porteuses d'une grossesse à 37 semaines d'aménorrhée (SA), ont été retenus (n = 136). Ces gestantes ont été réparties en deux groupes de 68 cas et ont été suivies régulièrement dans l'attente de la décision d'accouchement. Cette surveillance hospitalière comportait, outre un examen obstétrical et général complet, un contrôle horaire systématique de la pression artérielle (PA) et la recherche de la protéinurie aux bandelettes réactives jusqu'à l'accouchement. Le premier groupe de gestantes représentait les cas et a reçu un traitement au pidolate de magnésium injectable (Mag injectable 0,8%®) à raison de 244,2mg de magnésium par jour, réparti en 3 injections intramusculaires (IM) d'une ampoule de 10ml contenant 81,4mg de magnésium, chaque 8 heures. Aux gestantes du 2e groupe, qui représentaient le groupe témoin, il a été prescrit un traitement par le sulfate de magnésium injectable, selon le protocole de l'OMS, soit en traitement d'attaque : 14g en dose de charge répartie de la manière suivante : 10g en IM dont 5g dans chaque fesse et 4g en IV, puis en traitement d'entretien : 1g en IV après chaque 4h jusqu'à l'accouchement. Lorsque persistaient les signes de gravité, la césarienne ou le déclenchement artificiel du travail étaient immédiatement décidés. Ces gestantes ont, parallèlement, reçues un traitement antihypertenseur. L'analyse statistique a consisté en une comparaison de l'issue de la grossesse et la survenue de complications aiguës materno-fœtales de la pré-éclampsie. Le test du khi deux au seuil de signification fixé à 5% (p<0,05) et le t-Student ont été utilisés pour la comparaison des effectifs.Résultats : Nous n'avons pas observé de différence significative concernant l'apparition de complications maternelles (éclampsie, hématome rétro placentaire et HELLP syndrome), ou de complications fœtales (petit poids de naissance, mort fœtale in utero et mauvais score d'Apgar), entre les 2 groupes. Conclusion : Le pidolate de magnésium par voie IM est aussi efficace dans la prévention de la crise d'éclampsie que le magnésium sulfate. Il présente, en outre, l'avantage de sa meilleure disponibilité, d'une facilité d'emploi et d'un coût faible

The Use of Magnesium Sulphate for the Treatment of Severe Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia

Background : Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are important causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. There is need to provide the most effective management to pre-eclamptic and eclamptic patients. There is now evidence that magnesium sulphate is the most effective anticonvulsant. Method : In this article; a literature review was made on the contribution of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia to maternal mortality and how it can be curtailed by the use of magnesium sulphate. Results : The drug is administered by the Pritchard or Zuspan regimen; although modifications in the two protocols have been reported. Conclusion : A Nigerian national protocol has been developed on its use. There is need for further training of health workers on how to use this important drug