ABSTRACT
Contexte & objectif. La dimension nutritionnelle du confinement instauré à l'occasion de la pandémie COVID-19 n'a pas encore était étudiée en milieu africain. La présente étude a pour objectifs d'identifier et analyser les caractéristiques nutritionnelles chez l'adulte actif et la personne âgée congolais pour dépister d'éventuelles carences. Méthodes. Dans une enquête transversale menée lors du second confinement entre avril et mai 2020, quelques ménages de Bacongo (Brazzaville, Congo) recrutés aléatoirement, ont été interviewés sur base d'un questionnaire de type alimentaire quantitatif. Elle portait sur la nature et la quantité des aliments consommés durant toute la journée, du lever au coucher. Les apports quotidiens ont été calculés, et rendus en termes de % d'énergie fournie respectivement par les glucides, les lipides et les protides ; ainsi que les oligo-éléments, et les vitamines (A, B et C). Résultats. La valeur nutritionnelle moyenne globale était de 2123,5 ± 494,5 Kcal, chez les 183 sujets inclus (107 adultes en activité professionnelle âgés entre 31 et 59 and et 76 personnes âgées de 66 à 80 ans). Spécifiquement, les besoins en glucides étaient couverts à hauteur de 81,5 %, tandis que ceux en protéines et en lipides étaient insuffisants, respectivement de l'ordre 33,5 g/j et 59,5 g/j en moyenne. Les apports en calcium, phosphore, et magnésium, étaient conformes aux normes recommandées, étant respectivement : de 613,9 mg, 709,8 mg et 267,5 mg. Les apports en fer se situaient à la limite inférieure de la normale (7,7 mg) chez les sujets âgés de plus de 66 ans. Les apports en vitamines A et C étaient satisfaisants, tandis qu'un risque de carence était observé pour les vitamines B1 et B2, dans le groupe des sujets âgés de 31 à 59 ans (0,17 mg et 0,58 mg). Conclusion. Ces observations suggèrent un effet négatif du confinement dans le domaine nutritionnel, justifiant des stratégies adaptées de supplémentation alimentaire, en vue de renforcer les capacités immunitaires dans la population exposée.
Context & objective. Nutritional impact of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been studied in African environment. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional characteristics of active adults and the elderly Congolese to screen for possible deficiencies. Methods. The cross-sectional survey was carried out between April and May 2020, during the 2nd Covid-19 lockdown. Few households in Bacongo (Brazzaville) were randomly recruited and interviewed, using a quantitative food-type questionnaire, adressing the nature and quantity of food consumed throughout the day. Daily intakes were measured and reported as percentage of energy supplied respectively by carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; as well as trace elements, and few vitamins. Results. The overall average nutritional value around 2123.5 ± 494.5 kcal reflects an insufficient intake; specifically for proteins (33,5g/d) and fat (59,5g/d) requirements, except for carbohydrates (81,5%). The intakes of calcium (613.9 mg), phosphorus (709,8 mg), and magnesium (267,5 mg) met the recommended standards. Iron intakes were at the lower limit of normal (7.7 mg) in subjects aged more than 66 yrs to. Vitamin intakes were relevant for vitamins A and C, while slightly deficient in subjects aged 31- 59 yrs for vitamins B1 and B2. Conclusion. The present observations suggest a negative nutritional impact of lockdown, highlighting the need for targeted nutritional strategies of food supplementation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nutrition Assessment , Containment of Biohazards , COVID-19 , Congo , AdultABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate nutrition care and nursing professional knowledge received by adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy attending primary health care (PHC) facilities Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study.Subjects and setting: The study was conducted on 263 adults and 75 nursing professionals, recruited from 19 facilities in the Mbombela sub-district, Mpumalanga.Outcome measures: Interviewer-administered questionnaires were completed for each patient. Nursing professionals completed a self-administered questionnaire. Assessment tools were completed for each facility.Results: Some 41% of patients were either overweight or obese, and most females (n = 87; 51.8%) had a BMI ⥠25 kg/m2. Based on waist circumference, 52.7% (n = 88) of females and 8.4% (n = 8) of males showed increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Although nurses were aware of a nutrition supplementation programme, knowledge of national nutrition guidelines was inadequate. Clinical judgement, rather than eligibility criteria, was used to identify suitable patients, with 13.3% (n = 35) receiving supplementation whereas only 4.9% (n = 13)qualified. Facilities generally had sufficient equipment and fair storage conditions,but stock shortages of nutrition supplements were problematic.Conclusions: Whilst certain positive findings emerged, nutrition care could be improved, largely through adequate training and support to professional nurses. Training should focus on correct execution of assessment measurements and appropriate nutritional counselling, emphasising balanced eating, food security and prevention of over-nutrition. Nurses should be familiarised with national nutrition guidelines and have access to a constant nutrition supplementation supply. Improved monitoring and evaluation of nutrition care to adults on treatment at PHC facilities is needed
Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Nutrition Assessment , South AfricaABSTRACT
Background. School feeding programmes are intended to alleviate short-term hunger, improve nutrition and cognition of children, andprovide incomes to families.Objectives. To assess the nutritional status of children receiving meals provided by the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) inCapricorn Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods. The setting was 18 randomly selected schools on the NSNP in Capricorn District. The total sample comprised 602 randomlyselected schoolchildren from grades 4 to 7, aged 10 (26.6%), 11 (35.4%) and 12 (35.4%). Socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometricmeasurements, dietary patterns and school attendance were determined. Children were interviewed to assess their nutritional status using avalidated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations (SDs) and ranges were used for socioeconomic parametersand dietary patterns, and z-scores for anthropometric data.Results. The results showed that boys (9.5%) and girls (7.8% ) were underweight. The prevalence of stunting in the sample was 11.3% forboys and 7.4% for girls, whereas boys (3.6%) and girls (4.2%)were wasted, with az-score of 2 SD. School attendance was good.Conclusion. The nutritional status of most subjects in the study was within the acceptable range as indicated by the assessment of growthusing anthropometric measurements
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Child , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , South AfricaABSTRACT
The aim of this review article is to give a holistic overview on the magnitude of nutrition-related diseases in the North African region and to outline major factors associated with the prevalence of these complications. A literature analysis was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar for data relating to nutrition-related diseases published between January 2007 and March 2017. The employed keywords were; "Algeria AND Morocco AND Tunisia AND Nutrition-Related diseases". We focused firstly on the nutrition-related diseases associated to inadequate intake of nutrients and unhealthy dietary habits such as low birth weight, anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies, thereafter, diseases associated with changes in lifestyle such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are highlighted. Factors contributing to nutritional problems vary from country to another. Low socioeconomic status, low educational levels, unhealthy eating habits, poverty and ignorance are mainly responsible for both under and over nutrition problems. Despite their alarming rates, national strategies to combat these nutritional diseases do not exist or are ineffective in North African countries. Efforts are focused on therapeutic actions, however, the scarcity or the complete lack of preventive health care services, epidemiological surveys, nutritional surveillance and lack of nutritional assessment need to be considered. Continuous and accurate analyses of the evolving situation will allow setting up a good tools, strategies and health intervention programs in North African countries. â
Subject(s)
Africa, Northern , Anemia , Micronutrients , Nutrition Assessment , Nutrition Disorders/complications , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
The study investigated the knowledge; attitude and practice (KAP) of sandwich under graduate students of Delta State University; Abraka; on condom use for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections(STls) and unwanted pregnancy. This is with a view of assessing the relevance of knowledge to attitude and practice. Three hypotheses were generated to guide the study. A self designed (KAP) questionnaire with 18 questions items were used to generate information. The sample was 610 students. Percentages and chi- square statistics were used to analyze the data. It was found that students had good knowledgeof condom use towards the prevention of STls and un wanted pregnancy. There was also a relationship between knowledge and attitude. Males and females do not differ in their knowledge; attitude and practice of condom use. It was recommended that family and sexuality education be a part of the school curriculum; while the media should continuously be used to campaign for the use of condom in the prevention of STls and unwanted pregnancy
Subject(s)
Body Mass Index , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Schools , StudentsABSTRACT
This is a descriptive survey that was carried out to assess the nutritional status of school pupil in Bokkos. A multi-staged sampling technique was used. An interview guide (Structured Questionnaires) was used to obtain data from the pupils of the various primary schools in Bokkos. The result showed that 34 of the pupils are within the age range (7-9) years. and 17.5 of the pupils are of the age range of (13-15) years. Mean age of respondents was 6.6years. Furthermore the average height and weight of the respondents was 1.27m and 27kg respectively. The average body mass index of the study population is 12.6 kg/m2. A null hypothesis tested at significant level of 0.05 suggested that; there is no/a significant relationship between BMI and gender. It was therefore concluded that the nutritional status of pupils in Bokkos is low. Recommendations like nutritional education on the constituent of food locally available in the community; and Government should subsidize agricultural inputs so as to encourage local farmers to produce crops that have high nutritional value among others were made
Subject(s)
Nutrition Assessment , Nutrition Disorders , Nutritional Status , SchoolsABSTRACT
Background: Undernutrition and overweight are commonly overlooked health problems of the elderly, often due to the implicit assumption that undernutrition is a rare occurrence in old age and overweight is an invariable consequence of ageing. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 500 patients aged 60 years and above who presented consecutively at the general outpatient department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between September and October 2009, was undertaken. The main outcome measures were prevalence of nutritional problems (undernutrition and overweight), healthcare utilisation pattern and morbidities. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to assess undernutrition, while body mass index was used to assess body weight. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition and overweight was 7.8% and 54.1%, respectively. Previous hospital admission (p < 0.001) and chronic morbidities like hypertension (p < 0.001), osteoarthritis (p < 0.001) and psychosomatic disease (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with undernutrition, but not with overweight. Logistic regression analysis showed that previous hospital admission (OR = 2.105, 95% CI 1.479-2.996) and hypertension (OR = 0.122, 95% CI 0.048-0.306) were the most important factors contributing to the development of undernutrition. Conclusion: Nutritional problems were prevalent among the elderly in this setting. Co-morbidities in the elderly constitute risk factors to be addressed in order to reduce the occurrence of nutritional problems. Health workers should always assess the elderly for nutritional problems, together with other morbidities with which they may present, and institute appropriate management
Subject(s)
Aged , Malnutrition , Nigeria , Nutrition Assessment , Nutrition Disorders , Nutritional Status , OverweightABSTRACT
Nutritional status screening; assessment and monitoring is essential in the critically ill patient to reduce morbidity and mortality and to decrease hospitalisation costs. We in South Africa should establish where we are in terms of hospital-acquired malnutrition; perform a gap analysis and define a strategy to correct our shortcomings. We need to set a mission and vision for where we want to be. Elements to be addressed will include promoting a greater awareness of the negative consequences of existing and acquired malnutrition in the critically ill patient introducing an appropriate screening tool(s) based on our local patient demographics and financial resources; and sensitise the relevant role players. Adequate nutrition is a vital part of successful treatment; and should be sold as such
Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Malnutrition , Nutrition Assessment , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Nutritional status screening; assessment and monitoring is essential in the critically ill patient to reduce morbidity and mortality and to decrease hospitalisation costs. We in South Africa should establish where we are in terms of hospital-acquired malnutrition; perform a gap analysis and define a strategy to correct our shortcomings. We need to set a mission and vision for where we want to be. Elements to be addressed will include promoting a greater awareness of the negative consequences of existing and acquired malnutrition in the critically ill patient introducing an appropriate screening tool(s) based on our local patient demographics and financial resources; and sensitise the relevant role players. Adequate nutrition is a vital part of successful treatment; and should be sold as such
Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Malnutrition , Nutrition Assessment , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this descriptive study was to assess the practices of South African dietitians regarding the dietary treatment of patients with chronic renal failure. Subjects and design: A questionnaire was mailed to 600 randomly selected dietitians registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Practices were compared to international standards for pre-dialysis; haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Results: A 26 response rate was obtained; with only 28 of these dietitians indicating that they counsel renal patients. The majority of dietitians met the international dietary recommendations; but a substantial number deviated from them. This was especially evident in PD patients; where the deviation ranged from 20 (4 dietitians) in the case of energy and phosphate; to 55 (11 dietitians) in the case of calcium. Parameters used for the assessment of nutritional status included body mass index (45of dietitians); serum albumin (44); clinical examinations (43); bioelectrical impedance (37) and diet history (36). Methods used to monitor dietary compliance included biochemistry; dietary history; anthropometric measurements and clinical investigation. The most frequently used approaches in the management of protein-energy malnutrition included supplemental drinks (86) and dietary enrichment at household level (76). Conclusion: Although the majority of dietitians met international standards for most nutrients; there was some variation and uncertainty. Ongoing education will enable South African dietitians to treat renal patients competently and with confidence
Subject(s)
Dietetics , Nutrition Assessment , Renal InsufficiencyABSTRACT
Notre etude avait pour but d'apprecier le profil lipido-proteinique observe au cours de la malnutrition proteino-calorique chez l'enfant a Abidjan. Materiel et methodes : C'est une etude prospective de type transversal realisee sur 4 mois au cours de laquelle nous avons recrute 113 enfants ages de 5 mois a 5 ans; dont 69 de sexe feminin et 44 de sexe masculin au service de Nutrition a l'INSP d'Adjame. Des echantillons de sang ont ete preleves pour les dosages de : cholesterol; triglycerides; HDL; LDL; uree; creatinine; acide urique; proteines totales et par l'electrophorese des proteines. RESULTATS : Il ressort de notre etude les resultats suivants :*Au plan socio-demographique : -La malnutrition touche en majorite les enfants de 5 a 15 mois. -Le sexe feminin est predominant. *Au plan clinique : -Les formes legeres etaient majoritaires. -Le marasme etait la plus frequente des formes severes. *Au plan bioclinique : -Une hypocholesterolemie associee a une hypolipoproteinemie dans la plupart des cas. -Une hypertriglyceridemie peu marque-Une protidemie totale; une azotemie et une uricemie normales. -L'electrophorese des proteines seriques a objective une hypoalbuminemie marquee; une hyperalpha 2; beta et gamma globulinemie. Ces resultats sont parfaitement en accord avec ceux observes dans la litterature
Subject(s)
Nutrition Assessment , Protein-Energy MalnutritionABSTRACT
With respect to growth monitoring; nearly all mothers appeared to have a high level of awareness of the main concepts; the importance of growth monitoring and meaningful interpretation of the growth chart. The main area of weakness identified was the appropriate age of introduction of weaning foods. Appropriate weaning and age of introduction were significantly associated with nutritional status. The structural aspects of the primary health care programme illustrated the excellent implementation strategy used throughout its development