Relationship between serum level of ionized calcium, magnesium, phosphate, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with stages of CKD

Background: Chronic kidney disease is defined as either damage or a decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate of less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 for 3 or more months. There is destruction of renal mass with irreversible sclerosis and loss of nephron leading to a progressive decline in GFR.Secondary hyperparathyroidism hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia and vitamin-D deficiency are common complications of CKD. Objective: To determine relationship between serum level of ionised calcium, magnesium, phosphate, vitamin-D and parathyroid hormone with stages of CKD. Method: This study was conducted at ABUTH Zaria. 125 consecutive adult patients in various stages of CKD who presented were enrolled and 125 apparently healthy matched for sex and age controls were also recruited. Results: 9% of patients were in stage-1, 16% in stage-2, 22% in stage-3, 12% in stage-4 and 41% in stage-5. Serum ionised calcium, vitamin-D and eCrCl showed a progressive decline as the stage of CKD advances, while serum phosphate, creatinine and iPTH showed a progressive increase as the stage of CKD advances. Changes in serum magnesium showed a slight change with advancing stages of CKD. The difference in mean serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin-D, parathyroid hormone, creatinine and eCrCl with different stages of CKD were statistically significant. eCrCl correlated negatively with phosphate and iPTH while serum creatinine correlated negatively with calcium and positively with phosphate and iPTH. Conclusion: Majority of CKD patients were in late stage. Correlation of analytes with stages was more in late stages and biochemical derangements occurred in late, rather than early stages of CKD

Serum Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate among children with pneumonia

Background:Vitamin D is partly responsible formaintainingcalcium and phosphatehomeostasisbut has been shown to have immune modulatory functions.Objective:To measure serumlevels of vitamin D, and plasma levels of calcium and phosphatein children with pneumonia and compare with those of apparentlyhealthy controls.Methods:A cross-sectional study involving seventy-six childrenwith pneumonia, matched with 76 apparently healthy controls.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum vitamin D levels between the cases and the controls (t = 1.190, p = 0.236). The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly higher in childrenwith non-severe pneumonia than in those with severe pneumonia (t = 3.299, p =.002). Themean serum vitamin D level was higher among the controls than those with severe pneumonia (t = 2.674, p = 0.009).The mean plasmacalcium and phosphate levels in the controls were significantly higher than in the cases (t = 2.528, p = .013 and t = 4.594, p < .001 respectively). Plasmacalcium and phosphate levels did not vary with the severity of pneumonia. Pneumonia was independently associated with the occurrence of hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia (OR= 4.366, 95% CI = 1.851-10.295, p= 0.001; OR= 7.355, 95% CI = 1.545-35.027, p= 0.01 respectively). Conclusion:Children with severe pneumonia hadlower levels of vitamin D than those with the non-severe disease.Derangements in plasma levels of calcium and phosphateare common in children with pneumonia, and these abnormalities occur independently of low vitamin D levels

Calcium; Inorganic Phosphates; Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase Activities in Breast Cancer Patients in Calabar; Nigeria

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy of women in Nigeria. Change in serum levels of some biochemical parameters could assist diagnosis and follow-up of breast cancer. Objective: To determine serum levels of calcium; inorganic phosphates; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities in patients with breast cancer; and change in the serum levels over time. Methods: Total serum calcium and inorganic phosphates; and serum ALP and ACP activities were determined in 25women with breast cancer and 25 age-matched controls using colorimetric and enzymatic methods; over 6 months with bimonthly analysis. Results: The serum calcium level; increases in serum calcium levels; ALP and ACP activities in the study group with time (p0.05); whereas no significant increase was observed in the control group.Conclusion: Breast cancer patients have higher calcium levels and higher ALP and ACP activities. The increase in the levelsof these parameters with the levelsofthese parameters with time shows that they could be of importance in monitoring treatment and disease progress in a resource-poor setting

Potentiel erosif dentaire des boissons consommees en Algerie

Il est connu que les aliments et boissons acides peuvent ramollir la substance dentaire solide. La capacite erosive d'une boisson n'est pas seulement determinee par la frequence de sa consommation et la valeur de son pH; mais egalement par son acidite titrable; ses proprietes chelatrices; la concentration en calcium et en phosphate. Plus l'acidite titrable d'une boisson est grande; plus il faudra de temps pour que la valeur du pH augmente sous l'action de la salive. L'objectif de cette etude est de mesurer le pH initial; l'acidite titrable ainsi que la teneur en calcium et phosphate dans les boissons consommees en Algerie pour evaluer leurs potentiels d'erosion dentaire. On a etudie vingt-et-une boissons representees par groupe : les sodas; boissons au jus de fruits; boissons energisantes; produits laitiers; et comme temoin l'eau minerale. Resultat : Toutes les boissons testees ont un pH inferieur au pH critique d'une erosion dentaire. Les boissons energisantes presentaient l'acidite titrable la plus elevee et une concentration tres faible en calcium et en phosphate; ce qui implique une action erosive tres importante