Prevalence of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from selected residential sewages in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria

The global surge in Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an issue of great concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been implicated in several nosocomial infections, where it has caused grave complications in immunocompromised patients. This is the first study to report the prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa isolated from residential sewage in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. Pseudomonads count, isolation, biochemical characterization and antibiogram were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. This study examined sixty (60) samples from selected residential sewage in the study site collected at different intervals between July and September 2021. A total of 40 (66.7%) P. aeruginosa were isolated from the analyzed sewage samples. The highest (2.84x104) pseudomonad count was recorded from sewage samples collected from Kadangaru. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from this sample site showed the highest (100%) resistance to cephalosporins (cefuroxime) and nitrofurantoin. Similarly, isolates from Miami area also demonstrated the highest (95%) resistance to a cephalosporin (ceftazidime). All (100%) isolates used in this study showed MDR resistance to tested antibiotics. The occurrence of MDR P. aeruginosa from a residential sewage site that may contaminate drinking water sources in the study area is of public health threat to the inhabitants. Surveillance and molecular epidemiology of antibiotics resistant bacteria are urgently needed in the study area.

Prevalence of carbapenemase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates causing clinical infections in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been highly associated with carbapenem resistance in which carbapenemases has been suggested to be a major contributory factor. Hence the objective of this study was to phenotypically detect KPC-type carbapenemase, metallo-ß-lactamase and OXA-48 carbapenemase production in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria Methodology: One hundred and seventy-one P. aeruginosa isolates consecutively recovered from clinical specimens of patients with infections at the Medical Microbiology and Parasitology laboratory of the hospital were identified using MicrobactTM 24E kit. Preliminary screening for carbapenem resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar using single discs of meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production among carbapenem-resistant isolates was performed by the combination disc test of meropenem-phenylboronic acid (MRPBO) and meropenem-dipicolinic acid (MRPDP) as recommended by EUCAST 2013 guideline. Results: Out of the 171 P. aeruginosa isolates, 35 (20.5%) were carbapenem non-susceptible (resistant) while carbapenemase production was detected in 27 (77.1%) of these carbapenem resistant isolates, and no enzyme was detected in 8 (22.9%). Of the 27 carbapenemase producing isolates, 22 (81.5%) produced MBL, 1 (3.7%) produced KPC, while 4 (14.8%) produced both KPC and MBL enzymes. Conclusion: This study revealed that carbapenem resistance among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates in our institution is gradually increasing. The mechanism for this rise is associated with carbapenemases, with MBL being the major carbapenemase involved. There is the need to ensure strict compliance with the LUTH infection control guidelines in order to check the rising incidence of infection caused by carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa

Silver nanoparticles: A potential antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming multidrug resistant bacteria

Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are seriously endangering the antibiotics. Different alternative strategies are needed to reinforce antibiotics, of, these; nanostructured materials may play a fruitful role. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against MDR bacteria. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 33 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 52 MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates were recovered from intensive care units' (ICUs) admitted patients over a period of 9 months, from December 2017 to August 2018. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs on the clinical isolates of MRSA and MDR P. aeruginosa was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using broth microdilution method. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined as the lowest concentrations required to kill 99.9% of the initial inoculum. Tissue culture plate method was used to evaluate the antibiofilm activity. Results: The MIC and MBC values ranged from 1 to 16 µg/ml and 2 to 64 µg/ml, respectively. Silver nanoparticles exerted a significant antibiofilm activity against MRSA and MDR P.aeruginosa at all tested concentrations, recording a maximum inhibition value of (82%) and (91%), respectively. Conclusions: AgNPs exhibited a considerable antibacterial and antibiofilm, effect; it could represent a promising weapon in the fight against biofilm forming MDR organisms

Périchondrites aiguës du pavillon de l'oreille. A propos de 23 cas

Objectifs : Notre objectif était d'évaluer les facteurs étiologiques, les agents pathogènes, le traitement et les séquelles des périchondrites. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, sur une période de 8 ans (janvier 2009 à décembre 2016), portant sur les cas de périchondrite aiguë au service d'ORL du CHNU de Fann. Résultats : Vingt-deux dossiers ont été colligés avec un cas de périchondrite bilatérale. Le sex-ratio était de 0.37 ; l'âge moyen de 27 ans. La durée d'évolution moyenne était de 23 jours. La circonstance de survenue était un piercing dans 36% des cas. Dix-neuf de nos patients présentaient une périchondrite collectée, soit 86% des cas. Quinze de nos patients avaient bénéficié d'un examen bactériologique de pus, soit 68% des cas. Le Pseudomonas aeruginosa était retrouvé dans 66.6% des cas, sensible dans 90% des cas à la ciprofloxacine et dans 10% des cas aux aminosides. La culture était négative dans 26.6% des cas. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 7 jours ; la durée moyenne du traitement de 13 jours. L'évolution était satisfaisante chez tous nos patients, avec une absence de séquelles dans 72.7% des cas. Conclusion : La périchondrite aiguë du pavillon de l'oreille se développe souvent suite à un traumatisme externe mineur. Le Pseudomonas aeruginosa représente le principal agent causal d'où l'intérêt d'une antibiothérapie probabiliste active sur ce dernier. Un traitement précoce permet de prévenir les séquelles morphologiques inesthétiques

Caracterisation phénotypique des souches de pseudomonas aeruginosa isolées dans la ville de Yaoundé (Cameroun)

Introduction. L'objectif etait de determiner la proportion de souches de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) exprimant des mecanismes de resistance dans la ville de Yaounde. Methode. Il s'agissait d'une etude prospective et descriptive realisee du 02 janvier au 30 juin 2012. Des souches de P. aeruginosa provenant de divers produits pathologiques de patients ont ete identifiees a l'aide de la galerie API 20NE (Biomerieux). Pour les prelevements urinaires; une cytologie etait faite pour verifier l'absence de cancer. La lecture interpretative de l'antibiogramme a ete faite par diffusion sur gelose Mueller-Hinton selon CA-SFM 2011. Resultats. Au total 34 souches de P. aeruginosa ont ete isolees dont 85;3?% chez patients hospitalises. Parmi ces souches; 41;2?% etaient isolees des urines; 23;5?% des hemocultures et 17;6?% des suppurations. Les urines montraient a l'examen cytologique des modifications inflammatoires aigues et l'absence de cancer. Le profil de resistance aux antibiotiques a montre une resistance elevee preferentielle des Beta-lactamines notamment a la ticarcilline (35;29?%). Concernant les Beta-lactamines; les phenotypes les plus observes ont ete pour les 2/3 sauvages et 26;5?% pour les penicillinases ; quant aux aminosides 94;1?% etaient de phenotype sauvage; tandis que 2/3 etaient de type sauvage pour les fluoroquinolones. Conclusion. Une association Beta-lactamines/aminosides ou Beta-lactamines/fluoroquinolones pourrait etre preconisee afin de lutter contre toute infection a P. aeruginosa

Susceptibility to colistin of multi-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Douala Laquintinie Hospital, Cameroon

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a germ of hospitalism responsible for nosocomial infections; it is naturally resistant to many antibiotics and has a high susceptibility to the acquisition of acquiring new resistance. The observation of strains highly resistant to antibiotics; has led us to look for possible alternative therapeutics. This study was a descriptive and cross-sectional one; conducted from October 2010 to March 2011. All patients hospitalized for at least 48 hours and showing sign of infection were included after obtaining their consent. Forty nine of 150 samples were positive to the cultivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showing a prevalence of 32.66%. For the antibiotic susceptibility; we obtain amikacin 57.14%; netilmicin 59.20%; ceftazidime 52.60%; imipenem 33%; colistin 97.95%; and ciprofloxacin 51%. Seven strains were resistant to all antibiotics tested other than colistin. One strain was resistant to colistin. Colistin retains high sensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However; there are some strains multiresistant to antibiotics

Antibiotic Synergy Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant - Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Nosocomial Environment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens in intensive care units (ICUs); with an increased prevalence of multidrug resistance in nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine antibiotic synergy profiles of multidrugresistantP. aeruginosa originating from ICU patients in a teaching hospital in Pretoria; South Africa. Susceptibility studies and in vitrosynergy testing were performed; utilising agar dilution and Etest methodology; respectively. Susceptibility studies revealed 94of isolates exhibiting resistance to more than three anti-pseudomonal agents tested. Results from antibiotic synergy studies suggested that cefepime (p0.0001) or meropenem (p0.0001) in combination with amikacin are possible treatment options available in this specific setting

Activite antibacterienne des dix-huit plantes medicinales sur quelques souches isolees des plaies infectees

L'activite antibacterienne des extraits totaux aqueux; ethanoliques et chloroformiques des feuilles des 18 plantes medicinales de Kisangani (Nord-Est du Zaire) a ete testee sur les souches de staphylococcus aureus; pseudomonas aeruginosa; proteus vulgaris et escherichia coli isolees des plaies infectees. A l'issue de ces tests; seuls les extraits totaux aqueux de deux plantes; alchornea cordifolia et vernonia amygdalina ont presente une certaine action inhibitrice sur la croissance des germes utilises. Par contre; les extraits ethanoliques et chloroformiques de ces memes plantes ont montre une activite antibacterienne assez variable vis-a-vis de ces souches

The in-vitro antibacterial activity of Annona senegalensis; Securidacca longipendiculata and Steganotaenia araliacea - Ugandan medicinal plants

Background: Nearly all cultures from ancient times to the present day have used plants as a source of medicines.As a result; different remedies tended to develop in different parts of the world. Current strategies to overcome the global problem of antimicrobial resistance include research in finding new and innovative antimicrobials from plants. Objectives: To determine the antibacterial activity of extracts of Annona senegalensis; Securidacca longipendiculata; and Steganotaenia araliacea plants which are used in Eastern Uganda for the treatment of diarrhea and wound infections. Methods: The root barks of these plants were collected; sun-dried; pounded using pestles and wooden mortars.Water and methanol extracts were derived and screened. Standard cultures of E. coli ATCC 25922; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853; and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were used in the study. The antibacterial tests used were the agar well diffusion assays.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by cylinder plate technique. Results: Extracts of Annona senegalensis; Steganotaenia araliacea and Securidaca longipendiculata showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract of Securidaca longipediculata was not inhibitory to S.aureus. Steganotaenia araliacea and Securidaca longipediculata (water) extracts were active against all the bacteria tested.The water and methanol extracts of Annona senegalensis did not show inhibitory activity against E. coli. Of the three bacteria studied; Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible to the extracts followed by P. aeruginosa. E. coli was least sensitive to the plant extracts. Annona senegalensis had the lowest MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (62.5mg/ml); while Steganotaenia araliacea had the highest MIC (250mg/ml) signifying lower activity. Conclusions: The root bark extracts of the three plants showed antibacterial activity; justifying their continued use in treatment of bacterial infections. Recommendations: Further studies are required to isolate and characterise the active phytochemical constituents in the plants. Toxicity studies should be done to determine their safety