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1.
Journal de la Faculté de Médecine d'Oran ; 6(2): 779-830, 2023. tables
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1415030

ABSTRACT

Introduction :Une forte consommation des benzodiazépines (BZDs) a été remarquée en dehors parfois des règles de recommandations de prescription, ce qui rend leur consommation un problème majeur de santé publique. La présente étude a eu pour objectif d'évaluer la prescription et l'usage des BZDs dans la ville de Sidi Bel-Abbès. Méthodes-Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive transversale réalisée du 01 Février 2018 au 30 Juin 2018 évaluant la prescription et l'usage des BZDs dans la ville de Sidi Bel-Abbès au moyen d'un questionnaire distribué aux patients de l'hôpital psychiatrique, du service de psychiatrie du CHU et aux pharmaciens d'officine.Le critère de jugement principal était l'évaluation de la prescription et de l'utilisation des BZDs dans cette ville. La saisie et l'analyse des données ont été réalisées par le logiciel SPSS. Résultats-Au total, 353 patients traités au moins par une BZD ont été inclus dont 178 hommes. Le taux de prescription des BZDs était de 1.10, des jeunes (59,77 %) et des personnes mariées (60,34%) constituaient les consommateurs privilégiés. La prescription était l'apanage des psychiatres, en monothérapie (07,42%), la molé cule la plus fréquemment prescrite était le Bromazépam (31,07%) et la prise noc turne était la plus importante (49,01%). Les BZDs étaient utilisées pour combattre l'insomnie (25,21%), l'anxiété (16,43%), pour une durée de plus d'une année (57,79 %). Conclusion-La prescription et l'utilisation des BZDs dans la ville de Sidi Bel-Abbès s'est avérée importante. L'insomnie et l'anxiété constituaient les principales raisons de leur utilisation, et le Bromazépam était la molécule la plus fréquemment utilisée .


Introduction-A high consumption of benzodiazepines (BZDs) has been noticed so metimes outside the rules of prescription recommendations, which makes their consumption a major public health problem. The present study aimed to evaluate the prescription and use of BZDs in Sidi Bel-Abbès city. Methods-: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from February 01st, 2018 to June 30th, 2018 evaluating the prescription and use of BZDs in of Sidi Bel-Abbès by means of a questionnaire distributed to patients from the psychiatric hospital, the CHU psychiatry department and community pharmacists. The primary endpoint was the assessment of the prescription and use of BZDs in this city. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS software. Results-A total of 353 patients treated with at least one BZD were included, including 178 men. The prescription rate of BZDs was 1.10, young people (59.77%) and married people (60.34%) were the privileged consumers. The prescription was the prerogative of psychiatrists, in monotherapy (07.42%), the molecule most frequent ly prescribed was Bromazepam (31.07%) and night intake was the most important (49.01%). BZDs were used to combat insomnia (25.21%), anxiety (16.43%), for a period of more than a year (57.79%). Conclusion-The prescription and use of BZDs in Sidi Bel-Abbès has proven to be important. Insomnia and anxiety were the main reasons for their use, and Bromazepam was the most molecule frequently used.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Anxiety , Benzodiazepines , Bromazepam , Substance-Related Disorders , Therapeutic Uses , Prescription Drugs , Long Term Adverse Effects , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Dosage Forms , Algeria , Medical Overuse
2.
Article in English | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1396550

ABSTRACT

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has highlighted the scope of heroin dependence and need for evidence-based treatment amongst marginalised people in South Africa. Acute opioid withdrawal management without maintenance therapy carries risks of increased morbidity and mortality. Due to the high costs of methadone, Tshwane's Community Oriented Substance Use Programme (COSUP) used tramadol for opioid withdrawal management during the initial COVID-19 response. Aim: To describe demographics, route of heroin administration and medication-related experiences amongst people accessing tramadol for treatment of opioid withdrawal.Setting: Three community-based COSUP sites in Mamelodi (Tshwane, South Africa). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered paper-based tool between April and August 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Results: Of the 220 service users initiated onto tramadol, almost half (n = 104, 47%) were not contactable. Fifty-eight (26%) people participated, amongst whom most were male (n = 55, 95%). Participants' median age was 32 years. Most participants injected heroin (n = 36, 62.1%). Most participants experienced at least one side effect (n = 47, 81%) with 37 (64%) experiencing two or more side effects from tramadol. Insomnia occurred most frequently (n = 26, 45%). One person without a history of seizures experienced a seizure. Opioid withdrawal symptoms were experienced by 54 participants (93%) whilst taking tramadol. Over half (n = 38, 66%) reported using less heroin whilst on tramadol. Conclusion: Tramadol reduced heroin use but was associated with withdrawal symptoms and unfavourable side effects. Findings point to the limitations of tramadol as opioid withdrawal management to retain people in care and the importance of access to first-line opioid agonists.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tramadol , Therapeutic Uses , COVID-19 , Opioid-Related Disorders , Signs and Symptoms , Analgesics, Opioid
3.
Article in English | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1267889

ABSTRACT

Background: The prognosis of HIV/AIDS and HIV-related comorbidities has been revolutionized by the use of medicines. However, World Health Organization reported that 50% of patients do not use their medicines as prescribed.Objective: To assess HIV/AIDS patients' knowledge of the use of medicines dispensed to them.Method: This study was conducted in seven public hospitals in six local government areas, Kwara State. Exit interviews of 780 eligible HIV/AIDS patients were conducted through use of structured questionnaire. Additionally, there were exit observational checks of medicines dispensed to these patients. Descriptive statistics and Fisher Exact test were used for data analyses.Results: Of the 780 study participants, 36.1% had no formal education, 99.9% knew the 'quantity' of medicines to be administered, while 99.2% knew the frequency of administration. All the patients knew the route of administration, 96.7% and 94.3% knew the general precautions to avoid concomitant use of dispensed medicines with alcohol or herbal products respectively, while 93.7% of those who received co-trimoxazole knew of the precaution to use "plenty of water" as the vehicle for its administration. There were no significant associations between the patients' knowledge of these precautions and duration of antiretroviral therapy (P>0.05). However, the patients lacked knowledge of specific precautions of some dispensed medicines.Conclusion: Most of the patients knew of the administration and the general precautions of dispensed medicines. However, lack of knowledge of specific precautions of some dispensed medicines calls for intervention


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Anti-Retroviral Agents , HIV Infections , Hospitals, Public , Medicine , Nigeria , Therapeutic Uses , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
4.
Rev. méd. Gd. Lacs (Imprimé) ; 2(2): 201-227, 2013.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1269227

ABSTRACT

But de l'etude:decrire le profil epidemiologique; clinique et therapeutique des fentes labio-palatines observees a l'Est de la RDC (Republique Democratique du Congo) de novembre 2010 a mars 2011 soit durant 5 mois.Malades et methode:c'est une etude descriptive transversale realisee au Centre Hospitalier 'Doctors on Call for Service (DOCS)' de Goma en RDC et qui a porte sur 160 cas de fentes labiales et/ou palatines selectionnees au moyen d'un echantillonnage non probabiliste; a tout venant et operees au cours de cette meme periode. Le traitement des donnees a ete facilite par l'usage du progiciel SPSS 17.0. Les resultats ont ete valides par le test de Khi-carre au seuil de 0;05.Resultats:la majorite de nos patients (76;3) sont venus des milieux ruraux et ont a la consultation et a l'operation un age moyen de 15;19 ans avec comme extreme trois mois et 62 ans; dont 47;5 des cas sont operes apres l'age de 10 ans. Le manque de moyen financier (58;7 des cas) suivi par le manque d'information (22;5) constituent les principaux motifs du retard a la consultation et a l'operation. Les deux sexes sont concernes avec une predominance masculine (60;6). La scolarisation de ces patients est significativement plus faible pour les sujets feminins (54;5 non scolarisees) par rapport aux sujets masculins (45;5 non scolarises) (x2=15;417; ddl=3; p=0;001). Il y a plus d'hommes maries que d'hommes celibataires ayant atteint la maturite ; l'inverse est observe chez les sujets feminins (x2=1;137; ddl=2; p=0;556).La fente labiale isolee est le type le plus frequent (97;5); elle est unilaterale dans 81;9 des cas; incomplete (50;1) et siegeant a gauche (49;9)(x2=10;055 ;ddl=9 ;p=0;346). Aucun antecedent heredo-collateral de malformation congenitale n'a ete enregistre chez 96;3 des cas.La technique de Millard modifiee a ete utilisee dans 94;2 des cas pour corriger la fente labiale et toutes les fentes palatines ont ete corrigees par la technique de Von Langenbeck. L'anesthesie generale avec intubation orotracheale (IOT) a ete utilisee chez tous les enfants d'age inferieur ou egal a cinq ans alors que l'anesthesie locale a ete utilisee chez 96;4 des patients ages de 16 ans et plus (x2=152;182; ddl=6; p=0;000). Nous n'avons enregistre aucune complication postoperatoire dans 98;8 des cas et la duree moyenne d'hospitalisation est de deux jours


Subject(s)
Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Epidemiologic Studies , Mouth Abnormalities , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Therapeutic Uses
5.
S. Afr. j. obstet. gynaecol ; S. Afr. j. obstet. gynaecol;19(2): 31-34, 2013.
Article in English | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1270766

ABSTRACT

Background. Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common complaint. Various therapeutic approaches have been suggested.Aim. To compare the efficacy of mefenamic acid and naproxen in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding.Methods. Women referred to an outpatient centre for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding were recruited. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for 6 menstrual cycles. During 3 control cycles they recorded the amount of their bleeding on the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart to confirm that their menstrual bleeding was heavy. One hundred and twenty participants were then randomly assigned to receive mefenamic acid; naproxen or placebo; and asked to fill in the same questionnaires during 3 intervention cycles. The data were analysed using SPSS version 15 for Windows.Results. Participants receiving mefenamic acid experienced a marked decrease in bleeding during the 3 months of intervention; an initial sharp decrease being followed by a further lesser decrease (p0.05 within group). Bleeding lessened dramatically in the first month of the intervention in participants receiving naproxen; and dropped still further in the second and third months (p0.05 within group). In the placebo group there were slight changes in bleeding during the intervention (p0.05 within group). However; the total decrease in bleeding was greatest in the naproxen arm; and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (p0.05 between groups).Conclusion. All three interventions had positive effects on the mean amount of bleeding; although naproxen was more effective than mefenamic acid and much more effective than placebo


Subject(s)
Mefenamic Acid , Menorrhagia , Menstrual Cycle , Naproxen , Patient Selection , Placebo Effect , Therapeutic Uses
7.
Tanzan. j. of health research ; 9(1): 19-24, 2007. figures, tables
Article in English | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1272609

ABSTRACT

Tukuyu onchocerciasis focus was earmarked for vector control using insecticide against larval stages.Susceptibility tests of mature larvae of Simulium damnosum s.l. vectors to temephos insecticide were carried out before and after two years of insecticide treatment of rivers within Tukuyu onchocerciasis focus, south-western Tanzania. The tests were done in 1999/2000 and 2004 using WHO standard methods. Mature larvae were exposed to 9 concentrations of temephos active ingredient, from the weakest 0.00975mg/litre to the strongest of 2.5mg/l. Each test concentration and control was run in duplicates of 25 larvae each, set for three hours in a cool temperature. After incubation, test solution was discarded and larval condition checked. Numbers of larvae in each category were recorded and used to determine mortality rate for each concentration as well as for the LC50 and LC95. A total of 1,666 larvae were tested, 942 during the pre- and 724 post-treatment. Results showed that both pre and post-treatment samples were susceptible, attaining 100% mortality at the diagnostic dose of 1.25mg/l, and LC50 between 0.129-0.34mg/l pre - and 0.144-0.211 mg/l (95% CI, P<0.05) post- treatment. These values fall within the standard diagnostic dose of ≤0.4mg/l for susceptible S. damnosum s.l populations. It was concluded that the endemic S. damnosum population was susceptible to temephos before and after two years of intermittent field application. Temephos was thus recommended for continued use in onchocerciasis vector control in the Tukuyu focus, to complement Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin, but close monitoring of vector susceptibility should be done


Subject(s)
Ivermectin , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Onchocerciasis/prevention & control , Simuliidae/isolation & purification , Therapeutic Uses , Temefos
11.
Bull. liaison doc. - OCEAC ; 31(1): 22-34, 1998.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260143

ABSTRACT

De decembre 1995 a mai 1996; une epidemie de rougeole est survenue dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso; Burkina Faso. Des investigations ont ete realisees dans le but de mieux comprendre les caracteristiques et les determinants de cette epidemie. Une enquete exhaustive a ete realisee dans les formations sanitaires urbaines pour documenter tous les cas de rougeole mentionnes sur les registres de consultations. Tous les centres de vaccination ont ete visites pour evaluer leur plateau technique et la qualite de leurs prestations. Enfin; une enquete cas-temoins appariee sur l'age et le domicile (386 paires cas-temoins) ainsi qu'un sondage de couverture vaccinale selon le protocole OMS classique de 30 grappes ont complete les investigations par echantillonnage dans la population generale. Entre le 1er octobre 1995 et mi-mai 1996; 3768 cas de rougeole ont ete diagnostiques; soit un taux d'incidence cumule de 9;7 pour mille (34;6 pour mille avant 1 an; 28;9 pour mille de 1 a 4 ans; 10;7 pour mille de 5 a 14 ans et 4;8 pour mille a partir de 15 ans). L'epidemie a demarre fin novembre; debut decembre 1995; par des petits foyers dans un secteur central et dans deux secteurs peripheriques. A partir de mi-janvier 1996; elle s'est brutalement propagee et amplifiee dans le reste de la ville; pour culminer en mars et s'eteindre en mai


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Measles , Measles/epidemiology , Therapeutic Uses , Vaccines
12.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; Tome 44(4): 197-202, 1997.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266359

ABSTRACT

32 patients d'age moyen 38;56+/- 12;44 ans presentant une poussee hypertensive d'en moyenne 221;31+/- 34;64 mm Hg/134;94 +/- 20;93mm Hg associee a des complications viscerales : accidents vasculaires cerebraux (39 pour cent); encephalopathie hypertensive (22 pour cent); oedeme aigu du poumon (22 pour cent); oligo-anurie (17 pour cent) ont beneficie d'un traitement anti-hypertenseur par la Nicardipine intraveineuse.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents , Drug Therapy , Hypertension , Nicardipine , Therapeutic Uses
13.
CNLP presse ; 4(2): 1-1997.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260209

ABSTRACT

Le premier cas de resistance a la chloroquine au Burkina Faso a ete signale dans la region de Ouagadougou; en 1988. Six ans apres; une equipe du centre du Centre National de Lutte contre le Palusdisme a voulu evaluer l'ampleur du phenomene dans la ville de Ouagadougou; a travers une surveillance sur des cas de paludisme symptomatique


Subject(s)
Chloroquine , Drug Resistance , Drug Therapy , Malaria , Therapeutic Uses
14.
CNLP presse ; 4(2): 1-1997.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260210

ABSTRACT

Dans ce numero; les auteurs traitent la prise en charge du paludisme grave et complique; en commencant par la pharmacologie des medicaments antipaludiques


Subject(s)
Chloroquine , Drug Therapy , Malaria , Malaria/complications , Quinine , Therapeutic Uses
15.
Congo méd ; 2(1): 16-19, 1997.
Article in English | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260691

ABSTRACT

Les auteurs presentent dans cette etude les resultats du traitement des plaies suppurees par l'application locale de la muscuade. L'application renouvelee toutes les 8 heures pour les plaies tres infectees et toutes les 24 heures en general donne de resultats tres satisfaisants en ce qui concerne l'evolution des secretions et la cicatrisation. Les resultats obtenus sont superieurs a ceux observes avec l'application du Dakin 0;2 pour cent. En plus; aucun effet secondaire n'a ete observe avec la moscuade meme chez les diabetiques


Subject(s)
Sucrose , Therapeutic Uses , Wound Infection/therapy
16.
Congo méd ; 2(1): 54-58, 1997.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260700

ABSTRACT

La structure de l'insuline est connue et decrite. Les principes de la fabrication sont rappeles brievement. Le dosage immunologique est indispensable a toute etude in vitro. Il valut le prix Nobel a ses savants. Nous rappelons egalement la composition des differents types d'insuline; rapide ou retardee. L'insuline humaine est fabriquee d'une part par genie genetique et de l'autre par genie chimique. Diverses insulines sont mises dernierement sur le marche pour mimer de plus pres la secretion physiologique. L'insuline peut causer la presence d'anticorps de type divers


Subject(s)
Insulin , Pharmacokinetics , Therapeutic Uses
17.
CNLP presse ; 3(1): 1-1996.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260192

ABSTRACT

Les enquetes epidemiologiques menees par le CNLP en 1995 ont montre une baisse generalisee de la chimioresistance parasitologique du P. falciparum a la chloroquine au Burkina Faso. Ces resultats confirment la validite de ce medicament comme remede principal contre le paludisme dans le pays


Subject(s)
Chloroquine , Drug Resistance , Drug Therapy , Malaria , Therapeutic Uses
18.
Rev. méd. Moçamb ; 6(3-4): 6-14, 1995. ill., 30 cm
Article in Portuguese | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1269264

ABSTRACT

Com o objectivo de verificar se a administracao selectiva de um quimioprofilatico poderia prevenir e controlar um surto de malaria; realizou-se num bairro periferico da Cidade de Xai-Xai em 1993 um estudo de intervencao com a administracao semanal de Maloprim (Dapsona+pirimetamina). Foram estudados 5744 pessoas; das quais 3063 se encontravam na area de intervencao e 2681 na area de controlo. Na area de intervencao administrou-se o Maloprim a um grupo selectivo da populacao composta por criancas dos 2-9 anos; na area de controlo nao se fez nenhuma amdinistracao. Verificou-se que na area de intervencao houve uma menor incidencia da malaria no grupo etario que fez a quimioprofilaxia (54;7/1000/6 meses) em relacao a area de controlo (119;7/1000/6 meses) (RR=2;19-95 por centos IC 1;5-3;1). A proporcao dos casos de malaria entre outras doencas no posto de foi menor na area de intervencao (29;5 por centos) em relacao a area de controlo (39;7 por centos ) RR=1.17-95 por centos IC 1;05-1;30). O numero de casosclinicos de malaria teve tendencia em diminuir na area de intervencao e de aumentar na area de controle (X 2 para a tendencia =9.4; p=0;002). Conclui-se que a quimioprofilaxia com o Maloprim podera prevenir e controlar um surto de malaria. Recomendou-se que um sistema de vigilancia epidemiologico que possa detectar recocemente os surtos de malaria


Subject(s)
Dapsone , Drug Therapy , Malaria , Malaria/prevention & control , Pyrimethamine , Therapeutic Uses
19.
CNLP presse ; 1(1): 3-1994.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260174

ABSTRACT

Cet article rapporte l'entretien avec le responsable du laboratoire d'immunoparasitologie du CNLP sur la situation actuelle de la chimioresistance du Plasmodium a la chloroquine au Burkina Faso


Subject(s)
Chloroquine , Drug Resistance , Malaria/therapy , Therapeutic Uses
20.
CNLP presse ; 1(2): 2-1994.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260177

ABSTRACT

Le traitement tardif ou l'administration d'un schema therapeutique incorrect peut entrainer la survenue de certaines complications mettant en danger le pronostic vital. L'administration intempestive du traitement correct peut donc etre consideree comme une veritable prevention des cas mortels


Subject(s)
Chloroquine , Malaria/therapy , Therapeutic Uses
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