ABSTRACT
Introduction: One of the complications of diabetes is muscular atrophy. Considering the role of exercise in controlling diabetes complications, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of five weeks of high intensity interval training [HIIT] on miR-23a and Atrogin-1 genes expression in the gastrocnemius muscles of male diabetic rats
Materials and Method: For this purpose, diabetes was induced in 14 Wistar rats with an average weight of 260 +/- 10g by injection of Streptozotocin [50mg/kg]. They were randomly divided into two groups, controls [n=7] and HIIT [n=7] group. The HIIT program included implementing four 3-minute sets at intensity of 85-90% VO2max and one minute recovery between each set with intensity of 30 to 35% VO2max. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, animals were anesthetized, gastrocnemius muscles were removed and Mir-23a and Atrogin-1 genes expression was evaluated by quantitative REAL time PCR. Data were analyzed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and t-test with SPSS software, version 19 and Execle 2007 at a significance level of p
Results: Analysis with independent t-test showed that the HIIT training caused a significant increase in expression of miR-23a and consequently significant decrease in expression of Atrogin-1 gene, compared to controls group
Conclusion: Evidently high intensity interval training due to decrease of hyperglycemia, change in expression of miR-23a and Atragin-1 can be an effective intervention to reduce diabetes complications such as muscle atrophy
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: cell adhesion molecules are glycoproteins that mediate leukocyte response to inflammation. Increased level of these molecules may be directly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of endurance training on serum adhesion molecules in overweight men
Materials and Methods: twenty two overweight students [BMI=28.34 kg/m2] voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups, endurance training [n = 11] and control [n=11]. Training group participants accomplished 3 sessions of endurance training program for 8 weeks. Before and after every exercise, fasting blood samples were taken from all the subjects and serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1[sICAM-1], soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1[sVCAM-1] and soluble E-selectin were measured. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA test
Results: data showed significant differences in the levels of sICAM-1 between the groups after eight weeks of endurance training [P=0.002]. Comparison of the groups' pre- and post exercise mean values of the levels of sICAM-1 showed significant changes in endurance group [P=0.001]. Serum levels of sVCAM-1 and soluble E selectin showed no significant changes [p>0.05]
Conclusion: according to the results we can conclude that endurance training can decrease the levels of some of adhesion molecules. It could be responsible, to some extent for possible reduction of systemic inflammation, caused by physical activity
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present research was to compare the bone mineral density [BMD] of lumbar spine between athletic and non-athletic premenopausal women. Fifteen female athletes [runner] with the mean age of 33.80 +/- 4.81 years, mean height of 164.13 +/- 5.31 cm, mean weight of 57.33 +/- 4.22 kg, and mean body mass index [BMI] of 21.41 +/- 2.21 kg/m2 and 15 female non-athletes with yhe mean age of 36.73 +/- 5.02 years, mean height of 161.20 +/- 4.17 cm, mean weight of 68.00 +/- 10.67 kg, and mean BMI of 26.78 +/- 4.34 kg/m2 at the premenopausal age [30-45 years] were participated. The BMD of lumbar spines were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]. The collected data were analyzed through t-test statistical methods. Based on T-score and Z-score criteria, all of athletes had normal bone tissue while, 13.3 percent of non-athletes were osteopenic. Moreover, the BMD of lumbar in athletes was significantly more than nonathletes. Furthermore, in the lumbar spine region, significant differences observed between the T-score and Z-score values for both athletes and non athletes. It seems likely that running can increase the BMD of lumbar in premenopausal women; therefore, it can play an important role in preventing osteoporosis as an effective non-medicine method
ABSTRACT
The effective method of treatment of Polycystic Overy Syndrome [PCOS] is lifestyle modification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on DHEAso4, 17OH-Progestron Concentrations, number of follicles and menstrual condition of women with PCOS. In this clinical trial, 40 PCOS patients lean [BMI<20] and obese [BMI>25] randomly divided into two trained and sedentary control groups. DHEAso4, 17OHProgestron Concentrations, number of follicles and menstrual condition were measured before and after the program [12-week exercise training program, aerobic exercise at 60-80% of maximal heart rate, 25-30 min/day, 3 days/week]. Decline of DHEAso4, 17OH-Progestron Concentrations were significant after exercise in obese group [P=0.023, P<0.0001]. The number of follicles right and left ovaries decreased significantly after exercise in two groups lean and obese [Right; P=0.019, P=0.041 and Left ovary; P=0.005, P=0.008]. Menstrual situation was improved after exercise in obese and lean groups [P=0.028, P<0.0001]. The body weight decreased significantly after exercise in obese groups [P<0.0001]. It seems that a term of exercise with weight loss can induce decline of DHEAso4 and 17OH-Progestron. In addition, exercise lead to improved menstrual condition and reduction of number of ovarian follicles per groups of lean and obese
ABSTRACT
Blood inflammatory factors have been recognized as major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two methods of excessive aerobic continuous and interval training on plasma lipoproteins [TC, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL] and serum CRP in women. A total of 20 women aged 35-45 years were randomly divided into the two groups of aerobic continuous and interval training. Subjects participated in an 8-week either aerobic continuous or interval running program [3 day / week, at 65-75% HRmax]. Twenty four hours before the first training program and 24 hours after the final training session blood samples were collected in a fasted state. No significant difference was found between the two groups in regard to TC, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL and CRP levels in both pre-and post-tests. Aerobic continuous training induced significant decrease in TC, LDL, CRP and increase in HDL. Aerobic interval training induced significant decrease in TC, TG, LDL, CRP and increase in HDL too, but no significant difference was found between the two methods of training on plasma lipoproteins and serum CRP. Excessive aerobic continuous and interval training can have similar effects on plasma lipoproteins and serum CRP in women
ABSTRACT
There is fairly scarce information about the effects of zinc, an essential trace element, on exercise performance. Studies concentrate mostly on the distribution of this element in the body in response to exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exhaustion exercise on the testosterone levels and plasma lactates in road cyclists who are supplemented with oral zinc for 4 weeks. In this semi experimental sixteen male road cyclists, who were healthy in the first evaluation were selected from the Tehran traffic team and were divided into two groups according to mass body index; zinc group and control group. After 4 weeks zinc supplementation [30 mg/day], blood samples were collected from each subject before and after an exhaustive exercise bout. Data were analyzed by independent and paired sample t test. Total testosterone, free testosterione and lactate levels in two groups were increased by exercise [P<0.05] and there was no significant differences between total testosterone and lactate levels in two groups before and after exhaustion exercise [P>0.05]. There was a significant difference between effects of exhaustion exercise on free testosterone levels between two groups [P<0.05]. According to this study, zinc supplementation has no significant effects on testosterone and lactate levels in response to exercise in subjects with a balance diet. However, free testosterone levels were increased by exercise after zinc supplementation
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Testosterone , Lactic Acid , Lactates , Bicycling , Exercise , Trace ElementsABSTRACT
The importance of cardiac rehabilitation has been widely acknowledged, after myocardial infarction. Improved physical capacity is an important outcome of cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, accurate measurement of the exercise tolerance of cardiac patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation program using an objective measure is important. To comparison the effects of cardiac rehabilitation program [concurrent endurance and resistance training] on exercise capacity of men and women patients with coronary artery disease. In this prospective study, among 40 patients, 20 patients [10 female with mean age 54.5 +/- 5.44 and 10 male with mean age 53.2 +/- 7.68] who arrived to Phase II cardiac rehabilitation were assessed. 6MWT and Exercise Test [ET] were performed at the beginning and at the end of 8 weeks program [3 days per week] in the both group of the patients. Both of 2 groups had significant response to Cardiac rehabilitation program after cardiac rehabilitation, functional capacity [6MWT] and exercise capacity [ET]. There is no significant difference between final value of 6mwt distance, Exercise capacity [Exercise test time], Heart Rate Recovery [HRR], Rate Pressure Product [RPP], VO2 peak between men and women patients with Coronary Artery Disease before and after cardiac rehabilitation program, but all of above improved significantly in both CRP men and women [p < 0.001]. Probably all of men and women patients affected of exercise training similarity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Exercise , Resistance Training , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Data available reports that the novel biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases have more sensitivity and accuracy in anticipating cardiovascular disease. Hence, considering the significant role of physical activity in decreasing and preventing these diseases, determining the type of physical activity, its duration and intensity, and appropriate pattern significantly promotes the individual's health. In this study, effects of two training methods, the aerobic and anaerobic, on some pre-inflammatory cytokines in adult male rats were compared. In this experiment, 54 male wistar rats [3 months], were kept in a controlled condition, randomly divided into three groups, the control, aerobic and anaerobic groups. The training program was conducted for a period of 12 weeks - 3 sessions per week, specified durations and intensity. To assess the influence of one session of an aerobic and anaerobic, training program, following the program, the first blood sample was taken. After the 24th and 36th sessions, the second and the third blood samples were obtained. Blood samplings were done after 14 hours of fasting and 24 hours after the final training session. Data were analyzed with Kolmogrov-Smirnov, One Way ANOVA, Repeated Measurement and the LSD post hoc tests, at the level of alpha