SPECIAL ARTICLE COVID-19: Covid-19-Related Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis: Clinical Features and Outcomes

Abstract Introduction There is a noticeable increase in the incidence of acute invasive fungal sinusitis which coincides with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. It is a potentiallylethal fungal infection, with the most common form being the rhino-orbito-cerebral presentation. Objectives The aim of the present study is to discuss the different epidemiological factors, risk factors, clinical presentations and outcomes of acute invasive fungal sinusitis which is noticeably related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Methods The present cross-sectional cohort study included 22 adult patients who presented with Covid-19-related acute invasive fungal sinusitis. The diagnosis of acute invasive fungal sinusitis was confirmed by histopathological biopsy. All data, including demographics, risk factors, clinical findings, different lines of treatment and their outcomes, were recorded and analyzed. Results All patients had diabetes mellitus (100%), and 17 (77.3%) had been submitted to systemic steroids. All patients (100%) had unilateral sinonasal disease. Proptosis was found in 15 patients (68.2%), ophthalmoplegia was observed in 12 patients (54.5%), and intracranial affection occurred in 10 patients (45.5%). A total of 20 patients (90.9%) received liposomal amphotericin B. Surgical debridement was performed in 18 patients (45.5%). Non-septated mycelia was present in 19 biopsies (86.4%), while 3 (13.6%) showed septated mycelia. Total improvement was achieved in 10 patients (45.5%), while the mortality rate was of 27.3% (6 out of 22 participants). Conclusion Diabetes mellitus is the most common preexisting medical condition associated with Covid-19-related acute invasive fungal sinusitis. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is considered a predisposing factor. It is necessary to raise the level of awareness to diagnose this condition, especially in patients with Covid-19 infection or those who have recently recovered from it.

Uterine artery Doppler indices: pulsatility index and resistance index as predictive tools for the incidence of heavy menstrual bleeding related to copper intrauterine contraceptive device

Objectives@#To assess the predictive value of the initial uterine artery Doppler indices, the pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) in the prediction of heavy menstrual bleeding before and after copper intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion. @*Methods@#The current prospective clinical study included 100 women who intended to use a copper IUCD (Cu T-380A) and met the inclusion criteria. Uterine artery Doppler PI and RI indices were calculated before IUCD insertion and at three and six months after insertion. Based on the presence or absence of menorrhagia, all women were classified into two groups: non-bleeding (n=52) and extreme menstrual bleeding (n=48). Receiver operating curve analysis was used to determine the predictive value of uterine artery PI and RI in patients with menorrhagia relevant to IUCD. @*Results@#The PI and RI indices displayed a highly significant difference between the IUCD groups at three and six months after insertion (P<0.001). Uterine artery PI ≤2.02 (sensitivity of 95.8%, specificity of 100%, and area below the curve [AUC] of 0.97 at P-value<0.001) and RI ≤0.83 (sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity of 100%, and AUC of 0.949 at P-value<0.001) were correlated with significant menstrual bleeding following insertion of IUCD. @*Conclusion@#The presented results confirmed our assumption that the initial studies of uterine artery Doppler can predict heavy-menstrual bleeding associated with IUCD and therefore, should be conducted in women pursuing reversible longacting contraception.

Uterine artery Doppler indices: pulsatility index and resistance index as predictive tools for the incidence of heavy menstrual bleeding related to copper intrauterine contraceptive device

Objectives@#To assess the predictive value of the initial uterine artery Doppler indices, the pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) in the prediction of heavy menstrual bleeding before and after copper intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion. @*Methods@#The current prospective clinical study included 100 women who intended to use a copper IUCD (Cu T-380A) and met the inclusion criteria. Uterine artery Doppler PI and RI indices were calculated before IUCD insertion and at three and six months after insertion. Based on the presence or absence of menorrhagia, all women were classified into two groups: non-bleeding (n=52) and extreme menstrual bleeding (n=48). Receiver operating curve analysis was used to determine the predictive value of uterine artery PI and RI in patients with menorrhagia relevant to IUCD. @*Results@#The PI and RI indices displayed a highly significant difference between the IUCD groups at three and six months after insertion (P<0.001). Uterine artery PI ≤2.02 (sensitivity of 95.8%, specificity of 100%, and area below the curve [AUC] of 0.97 at P-value<0.001) and RI ≤0.83 (sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity of 100%, and AUC of 0.949 at P-value<0.001) were correlated with significant menstrual bleeding following insertion of IUCD. @*Conclusion@#The presented results confirmed our assumption that the initial studies of uterine artery Doppler can predict heavy-menstrual bleeding associated with IUCD and therefore, should be conducted in women pursuing reversible longacting contraception.

comparison between magnesium sulphate and ritodrine on delaying the active phase of labor in women with premature rupture of membranes with preterm Labor

Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes [PPROM] refers to PROM before 37 weeks of gestation. It is responsible for, or associated with, approximately one-third of preterm births and the single most common identifiable factor associated with preterm labor [PTL]. This is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Management of preterm labor includes bed rest, adequate hydration, prophylactic cervical cerclage and use of tocolytic drugs. Administrations of tocolytic drugs including magnesium sulphate [MgSO4] and ritodrine have considerable influences on pregnancy outcomes

Objective: The present study aimed at comparing between the effects of magnesium sulphate administration and ritodrine on delaying the active phase of labor in women with premature rupture of membrane [PROM] and preterm labor, and determining the best drug with best results and fewest side effects

Patients and Methods: The present study was conducted on 80 patients, with established PROM, whose gestational ages ranged between 28 and 34 weeks, admitted to the hospital with PROM with PTL. In the current study, patients were allocated into two equal groups: group A [MgSO4], and group B [Ritodrine]

Results: Both drugs [MgSO4 and ritodrine] were effective on prolonging the gestational age of the studied women in both groups, and there was no significant difference between both groups. MgSO4 had fewer side effects than ritodrine, and there was significant difference between both groups

Conclusion: Both magnesium sulphate and ritodrine increase delay in reaching the active phase of labor in women with PROM with preterm labor

Role of ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy in treatment of lower limb varicose vein

Background: Veins have one-way valves which prevent blood from backing up into the legs when we stand or sit. When the valves become incompetent [or begin to have reflux], blood pools and causes an increase in pressure in the leg veins becoming enlarged and twisted

Objective: It was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of primary varicose veins

Methodology: This study was carried out in Radiology Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals. 20 patients with sonographically proven primary varicose veins for which they had foam sclerotherapy injection

Result: The 20 patients enrolled in this study were ranging from 24 to 52 years with mean age of 36.4 years

Conclusion: Foam Slcerotherapy is effective and safe in treatment of primary varicose veins

chronic myeloid leukemia with a unique variant philadelphia chromosome translocation: t [9; 22; 19] [q34; q11.2; p13]

Chronic myeloid leukemia [CML] is categorized as one of the myeloproliferative neoplasms, according to the World Health Organization [WHO] myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia classification. The hallmark of this disease is the presence of a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 [t[9;22][q34;q11]] which leads to the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome [Ph] and is present in 90%-95% of CML patients. In 5%-10% of CML cases, there are variants where one or more different chromosomes are involved in addition to chromosome 9 and 22. We present a patient with newly diagnosed CML with a rare variant translocation involving chromosomes 9, 19 and 22. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case study to describe a variant Ph chromosome translocation in chronic phase CML in Bahrain

Rapid Simultaneous detection of AmpC and ESBLs among Enterobacteriaceae using MastD68C detection set and possible therapeutic options

Extended spectrum beta -lactamases [ESBLs] and AmpC beta -lactamases are enzymes produced by a variety of Gram-negative bacteria which confer an increased resistance to commonly used antibiotics and represent a substantial clinical threat. Several phenotypic tests have been recommended for screening and confirmation of ESBL- and AmpC-producing organisms. However, a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm integrating both screening and confirmation has not been established. This study aimed to detect ESBL and/or AmpC production by using MastD68C ESBL and AmpC detection set as a single phenotypic method and to study its sensitivity and specificity comparing to other methods. Evaluate the effect of novel antibiotics namely tigecycline and doripenem, as well as the efficacy of old reviving antibiotics as colistin and temocillin against ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaecae. Hundred Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for ESBL production using disc diffusion method and confirmed by combination disc diffusion test. Screening of AmpC production was done by cefoxitin disc test, disc approximation test and confirmation was done by AmpC disc test. Isolates screened positive for ESBL were investigated for their susceptibility to temocillin, tigecycline, colistin and doripenem by E-test. Among the 100 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 45 were screened positive for ESBL-production using the disc diffusion test and 36 were confirmed by the combination disc test. Nine isolates were screened for AmpCproduction using the cefoxitin disc test and 5 isolates were confirmed as AmpC producers by AmpC disc test. Using MAST D68C set, 35 isolates were ESBL producers, 2 were AmpC producers, one isolate was both ESBL and AmpC producer. All isolates were sensitive to tigecycline and doripenem. Forty-three isolates were sensitive to colistin, while, thirty-seven isolates were sensitive to temocillin. MAST D68C test appears to be a promising way to detect isolates producing ESBL and/or AmpC. Tigecycline, doripenem, temocillin and colistin revealed excellent activity against ESBL- and AmpC- producing Enterobacteriaceae

Cocktail of Theileria equi antigens for detecting infection in equines

Objective: To use two diagnostic antigens belonging to the frequently associated in Theileria domain, Theileria equi (T. equi) protein 82 (Te 82) and T. equi 104 kDa microneme-rhoptry antigen precursor (Te 43), to diagnose T. equi infection in horses as compared with equi merozoite antigen-2 (EMA-2). Methods: In the current study, we applied a cocktail-ELISA containing two antigens (EMA-2+Te 82) to diagnose T. equi infection either in experimentally infected horses or in field infection. Results: Our findings have revealed that a cocktail formula of EMA-2+Te 82 provided a more practical and sensitive diagnostic candidate for diagnosing T. equi infection in horses as compared with Te 82 or Te 43 alone. Conclusions: The ELISA technique using a cocktail formula of EMA-2+Te 82 offers a practical and sensitive diagnostic tool for diagnosing T. equi infection in horses and using of this promising cocktail formula will be applicable for epidemiological surveys and will help control the infection in horses.

Coagulation and renal effects of voluven versus haes-steril in major orthopedic surgery

Hydroxyelhyl starch [HES] solutions are effective plasma volume expanders. Impairment of coagulation and renal junction occur with large HES volumes infused perioperatively. Therefore, a lower substituted novel HES [Voluven] was developed to minimize hemostatic interactions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the benefit of voluven to reduce hemostatic interactions and preserve renal junction while preserving its efficacy in restoring plasma volume in comparison to HAES-steril [pentastarch]. After approval of our local institutional university ethical committee, and a written consent was obtained from each one. Fifty consecutive adult patients, ASA I and II, scheduled for elective major orthopedic surgery at Assiut University Hospital were included in the study. The patients were allocated into two equal groups [each of 25 patients] according to the type of the study solution used as plasma volume replacement. Group-A: received [Voluven]. Group-B: received HAES-steril. Hemodynamic parameters: central venous pressure [CVP], mean arterial blood pressure [MABP], and heart rate [HR] were recorded before anesthesia induction [baseline], one hour after induction of anesthesia, at the end of surgery, 5 h after surgery and 24 h after surgery. Coagulation profile: Screening tests: prothrombin time [PT], prothrombin concentration [PC], International Normalized Ratio [INR]], partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] and serum fibrinogen level. Specific tests of haemostasis: factor VIII concentration and von Willebrand factor [vWF], Renal function tests: blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Measurements time: sample were collected one day before surgery ['baseline], at 5 h and 24h after surgery. Amount of given colloids [ml], blood loss [ml] and packed RBCs [ml,] were recorded in all patients in two groups. All patients in the two groups were subjected to the some anesthetic management. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS program version 16, a p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant differences with time as regard PT, PC, and INR in both groups and there was significant difference between the two groups, more increase in PT, INR and more decrease in PC in Haesteril group than in Voluven group. Voluven produced less inhibitory effect on coagulation factor VIII and Von Willibrand factor concentration and consequently, aPTT in comparison with HA ES-steril. Blood loss and transfusion requirements were less with Voluven group than with HAES-steril group. BUN and serum creatinine significantly changed over time in both groups but still within normal range in Voluven groups, but in Haesteril group there were significantly changed over time, mildly elevated above normal range and there was significant difference between the two groups with more increase in Haestril group. Compared with HAES-steril, Voluven are more likely to produce less coagulation abnormalities and less renal impairment in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery manifested by less blood loss and less erythrocytes transfusion

Role of magnetic resonance venography in evaluation of cerebral veins and sinuses occlusion

Cerebral venous occlusion [CVO] means intraluminal obstruction by cerebral venous thrombosis [CVT] or external compression. The differential diagnosis is broad including stroke, brain capillary telangiectasia, contusion, hypertensive hemorrhage, metastases and venous vascular malformations. MRI in conjunction with MRV is considered the modality of choice in diagnosis of CVO. To assess the role of magnetic resonance venography in the evaluation of cerebral veins and sinuses occlusion. The study was conducted on 15 patients with cerebral venous occlusion and subjected to MRI and MRV. The study included 13 patients with cerebral venous occlusion due to thrombosis and two patients with occlusion by tumors [meningioma]. MRI in conjunction with MRV is considered an accurate, safe, non-invasive, nonionizing diagnostic modality in assessing CVO. It can assess parenchymal lesions and detect intraluminal small thrombi and its extension

role of multi-detector computed tomography in the assessment of cystic and cavitary pulmonary lesions

Lung cysts and cavities are well defined lesions with definable walls containing air or fluid. The differential diagnosis is broad including congenital, idiopathic, infective or neoplastic lesions. Multidetector row CT is primary non-invasive evaluation of cystic and cavitary lesions. To assess the role of multi-detector computed tomography [MDCT] in evaluation of cystic and cavitary lesions in the lung. The study was conducted on 63 patients with cystic or cavitary pulmonary lesions and subjected to MDCT. The study included 33 patients with infective lesions, 13 patients with idiopathic lesions, eight patients with congenital lesions, seven patients with neoplastic lesions and two patients with pseudocystic lesions proved to be due to diaphragmatic hernias. MDCT is an accurate safe diagnostic modality in assessing cystic and cavitary lung lesions; it can assess wall thickness, size, contents and surrounding parenchyma

Antioxidant, lipid peroxidation-inhibitory and antiulcer activities of brown propolis

The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of brown propolis was determined by invitro antioxidant assays via 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl [DPPHú] free radical scavenging activity and phosphomolybdenum method. The brown propolis extract had an effective DPPHú scavenging activity at 20-200 micro g/ml concentrations. Moreover, the in-vivo experiments showed that brown propolis extract has a powerful antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in the liver tissues challenged with CCl4. On the other hand, we found that pretreatment of rats with propolis extract protected gastric tissues against indomethacin-induced gastropathy as demonstrated from reduction in the ulcer index, attenuation of histopathological changes and amelioration of the altered oxidative stress biomarkers like glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels and superoxide dismutase act ivi ty in gastric tissues. In conclusion, total ethanolic extract of brown propolis exposed major anti-oxidant and anti-ulcer activities

Role of multi-row detector CT enterography in evaluation of small bowel disorders

Imaging diagnosis of small bowel diseases has long been technically challenging. Imaging techniques included plain radiography, contrast studies, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], sonography, scintigraphy and angiography. Multi-row detector CT [MDCT] enterography is a new technique that improved depiction and characterization of small bowel pathology. To assess the role of multi row detector computed tomography [CT] enterography in evaluation of small bowel disorders. The study was conducted on 30 patients suffering from known or suspected small intestinal disease and subjected to CT enterography using multi-detector row CT and iso-osmotic mannitol as neutral enteric contrast material. CT showed symmetrical mural and mucosal changes in 12 patients, seven of them associated with comb sign and creeping fat sign proved to be Crohn's disease and five patients without specific features due to Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, typhoid colitis, ileitis sequel to complicated appendicitis and typhlitis with ileitis. CT showed symmetrical thickening, grey attenuation pattern and aneurysmal dilatation proved to be lymphoma in three patients. CT showed vascular occlusion and mural changes in two patients. CT showed hyperattenuating lesion in two patients due to bowel wall hematoma, CT showed asymmetrical thickening in four patients, two of them showed infiltrative mesenteric mass with calcifications and desmoplastic reaction proved to be due to carcinoid tumour. One patient with asymmetrical thickening showed strongly enhancing lesion in the enteric phase in the second part of duodenum proved to be periampullary carcinoma. The fourth patient with asymmetrical thickening showed heterogeneous enhancement in the venous at distal heal loop with mesenteric stranding, lymph adenopathy and liver deposit proved to be due to adenocarcinoma. CT showed dilated bowel loops with transitional zone in two patients proved to be due to intestinal obstruction, There were five patients with unremarkable CT features that were followed up without definite lesion. CT enterography with iso-osmotic mannitol is a simple, non invasive, economic, effective method for assessing small bowel disease and can replace other imaging modalities

[ use of youth university Arab satellite channels drama and its gratification [field study]]

Identify the motives of the use of university youth of the Arab satellite channels dramas, identifying quality gratifications for the Arab satellite channels to watch dramas, the identification of patterns of watching young university drama Arab channels, the identification of the main Arab satellite channels drama preferred personnel sample, identify the extent of a relationship connectivity between demographic variables and the size of exposure and the exposure of the motives of the Arab satellite channels and drama gratifications earned them, the verification of a test hyptheses regarding the relationship between the rate of exposure to the Arab channels dramas and motives exposure variables and intermediate and motives between exposure and exposure gratification a selective channels and the trend towards Arab drama. Using the analytical method of the survey, which is used to detect problems in a realistic framework. The newspaper adopted the study questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Included nineteen asked questions measuring goals tries researcher accessed through the interviewers answer them. Applied study on a sample of 350 Researched by 200 female, 150 male and female students from Mansoura University. HIT proportion of people watching satellite channels 100% of the total members of the sample and divided as follows who watched regularly hit accounted 62.3% of the total public an viewers who are not regularly hit accounted 37.7% of the total volume of the sample. MBC channels came in the arrangement between the first preference watch personnel sample by 13.1% in the second arrangement came Channel. Read by 12% in the third came Canal people by 10.9% in the fourth came arrangement channel Rotana Cinema at 9.7% of the total year. Percentage who watched channels dramas regularly 47.4% of the total public who watched as irregular hit accounted 48.3% of the total public and the proportion of people who are watching these channels 4% of the total year. The channel Rotana Cinema in arranging the first-preference watch members of the sample channels Arab drama by 32.9%. followed in arranging the second channel films by 20.35% in the third came A film channel. RT by 16%, then the arrangement came fourth channel Rotana Zaman by 11.1% of the total year operates the researcher

anatomical study of the cephalic vein in the forearm

The purpose of the present study was to throw more light on the anatomy of the cephalic vein in the forearm, especially in relation to easily identified bony landmarks. This may facilitate its use in cases of venous cut-down procedures. Dissection was performed on eighteen cadaveric specimens of human upper limbs in both sexes. The vein was found to begin from the radial end of the dorsal venous network of the hand. It lied in the superficial fascia, ascending on the lateral side of the forearm to the arm. Through its course, the only part to be related to a bony prominence was that lying on the lateral side of distal end of radius. Its position was behind the anterior edge of radius. This might be an anatomical basis to use this vein as an alternative to the great saphenous vein in cases that need surgical venous cut-down, when the superficial veins are not visible as in a state of shock. Superficial radial nerve was found to lie on the medial side of cephalic vein on the dorsum of the hand. Recognition of this consistent location to the vein facilitates its surgical exposure. This helps in localization of the vein through a limited incision, with uncomplicated and favorable outcome

Magnetic resonance imaging in differentiation between usual and unusual cerebellopontine angle lesions

To assess the role*of MRI in differentiation between usual and unusual cerebellopontine angle [CPA] lesions.The study was conducted on 40 patients with signs and symptoms pointing to CPA lesions and subjectedto MRI examination.MRI showed usual lesions such as Schwannoma in 14 patients and meningioma in eight patients. Lessfrequent lesions include glomus tumour in five patients and chordoma in five patients. Unusual lesions such asepidermoid cyst, arachnoid cyst, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, expophytic glioma, papillary adenocarcinoma ofendolymphatic sac, metastatic adenocarcinoma and atherosclerotic basilar artery in one patient for each entity.MRI could differentiate between usual and unusual lesions by proper identification of the site, extentand signal characteristic of each lesion

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of normal variations of corpus callosum according to sex and age

To evaluate changes in the size and morphology of the corpus callosum as regard sex and age. Two hundred persons with ages ranged between 20 and 80 years and had no psychiatric disorders or lesion involving the corpus callosum or adjacent structures including 100 males and 100 females were studied by MRI for brain. The study revealed increase in total callosal area in females than in males. The maximum changes in size were found in isthmus and splenium and least variations occurred in the trunk. There was no specific sex variation in genu and rostrum. There was definite decrease in the total callosal area in old age group in both sexes. In males the decrease was evident above age of 60 years and in females above the age of 70 years. The maximal decline in size was found in the genu. No specific morphological patterns could be described for corpus callosum in different sex or age groups. MRI is the most valuable imaging modality in evaluation of the corpus callosum. The females have larger corpus callosum evidently seen at posterior part. There is decline in size of corpus callosum in old age evidently seen in the anterior part

Magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of a lucent bony lesion on plain x-ray

To assess the ability of MFJ in characterization of lucent bony lesion noticed on plain x ray. The study was conducted on 43 patients with a lucent bony lesion on plain x ray and subjected to MRI examination. MRI showed homogenous signal in 26 lesions and heterogenous signal in 17 lesions. The signal was hypointense on T1WI in 37 patients and isointense in six patients. The signal was hyperintense on T2WI in 25 lesions, hypointense on T2WI in 12 lesions and isointense in 6 lesions. Contrast was injected in 18 patients and the lesions showed variable degree of enhancement. MI?J showed lobulation of the lesion in 17 patients, hypointense margins in 18 patients, fluid.fluid level in 12 patients, central hypointense signal in four patients, soft tissue mass in three patients and oedema adjacent to lesion in six patients. Final diagnosis confirmed presence of aneurysmal bone cyst in nine patients, non ossdying fibroma in seven patients, giant cell tumour in seven patients, osteoblastoma in four patients, osteoid osteoma, enchondroma, chondroblastoma, metastases and fibrous dysplasia in two patients for each pathology. Eosinophilic granuloma, chondromyxoid fibroma, arteriovenous malformation, Ewing's sarcoma, simple bone cyst and small cell sarcoma in one patient for each pathology. MRI was able to asses the fluid and cellular contents of lesions, presence of haemorrhage, necrosis, borders of the lesion, presence of soft tissue mass and oedema adjacent to lesion that could limit differential diagnosis and the need for histopathologic confirmation

Computed tomography [CT] versus magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] in differentiation between neoplastic orbital lesions

To compare between the role of CT and MRI in diagnosis of neoplastic orbital lesions. The study included 126 patients proved to have orbital neoplasm and were subjected to CT and MRI. The study included. 59 males and 67 females with age ranged from 12 days to 91 years. The orbital lesions were bilateral in 16 patients. The lesions were distributed according to their location in one or more of the five orbital compartments including optic nerve, globe, conal intraconal, extra-conal and preseptal space. The most frequent encountered lesion was lymphoma followed by following order: uveal melanoma, optic nerve glioma, juxtaorbital meningioma, retinoblastoma, optic nerve meningioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, metastases, pleomorphic carcinoma, leukemia, aneurysmal bone cyst, schwannoma, neurofibroma, capillary hemangioma, basal cell fibroma, lacrimal gland carcinoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant teratoma, osteoma, assifying fibroma and esthesioneuroblastoma. CT assessed the attenuation values of the lesion, presence of enhancement, bony changes and calc/lcations. MRJ assessed signal changes on T1 and T2WI and enhancement. CT and MRI are complimentary studies for imaging of orbital neoplasm

Knee trauma: MR imaging

To assess the role of MRI in evaluation of patients suffering from trauma. The study was conducted on 30 patients who had history of knee trauma and subjected to MRI examination. MRI showed bone contusion or fracture in 27 patients, the commonest site was found in lateral femoral condyle followed by medial femoral condyle and intercondylar eminence of tibia. All patients showed soft tissue injuries, the commonest injury was knee effusion followed by tear of anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus. MRI is the imaging modality of choice to assess knee trauma. It showed bony, cartilaginous, ligamentous and soft tissue injuries. It could characterize the nature of post traumatic knee collections