ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to isolate Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile in crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) from Northeastern Brazil. Stool samples of 18 captive crab-eating foxes from four states of Northeastern Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Paraíba e Pernambuco) were collected and subjected to C. perfringens and C. difficile isolation. Suggestive colonies of C. perfringens were then analyzed for genes encoding the major C. perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota), beta-2 toxin (cpb2), enterotoxin (cpe), and NetB- (netB) and NetF- (netF) encoding genes. C. difficile strains were analyzed by multiplex-PCR for a housekeeping gene (tpi), toxins A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) and a binary toxin gene (cdtB). Unthawed aliquots of stool samples positive for toxigenic C. difficile were subjected to a commercial ELISA to evaluate the presence of A/B toxins. Clostridium perfringens (type A) was isolated from five (27%) samples, and only one sample was positive for beta-2 enconding gene (cpb2). Two (11%) stool samples were positive for C. difficile, but negative for A/B toxins. These two wild canids were also positive for C. perfringens type A. This is the first report of C. difficile in crab-eating fox.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar Clostridium perfringens e C. difficile em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) da região Nordeste do Brasil. Amostras de fezes de 18 cachorros-do-mato mantidos em cativeiro e oriundos de quatro estados da região Nordeste do Brasil (Alagoas, Bahia, Paraíba e Pernambuco) foram coletadas e submetidas a isolamento de C. perfringens e C. difficile. As colônias sugestivas de C. perfringens foram analisadas para os genes que codificam as principais toxinas de C. perfringens (alfa, beta, épsilon e iota), toxina beta-2 (cpb2), enterotoxina (cpe) e NetB- (netB) e NetF- (netF). As cepas de C. difficile foram analisadas por PCR-multiplex para o gene tpi, toxinas A (tcdA) e B (tcdB) e um gene de toxina binária (cdtB). Alíquotas de amostras de fezes positivas para C. difficile toxigênico foram submetidas a um ELISA comercial para avaliar a presença de toxinas A/B. Clostridium perfringens (tipo A) foi isolado de cinco (27%) amostras, e apenas uma amostra foi positiva para o gene da toxina beta-2 (cpb2). Duas (11%) amostras de fezes foram positivas para C. difficile, mas negativas para toxinas A/B. Estes dois canídeos silvestres também foram positivos para C. perfringens tipo A. Este é o primeiro relato de C. difficile em cachorro-do-mato.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification , Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/veterinaryABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este estudo investigar a ocorrência de Mycoplasma spp., Mycoplasma galissepticum (MG) e Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) em psitacídeos de cativeiro localizado no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram estudadas 85 aves provenientes do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, localizado no estado do Pernambuco, Brasil. De cada psitacídeo analisado foram obtidas três amostras por meio de swabs da cloaca, palato e conjuntiva totalizando 255 amostras. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas à extração de DNA e à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), sendo as positivas submetidas ao isolamento em ágar Frey. O DNA de Mycoplasma spp. foi detectado em 16,47% (14/85) dos psitacídeos estudados. Das 255 amostras analisadas, 6,66% (17/255) foram positivas para a presença de Mycoplasma spp., sendo 41,18% (7/17) provenientes da conjuntiva, 35,29% (6/17) do palato e 23,53% (4/17) da cloaca. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para MG ou MS na PCR. Os resultados obtidos permitem confirmar a presença do DNA de Mycoplasma spp. em conjuntiva, palato e cloaca nas aves estudadas. Foram detectadas colônias semelhantes a membros da classe Mollicutes em 17,64% das amostras (3/17). Esse é o primeiro relato da presença de Mycoplasma spp. em psitacídeos de cativeiro no Nordeste do Brasil.
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Mycoplasma spp., Mycoplasma galissepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in captive psittacines. Eighty-five wild birds from Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil, were used. From each psittacid analyzed three samples were obtained through cloaca, palate and conjunctiva swabs, totaling 255 samples. Samples collected were submitted to DNA extraction and Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Mycoplasma spp. DNA was detected in 16.47% (14/85) of psittacines studied. From 255 samples, 6.66% (17/255) were positive for Mycoplasma spp.: 41.18% (7/17) of positivity in conjunctiva, 35.29% (6/17) in palate and 23.53% (4/17) in cloaca. There was no positive sample for MG or MS in PCR. Similar colonies were found for members of the Mollicutes Class in 17.64% of the samples (3/17). The results confirmed Mycoplasma spp. DNA in conjunctiva, palate and cloaca from the wild birds analyzed. This is the first record of Mycoplasma spp. in captive psittacines from northeastern Brazil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mycoplasma gallisepticum , Mycoplasma synoviae , Parrots , Tenericutes , Electrophoresis/veterinary , Bacterial Infections/veterinaryABSTRACT
A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é caracterizada por distúrbios que podem comprometer a nutrição do paciente e causar perda de peso e deficiências nutricionais durante a doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de pacientes brasileiros com doença de Alzheimer em diferentes estágios da doença. A amostra foi composta por 30 indivíduos, com idade média de 77 anos, de ambos os sexos, com provável DA. Os indivíduos foram avaliados através de dados antropométricos, Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN), albumina sérica, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, e recordatório de 24 horas. Embora tenha sido encontrada uma diminuição no peso médio entre os estágios da doença (CDR1: 70,8±15,9 kg; CDR2: 61,4±15,7 kg; CDR3: 56,1± 8,4kg) conforme a progressão da doença, a diferença não foi significativa. Os parâmetros MAN e albumina sérica mostraram uma diminuição entre os estágios da doença (p = 0,042,p = 0,047, respectivamente), sendo que no estágio grave metade dos pacientes estava desnutrida e a outra metade em risco de desnutrição. De acordo com o índice de massa corporal, 23,3% dos pacientes estavam com sobrepeso. O valor nutricional da ingestão alimentar foi similar nos estágios de DA. Em conclusão, a maioria dos pacientes brasileiros com DA neste estudo apresentaram desnutrição, apesar de o consumo alimentar ter sido similar entre os estágios da doença, uma vez que não apresentou associação direta com a progressão da DA...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by disorders that can impair the nutrition of the patient and lead to weight loss and nutritional deficits during the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and food intake of Brazilian patients with Alzheimer's disease at 3 different stages of the disease. The sample consisted of 30 subjects of both genders, mean age 77 years, with probable AD. Subjects were assessed by collecting anthropometric data, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), serum albumin content, Mini Mental State Examination and 24-hour records of food and drink. Although a steady decrease in average weight was observed as the disease progressed (CDR1: 70.8±15.9 kg; CDR2: 61.4±15.7 kg; CDR3: 56.1± 8.4 kg), the differences were not significant. MNA and serum albumin both fell during the progression of the disease (p = 0.042; p = 0.047, respectively) and, at the severe stage, half the patients were found to be undernourished and the other half at risk of undernutrition. According to their body mass index, 23.3% of patients were overweight. The nutritional value of the food consumed was similar across the stages of AD. In conclusion, the majority of Brazilian patients with AD in this study exhibited cognitive decline and malnutrition. However, food intake was similar among the stages of the disease, thus having no direct association with the progression of AD...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diet , Alzheimer Disease/etiology , Nutritional Status , Body WeightABSTRACT
5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) has long been known to interfere with cell differentiation. We found that treatment ofBradysia hygida larvae with BrdUrd during DNA puff anlage formation in the polytene chromosomes of the salivary gland S1 region noticeably affects anlage morphology. However, it does not affect subsequent metamorphosis to the adult stage. The chromatin of the chromosomal sites that would normally form DNA puffs remains very compact and DNA puff expansion does not occur with administration of 4 to 8 mM BrdUrd. Injection of BrdUrd at different ages provoked a gradient of compaction of the DNA puff chromatin, leading to the formation of very small to almost normal puffs. By immunodetection, we show that the analogue is preferentially incorporated into the DNA puff anlages. When BrdUrd is injected in a mixture with thymidine, it is not incorporated into the DNA, and normal DNA puffs form. Therefore, incorporation of this analogue into the amplified DNA seems to be the cause of this extreme compaction. Autoradiographic experiments and silver grains counting showed that this treatment decreases the efficiency of RNA synthesis at DNA puff anlages.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology , DNA , Diptera/genetics , Insect Proteins/drug effects , Salivary Glands/chemistry , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/drug effects , Autoradiography , Cell Differentiation , Insect Proteins/genetics , Larva/drug effects , Salivary Glands/drug effects , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/geneticsSubject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Chiroptera/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Sexual Maturation/physiologyABSTRACT
O estudo citogenético convencional em uma menina com aniridia esporádica resultou em uma aparente translocaçäo balanceada t(11;13)(p13;q33) de novo. Entretanto, o estudo citogenético pela hibridaçäo in situ fluorescente (FISH) detectou a presença de uma deleçäo críptica 11p13p14, incluindo a regiäo WAGR e envolvendo aproximadamente 7.5 Mb de DNA, deletando os genes PAX6 e WT1. Estes resultados correlacionam-se com o quadro clínico da paciente e a coloca em alto risco de desenvolver tumor de Wilms. A ausência de retardo mental na paciente indica que a posiçäo distal do ponto de quebra poderá refinar o mapeamento do locus retardo mental na síndrome de genes contíguos WAGR (Wilms, aniridia, anomalias genitais e retardo mental).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Aniridia/genetics , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Chromosome Deletion , WAGR Syndrome/geneticsABSTRACT
When the first group of DNA puffs is active in the salivary gland regions S1 and S3 of Bradysia hygida larvae, there is a large increase in the production and secretion of new salivary proteins demonstrable by [3H]-Leu incorporation. The present study shows that protein separation by SDS-PAGE and detection by fluorography demonstrated that polypeptides range in molecular mass from about 23 to 100 kDa. Furthermore, these proteins were synthesized mainly in the S1 and S3 salivary gland regions where the DNA puffs C7,C5,C4 and B10 are conspicuous, while in the S2 region protein synthesis was very low. Others have shown that the extent of amplification for DNA sequences that code for mRNA in the DNA puffs C4 and B10 was about 22 and 10 times, respectively. The present data for this group of DNA puffs are consistent with the proposition that gene amplification is necessary to provide some cells with additional gene copies for the production of massive amounts of proteins within a short period of time (Spradling AC and Mahowald AP (1980) Proccedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 77: 1096-1100).
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Diptera/genetics , DNA Probes/genetics , Gene Amplification/genetics , In Vitro Techniques , Peptides/biosynthesis , Salivary Glands/physiology , Saliva/chemistry , Electrophoresis , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , RadioactivityABSTRACT
The present paper aimed at testing the action of non-lyophilized venom of Africanized bees Apis mellifera through topical applications on Diatraea saccharalis egg masses. The CL50, DL50 and the most susceptible age of eggs to the venom topic application were also determined. Three-day-old eggs were the most susceptible to the venom action with CL50 equal to 8.6 mg/ml and DL50 equal to 0.173 mg/mass. The venom loses its action after being stored for 15 days.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bee Venoms/pharmacology , Bee Venoms/toxicity , Bees , Insect Control , Insecta/drug effectsABSTRACT
Os autores investigam o funcionamento da tireóide em 43 crianças com síndrome de Down e 48 controles em faixas etárias entre três meses e 18 anos, através de dosagens séricas de T3 livre (T3L), T4 L livre (T4L), tireotropina (TSH), T3 reverso (rT3) e anticorpos antimicrossomais (AcAM) e antitireoglobulina (AcAT). A idade óssea e as habilidades intelectuais também foram estimadas. Das 43 crianças com síndrome de Down, uma tinha hipotireoidismo clínico e em 12 havia hipotireoidismo subclíníco (27,9 por cento). A percentagem de AcAM titulável no grupo dos Down foi de 37,2 por cento. Em 25,6 por cento dos pacientes submetidos a radiografia de maos e punhos havia retardo na idade óssea. As médias hormonais dos casos de síndrome de Down sem disfunçao tireóidea detectável, quando comparadas às dos controles, mostraram-se significativamente mais elevadas quanto ao TSH e mais reduzidas quanto ao rT3. É possível que o déficit relativo de rT3 na síndrome de Down, confirmado neste trabalho, represente tao somente mais uma manifestaçao do hipotireoidismo. O rendimento intelectual dos casos de síndrome de Down com hipotireoidismo exclusivamente subclínico revelou-se comparável ao daqueles sem alteraçoes hormonais, embora o paciente com hipotireoidismo clínico mostrasse importante déficit mental. Crianças com síndrome de Down têm elevado risco de desenvolver hipotireoidismo, devendo portanto ser submetidas a estudos laboratoriais especializados, objetivando a prevençao de danos progressivos à funçao intelectual.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Thyroid Gland/physiology , Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Antibodies/blood , Bone Development , Child Development , Hyperthyroidism/blood , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/blood , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Intelligence , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine, Reverse/blood , Triiodothyronine/bloodABSTRACT
Os autores descrevem um caso de lesäo traumática do pescoço num homem de 34 anos, do qual resultou secçäo do bulbo carotídeo de 34 anos, do qual resultou secçäo do bulbo carotídeo. Após dificil controle da hemorragia, que levou à realizaçäo de procedimentos pouco habituais, procederam a reconstruçäo da carotida interna tendo laqueado a carotida externa. O pós-operatório decorreu sem complicaçöes e sem alteraçöes neurológicas significativas. Terminam fazendo uma revisäo da literatura sobre estes casos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Carotid Arteries/injuries , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Carotid Arteries/surgery , Neck/injuriesABSTRACT
A recombinant clone carrying a 2-kb fragment was isolated from a mini-library of the B10 DNA puff of Bradysia hygida. This fragment was amplified in the salivary gland during the period of DNA puff formation. Amplification started when DNA puff anlage was formed and continued to increase, reaching a maximum of abouth 10-fold 28 h later. Northern blot hybridization experiments showed that this 2-kb fragment was complementary to two RNA species of about 1.3 kb and 1.1 kb, which are developmentally regulated in the salivary gland. Maximum amounts of these messages were present when the B10 puff is fully expanded
Subject(s)
Cloning, Molecular , DNA , Drosophila , Gene Amplification , Salivary Glands , Transcription, GeneticSubject(s)
Infant , Humans , Male , Abnormalities, Multiple , Cytogenetics , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Microcephaly , Intellectual DisabilityABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam um caso de fistula pieloduodenal de origem traumatica discutindo suas etiologias e tratamento
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Duodenal Diseases , Fistula , Kidney Pelvis , Wounds, GunshotABSTRACT
O autor apresenta um caso de torcao bilateral de testiculo por trauma durante o parto. Comenta a raridade da patologia, discute as causas determinantes e a necessidade de cuidadoso exame da genitalia apos o parto avaliando o diagnostico diferencial
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Birth Injuries , Spermatic Cord TorsionABSTRACT
Revisao de novas tecnicas de bandeamento cromossomico e sua contribuicao a compreensao de aberracoes e anormalidades endocrinas