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Galectin⁃3 is an endogenous lectin with extensive immunomodulatory effects, and plays an important role in inflammatory response, autoimmunity and tumorigenesis. However, the expression of galectin⁃3 in ulcerative colitis (UC) and its relationship with disease activity of UC are unclear. Aims: To detect the expression of galectin⁃3 in colon tissue and serum in UC patients, and explore the relationship between galectin⁃3 and disease activity. Methods: Thirty⁃ three patients with UC diagnosed and treated from March 2019 to December 2019 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited, and 20 paracancerous normal tissue of colon cancer patients were served as controls. The expression of galectin ⁃ 3 in colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry SABC. Serum samples of 24 UC patients and 20 healthy controls were collected. Serum level of galectin⁃3 was detected by ELISA. Results: The positive expression rate of galectin⁃3 in colon tissue in UC patients was significantly lower than that in paracancerous normal tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive expression rate in mild UC patients was higher than that in moderate to severe UC patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive expression rate in remission stage was higher than that in active stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum galectin⁃3 level in UC patients was higher than that in healthy control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum galectin ⁃ 3 level in moderate to severe UC patients was higher than that in mild UC group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum galectin ⁃ 3 level in active UC patients was higher than that in remission UC patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: In UC patients, the expression of galectin⁃3 in colon tissue and serum are dysregulated, and the expression of galectin⁃3 in colon tissue is decreased, especially in moderate to severe UC, while the serum galectin⁃3 level is opposite to the tissue expression.
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Background: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, and anemia, one of the most prevalent extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, is still often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Aims: To analyze the correlations of clinical factors with anemia in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 60 cases of UC admitted from September 2019 to May 2020 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Sixty healthy subjects were served as controls. Data of fasting venous blood sample analysis on admission were collected, and the correlations of indicators for anemia with the clinical factors were analyzed. Results: The indicators for anemia, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) etc. were significantly decreased in UC patients than in healthy controls (all P<0.05). RBC was lower in females than in males (P<0.05); RBC and HCT were lower in patients with pancolitis than in those with proctitis or left hemi-colon colitis (all P<0.05); RBC, Hb and HCT were lower in severe active UC than in mild active UC (all P<0.05). RBC, Hb, HCT and MCH were negatively correlated with two disease activity indicators for IBD, C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Gender, as well as the disease extent, activity and severity are important clinical factors for anemia in patients with UC.
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Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a proteolytic enzyme involved in wound healing, tissue remodeling by regulating a variety of extracellular matrix and non-matrix substrates, and is an important mediator of tissue damage during inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aims: To investigate the clinical significance of MMP-7 in IBD. Methods: A total of 38 cases of colon biopsy samples from patients with IBD from January 2019 to January 2021 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected, including 20 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 18 Crohn's disease (CD). The paracancerous tissues of 5 patients with colon cancer were served as the control group. The expression of MMP-7 in colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and its correlation with C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) was analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the expression of MMP-7 was significantly up-regulated in both active UC group and severe CD group (P0.05). The expression of MMP-7 in colon tissue of patients with active IBD was positively correlated with CRP and WBC (P<0.001). Conclusions: The expression of MMP-7 is correlated with the activity and severity of IBD, but not correlated with gender, age, and whether treated with anti-TNF-α agents. To some extent, MMP-7 can indicate the severity of intestinal inflammation, and may be an important indicator of inflammatory activity in IBD.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are still not clear. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) plays an important role in regulating intestinal immunity, maintaining intestinal epithelial cell barrier, and coordinating the composition of intestinal flora. In addition, NGAL is useful for helping the clinical testing of IBD. This article reviewed the research progress of NGAL in IBD.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of short non-coding RNAs consisting of about 22 nucleotides that downregulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs. With the increase in research about miRNAs, it is found that miRNAs could modulate the differentiation and secretion of immunocytes as well as the function of intestinal mucosal barrier. Besides, miRNAs could regulate the composition of intestinal microbiome, and could be used as crucial biomarkers for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this paper, the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IBD were reviewed through intestinal immunity and barrier function.
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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm, which exist in multi-vesicular bodies in the form of intraluminal vesicles. Exosomes can be secreted by a variety of immune cells. Studies have shown that exosomes might play an important role in IBD through their components, such as annexin-A1 (ANXA1), the miRNAs and lipids. As a carrier of antigen presentation, it can affect the signaling pathways related to IBD, regulate the immune response and intestinal homeostasis. This article reviewed the relationship between exosomes and IBD.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)is an autoimmune disease leading to diarrhea,abdominal pain,and weight loss. The pathogenesis of diarrhea remains unclear,however,increasing evidence has shown that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)is associated with diarrhea. ENaC is crucial in the control of sodium homeostasis,extracellular fluid volume,blood pressure. This article reviewed advances in study on relationship between ENaC and IBD.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and application values of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with micro-probe in duodenal lesions.Methods Clinical data of 37 patients with duodenal lesions and underwent EUS with micro-probe were analyzed retrospectively.All lesions were treated with endoscopic mucosal resection or surgical resection to get the pathological diagnosis.The diagnostic accuracy of EUS with microprobe and endoscopic biopsy was analyzed respectively.Results The overall diagnosis accuracy of EUS with micro-probe on duodenal lesions was 78.38％ (29/37),with a higher diagnostic rate in duodenal lipoma 4/4and duodenal adenomas 10/12 than in early duodenal cancer 2/4 or inflammatory hyperplasia 3/8.The overall diagnostic accuracy of biopsy on duodenal lesions was 40.54％ (15/37),with a higher diagnosis rate on duodenal carcinoid 1/1 and adenoma 7/12 than on duodenal stromal tumor 1/10 and lipoma 1/4.Conclusion Pathological evaluation of endoscopic biopsy sample is not a golden standard for the diagnosis of duodenal lesions,while EUS with micro-probe has better diagnostic and application value.
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Objective To investigate the role of bacterial flagellin and CD98 in ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods A total of 60 first episode patients with active UC were recruited,including 30 mild and 30 moderate to severe UC cases.The serum of 30 healthy volunteers and normal intestinal tissues surgically removed from 15 colon cancer patients (more than 5 cm away from surgical margins) were collected as control.The content of bacterial flagellin antibodies in peripheral blood were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of CD98 in peripheral blood T lymphocyte was measured by flow cytometry (FACS).The expression of bacterial flagellin protein in intestinal mucosa and CD98 in intestinal epithelial basement membrane was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The comparison between two groups was performed with the SNK-q method,the R×C table x2 test was used to analyze the counted data,and the Spearman correlation was used to analyze the rank materials.Results The peripheral blood concentration of bacteria flagella protein antibody of control group,mild UC group and moderate to severe group showed an upward trend,which was (7.603±2.118) pg/ml,(13.702±3.131) pg/ml and (20.813±3.004) pg/ml respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (F=13.57,P＜0.01).The expression percentage of bacteria flagella protein in intestinal mucosa of the three groups also showed an upward trend,which was 3/15,56.67％ and 73.33％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =11.553,P=0.003).The positive rate of CD98 expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of the three groups showed an upward trend,which was (28.42±4.31)％,(32.45±6.71)％ and (43.40±5.09) ％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =10.110,P=0.007).The positive rate of CD98 expression in intestinal epithelial cells of the three groups also showed an upward trend,which was 1/15,36.67 ％ and 66.67％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =5.400,P＜0.05).There was positive correlation between the peripheral blood concentration of bacteria flagella protein antibody and the expression of CD98 in peripheral blood T lymphocytes (r=0.548,P＜0.05).Conclusion Bacterial flagellin and CD98 may be important factors causing inflammatory reaction activity in UC.
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ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effects and value of endoscopic variceal ligation and tissue glue injection therapy in esophageal and gastric fundal varices.Methods184 patients with severe esophageal varices underwent endoscopic variceal ligation treatment,and 32 cases of those accompanied with gastric fundal varices were treated with tissue glue injection therapy.All patients were followed-up for 6-months to observe the therapeutic effects and complication of endoscopic variceal ligation and tissue glue injection therapy.ResultsThe effective rate of endoscopic variceal ligation in severe esophageal varices was 71.74 ％ ( 132/184 ),the rate of acute hemostasis was 95.00％(57/60)and the rate of complication was 2.17 ％ (4/184).The effective rate of tissue glue injection in gastric fundal varices was 100％ (32/32) and the rate of complication was 21.88％ (7/32) (7 cases with refractory ulcers in injection site,2 of refractory ulcers cases with bleeding).There was no perforation and severe infection complications.ConclusionEndoscopic variceal ligation and tissue glue injection therapy have good therapeutic effects in esophageal and gastric fundal varices.
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Objective To investigate the impacts of S-ademetionine (SAM) on cell cycles,apoptosis and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell lines,and its effects on methylation and expressions of c-myc and uPA.Methods MKN-28,SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells were treated with gradient concentrations of SAM(0,2 and 4 mmol/L) for 72 hours.The changes of cell cycles and apoptosis were detected by flow eytometry,and invasion was detected by transwell assay.The expressions and methylations of c-myc and uPA were examined by RT-PCR and MSP,respectively.Results The cell apoptosis significantly increased and cell invasive capacity was restrained in three cell lines with increase of SAM concentration (all P values<0.01).In SGC-7901,the cell percentage of G0/G1 phase significantly increased [(74.53±2.49)% vs.(56.67±1.18)%,P<0.053,whereas the cell proliferation index (PI) decreased [(25.50±2.46)% vs.(43.33±1.18)%,P<0.05] in comparison with controls.The expressions of c-myc and uPA mRNA in SGC-7901,uPA mRNA in MKN-45 and in 4 mmol/L SAM treated MKN-28 significantly decreased.The methylations of c-myc gene in SGC-7901 and uPA gene in three cell lines were reversed after treated with SAM.Conclusions SAM reduces expressions of c-myc and uPA by reversing the methylations of c-myc in SGC-7901 and uPA in all three cell lines.However SAM,as methyl donor,can restrain the development and progression of tumor when hypomethylation widely presents in cancer.
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Objective To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor -?(TNF-?)in the pathogenesis of experimental murine colitis.Methods From Apr.1999 to May 2002,in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,an experimental colitis model was established in which chronic colitis was induced by transfer of syngeneic CD45RB,CD~+_4T cells into severe combined immunodeficient(SCID)mice.These SCID recipients were treated with anti-TNF-? mAb,and the efficacy was observed and the mechanism was studied.Results Anti-TNF-? effectively prevented intestinal mucosal inflammation.Anti-TNF-? mAb also significantly suppressed leukocyte infiltration(e.g,CD~+_4 T cells,mononuclear macrophages)in the inflamed colon,and down-regulated production of proinflammatory cytokines interferon(IFN-?)and IL-2 of CD~+_4T cells in lamina propria.Conclusion The data suggests that administration of anti-TNF-? reverses mucosal inflammation via down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and decreases leukocyte infiltration in the bowel,thus providing additional support for TNF-?-targeted therapy in human Crohn's disease.
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Objective To detect the expression of IL-23 receptor in T lymphocytes and NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclears(PBMC)from patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)as well as its significance in the pathogenesis.Methods PBMC,isolated from 30 patients with UC,16 patients with CD and 30 healthy controls,were used to determine the expression of IL-23 receptor in T lymphocytes and NK cells by flow cytometry.The surface of lymphocytes was determined by three-colour flow cytometry in inflammatory bowel disease patients,and the results were compared with those of normal peripheral blood.Results The expression of IL-23R on peripheral CD4+ T,CD8+ T and CD56+ NK cells of patients was obviously higher than that in the control group.Conclusion The expression of IL-23R on T lymphocytes and NK cells of patients with IBD was increased,suggesting that IL-23 receptor plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD.