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Advanced non-small cell lung cancer is one of the most difficult malignant tumors in the world. At present, chemotherapy is the most common treatment for NSCLC. However, traditional chemotherapy can kill tumor cells as well as normal cells. In order to solve this problem, metronomic chemotherapy came into being. It can inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth through a continuous high-frequency, low-dose administration. Metronomic chemotherapy can effectively control the disease progression of advanced NSCLC patients, delay their life span and improve their quality of life. Therefore, metronomic chemotherapy has become an effective treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
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Objective Lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy, and the incidence and mortality are the highest among cancers. Increasing the diagnostic rate of early-stage lung cancer is very important to improve the prognosis of patients. The occurrence and development of lung cancer is a complex process mediated by multiple genes and multiple signaling pathways. The detection of biomarkers has received great attention in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. With the deepening of research and advances in detection technology, biomarkers such as autoantibodies, exosomes, circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and DNA methylation of lung cancer have been continuously discovered, and precision medicine has been deeply rooted in the hearts of people. This article gives an overview of the research progress of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Most patients with lung cancer will find brain metastases in the late stage,the metastatic tumor is a common complication in the patients with advanced lung cancer and treatment failure.In recent years, with the rise in the incidence of lung cancer and the development of diagnosis and treatment technology,the diagnosis rate of lung cancer with brain metastases has been significantly improved.Approximately 10% of the newly diagnosed lung cancer patients have had brain metastases,and up to 40% of patients get secondary brain metastases during the treatment.Therefore,a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of patients with advanced metastatic brain tumors(the chemotherapy, whole brain radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, surgical treatment,targeted therapy,traditional Chinese medicine treatment,palliative care)will greatly reduce the clinical symptoms,improve the quality of life and prolong the survival period.
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Bone morphogenetic protein-4(BMP4) is one of BMPs member,it not only can play an important role in cell proliferation and invasion,but also play an important role in cell differentiation,apoptosis and angiogenesis.A study showed BMP4 in malignant tumor can inhibit the growth of tumor cells,and also can induce tumor cell invasion,metastasis and epithelial mesenchymal transformation,and SMAD is the classic signaling pathways.BMP4 is expected to become a potential therapeutic targets and in evaluating the prognosis,immune therapy in malignant tumor.In this paper,the structure and function of BMP4 and its mechanism in tumor were reviewed.
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Objective To detect the expression of CD 44 +/CD24 -and E-cadherin and vimentin in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical prognostic relevance .Methods By immunohistochemistry , detecting , 500 cases of non-small cell lung cancer E -cadherin ,Vimentin and CD44 +/CD24 -expressions′correlation ,we analyzed the relationship with non -small cell lung cancer .Results In non-small cell lung cancer , vimentin was related to tissue differentiation,TNM staging(P<0.05);there was relationship between CD44 +/CD24 -and EMT by E-cadherin expression(P <0.05);CD44 +/CD24 -expression was related to lymph node metastasis , differentiation(P<0.05);their expressions were not obviously related to age ,sex,smoking history,clinical patho-logical type .The survival time of CD44 +/CD24 -high expression in NSCLC was significantly shorter than lower expression in NSCLC(P<0.05).Conclusion EMT malignant phenomenon raises cancer stem cells ,which can lead to the development of malignant cells poorly differentiated trends ,they are not an isolated process;important role in the development of EMT and CD 44 +/CD24 -union occurs in non -small cell lung cancer and prognosis with patients ,which provides a potential breakthrough in the treatment of cancer prevention and treatment targets .
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Objective To study the effects of propofol on the whole-cell sodium currents in rat sympathetic neurons in order to investigate the mechanisms of propofol-mediated peripheral vasodilation.Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from enzymatically isolated rat superior cervical sympathetic neurons.Results Propofol dose-dependently blocked the whole-cell sodium currents evoked by a voltage step from a holding potential of -- 80mV to 0mV with a mean IC50 value of 32. 19?mol/L (r = 0. 982, P
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Objective The effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine on the Na+ current of dorsal horn neurons was observed to further evaluate the mechanism of local anesthetics . Methods The dorsal horn neurons of the SD neonates(0-7 d) were isolated acutely. Under the condition of holding voltage -80mV , and testing voltage -30mV with duration of 20 ms , the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to recording the changes of voltage-gated Na+ currents following the administration of lidocaine or bupivacaine at 50-1000?mol/L.Results The voltage-gated Na+ currents ranged from 0.5-8nA peak amplitude , was inhibited by lidocaine and bupivacaine at clinical concentrations, the inhibitory degree was parallelly correlated with the concentration of local anesthetics(r=0.949 and 0.847 ,P