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Four new prenylflavonoid glycosides, namely koreanoside H-K (1-4), together with eleven known ones (5-15) were isolated from the leaves of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR and UV. The identification of the sugar moieties was carried out by means of acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of their derivatives. It is worth noting that compound 3 and compound 4 were elucidated to contain fucose and quinovose moieties, which were two extremely rare sugar units from the genus Epimedium. The anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity of the new compounds was evaluated using A549 cell line. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 showed significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Epimedium/chemistry , Glycosides/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistryABSTRACT
Ocotillol (OT)-type ginsenosides, one subtype of ginsenosides, consist of a dammarane skeleton and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Most naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides exist in Panax species, particularly in Panax quinquefolius, which may be attributed to the warm and humid climate of its native areas. Till now, merely 28 types of naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides have been isolated. In contrast, semi-synthesized OT-type ginsenosides are attracted considerable attentions. These ginsenosides can be obtained through oxidation and cyclization of side chains of dammarane-type ginsenosides, and other methods, which may change their physical and chemical properties and further improve their bioavailabilities. It is also notable that the pharmacological activities of ginsenosides are closely related to the stereoisomers caused by the configuration at C-20. Semi-synthesis of OT-type ginsenosides can facilitate our understanding of the biosynthesis, transformation and metabolism of OT-type ginsenosides in the body. This review will systematically summarize the research progress on naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic OT-type ginsenosides, which provides a theoretical basis for their bioactivity-guided research.
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Objective: Cimicifuga dahurica (Ranunculaceae) has many bioactivities. Although there have been intensive studies for saponin constituents at present, only a few studies have focused on for chemical constituents of phenolic acid. To define the phenolic acid constituents,C. dahurica was separated, and the structures of the compounds were identified,in the expectation of providing a basis for its further development,utilization and quality control. Method: A total of 16 kg rhizome of C. dahurica was extracted with 70%ethanol for three times by heating reflux. These 3 extracts were decompressed and concentrated,and then dissolved in water. Then the solvent was successively extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate(EtOAc) and n-butanol(BuOH). The components of EtOAc and water extract were isolated and purified by macroporous,silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,preparative HPLC and recrystallization,and the structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and physicochemical analysis etc. Result: Fifteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate and water fractions,and identified as cimicifugic G (1),2-caffeoyl piscidic acid (2),cimicifugic A (3),cimicifugic B (4),caffeic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),cimicifugic E (6),cimicifugic F (7),trans-ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8),carboxymethyl isoferulate (9),3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (10),ethyl ferulate (11),caffeic ester glucoside (12),shomaside A (13),isoferulic acid (14),caffeic acid (15). Conclusion: Compounds 1-7,9-10,13 were isolated from the plant for the first time.
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Objective To investigate the effect and its mechanism of targeted inhibition of the expression of chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the invasion and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Methods Forty-two nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2014 to December 2016 were collected.The expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues were detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z were divided into blank control group,negative control group and CX-CR4 transfection group.The cells in blank control group were not given any treatment;the cells in negative control group were transfected nonsense siRNA sequence;the cells in CXCR4 transfection group were transfected CXCR4 targeting siRNA sequence.The protein expression of CXCR4,matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2),MMP-9,β-catenin,Cyclin D1 were detected by Western bloting after 48 h of transfection.The proliferation and invasion ability of the cells were detected by cell counting kit and Transwell chamber.Results The expression of CXCR4 mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissues was 5.526 ±0.143,0.953 ±0.091 respectively;the expression of CXCR4 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissues was 0.522 ± 0.047,0.053 ± 0.011 respectively.The expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression of CXCR4,MMP-2,MMP-9,β-catenin,Cyclin D1 in cells,cell survival rate and the number of cell invasion in CXCR4 transfection group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and negative control group (P ＜ 0.05);however,there was no significant difference in above indexes between the blank control group and negative control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Inhibiting of CXCR4 gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells can significantly decrease the proliferation and invasion ability of cancer cells,and the mechanism may be related to down regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint thread embedding in preventing urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery.Method Fifty eligible patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 25 cases each. The control group was given catheterization after gynecological surgery; the treatment group was intervened by thread embedding at Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Yinlingquan (SP9), Guanyuan (CV4), and Shenshu (BL23) on the 7th day after the surgery in addition to the basic intervention given to the control group. The indwelling catheter was removed on the 14th day after the surgery, and the bladder function, urination, and residual urine volume were compared between the two groups.Result After the treatment, the bladder function in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05); the markedly effective rate of spontaneous micturition was 92.0% in the treatment group versus 72.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Early intervention with acupoint thread embedding after cervical cancer surgery can effectively decrease the incidence of post-surgery urinary retention, and it's easy-to-operation and worth application in clinic.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint thread embedding in preventing urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery.Method Fifty eligible patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 25 cases each. The control group was given catheterization after gynecological surgery; the treatment group was intervened by thread embedding at Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Yinlingquan (SP9), Guanyuan (CV4), and Shenshu (BL23) on the 7th day after the surgery in addition to the basic intervention given to the control group. The indwelling catheter was removed on the 14th day after the surgery, and the bladder function, urination, and residual urine volume were compared between the two groups.Result After the treatment, the bladder function in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05); the markedly effective rate of spontaneous micturition was 92.0% in the treatment group versus 72.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Early intervention with acupoint thread embedding after cervical cancer surgery can effectively decrease the incidence of post-surgery urinary retention, and it's easy-to-operation and worth application in clinic.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of postpartum depression (PPD) on adolescent depression of mice offspring.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 48 Balb/c female mice were equally randomized into control group and stress group. Control group was not given any stress, whereas stress group were given chronic stress: constraining (6 h/d) combined with light stimulation for 24 hours (twice a week). The stress group was divided into 3 groups to measue the animals' behaviors immediately after modeling, three weeks after modeling, and three weeks after delivery to test whether the PPD models were successfully constructed. The first generation (F1) of normal mothers and PPD-born F1 were as follows: control group (CTL-F1) and PPD offspring group (PPD-F1). The 3-4-week-old male CTL-F1 and PPD-F1 mice (n=8 each) were weighed, and received sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and novelty-supressed feeding test to measure the depression-like behaviors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3-and 4-week-old PPD-F1 had significantly lower body mass than CTL-F1 (P=0.000, P=0.002). Also, the sucrose preference significantly decreased (P=0.000), the forced swimming immobility time significantly increased (P=0.001), the latency to feed significantly increased (P=0.000), while food intake significantly decreased (P=0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PPD offspring may be more susceptible to depression,with a possible eary onset in adolescence.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Pregnancy , Depression , Depression, Postpartum , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Risk Factors , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Aim To observe the rapid antidepressant effect of Yuejuganmaidazao Decoction on postpatum de-pression offspring , and analyze its influence on the Akt and mTOR expression .Methods After postpartum de-pression model was established , the offsprings were randomly divided into the following groups: control group(CTL-F1,n =8), vehicle group (Veh,n =8) and YG group ( YG, n =8 ) .Veh group was treated with vehicle , YG group was treated with Yueju gan-maidazao Decoction(8.3 g· kg -1 ).Forced swimming test(FST) was measured 24 hours after single adminis-tration.The phosphorylation and total level of Akt and m-TOR in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot.Results The immobility time in YG group was significantly shorter than that in Veh group ( P <0.01 ) , and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR in the hippocampus was significantly increased ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Yuejuganmaidazao Decoction may rapidly alleviate depression-like behaviors of PPD offsprings through upregulation of Akt and mTOR ex-pression .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevention of hepatolithiasis and biliary stricture post choledochojejunostomy using choledochoscopy technique and evaluate feasibility and efficacy of choledochojejunostomy and artificial valve of efferent loop in preventing reflux.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To analyze the data of 47 patients with hepatolithiasis who had been operated with Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomy and artificial valve of efferent loop to prevent bilio-intestinal regurgitation. Of the patients, 19 were marked with silver nip at the jejunum export of bilio-intestinal anastomosis. The regurgitation, recurrence, anastomotic stricture and their managements after the surgery were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bilio-intestinal regurgitation were found in 32 cases (32/47, 68.1%), it suggested that artificial valve could not prevent bilio-intestinal regurgitation efficiently. Two cases of hepatolithiasis recurred and were cured by sinus tract placement with the aid of silver nip mark under choledochoscope instead of re-operation. Of the 6 cases with anastomotic stricture, 5 cases were treated successfully with stone extraction, biliary stent dilatation under the percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) and the other one case died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Silver nip mark provides safe and simple path for the cholangioscopy, it made the treatment of the recurrent biliary stricture and stone safe and brief, made the cholangioscopy play more important role in the hepatolithiasis, residual stone and biliary stricture. PTCS is mini-invasive, safe, simple and effective.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic , Cholelithiasis , General Surgery , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic , General Surgery , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Methods , Follow-Up Studies , Postoperative Complications , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Secondary Prevention , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective: To study the long-term (iv for 30 days) toxic effect of recombinant batroxobin (rBAT) on Macaca mulatta. Methods: Twenty-four Macaca mulatta (12 male and 12 female) were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their body weights (n=6): rBAT treatment groups (1.5, 5.0, 15.0 kU/kg of rBAT once daily for 30 consecutive days through iv injection) and acetate buffer treatment group (as control). Half of the animals in each group were sacrificed at the end of medication and the rest were sacrificed after another 15 days' recovery. The general symptoms, the hematological, chemical parameters, urinalysis values, ECG results, bone marrow findings, pathologic changes and the antibody detection were observed or performed in all groups. Results: On d15 and d30, the blood samples of each group were collected at 30 min and 24 h after iv injection. Compared with control group or with d0 data of each corresponding group, the fibrinogen (Fib) was significantly decreased 30 min after iv injection of rBAT, and the decrease was in a dose-dependent manner. Fib returned to the normal level 24 h after iv injection. Histopathological examination showed congestion and slight edema of liver and kidney cells in each group, probably due to latent infection of the animals. On d30, there was local inflammatory reaction in the injection sites of some animals in each group, but none was found on d45. Non-neutralizing antibodies to rBAT were continuously detected from d15 to d45. Conclusion: rBAT has pharma cological and toxicological effects on hematology system of Macaca mulatta. It can dose-dependently decrease Fib. The target organ of rBAT is the hematology system and the effect of rBAT is reversible. The safety dose of rBAT for Macaca mulatta is 1.5 kU/ kg. Attention should be given when rBAT is used clinically.
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In our previous work we reported that HIV Tat and 6 cysteine rich peptides of Tat induce tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) in human monocytes (Yang et al., 2003). Here our results showed that HIV Tat and Tat cysteine rich peptide increase CCR5 expression in human monocytes, and this activity is inhibited by rabbit anti-Tat. Boiled Tat does not increase CCR5 expression in monocytes. These results provide insight into a new mechanism by which HIV Tat plays a key role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Cells, Cultured , Cysteine , Chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Extracellular Fluid , Chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation , Physiology , Gene Products, tat , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Molecular Sequence Data , Monocytes , Metabolism , Peptides , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Ar(+) laser on human vas deferens and to compare the effects of using different radiation levels with varying thickness of tissue and varying levels of injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After initial tests on animals, four human scrotums were opened and treated directly with Ar(+) laser radiation. Then 58 human individual scrotums were treated with radiation by the method of trans-skin puncture. The rate of sperm reduction and elimination was tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 60 cases, the sperms were found to be eliminated completely after six months of radiation treatment. In 2 cases the sperms were found not to be eliminated completely due to the insufficient radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ar(+) laser is one of the best forms of radiation for coagulation of vas deferens. It can be used to coagulate vas deferens without any complications or sequelae.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Follow-Up Studies , Laser Coagulation , Sterilization, Reproductive , Methods , Vas Deferens , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on macrophages expressing TNF-alpha related apoptosis induced-ligand (TRAIL) and its relation to apoptosis of HepG2 cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Membrane-bound TRAIL (mTRAIL) was measured by flow cytometry; soluble TRAIL in supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent sandwich assay (ELISA); cytotoxicity of TRAIL to HepG2 cell line was measured by chromium release assay, and apoptosis of HepG2 cell was confirmed by Annexin V staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LPS only slightly increased membrane-bound TRAIL expression of macrophages. On the other hand, soluble TRAIL in the supernatant was increased with LPS stimulation, and the optimal concentration of LPS was 100 ng/ml (sTRAIL value 67.40 ng/ml+/-5.08 ng/ml). The soluble TRAIL in the supernatant was cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, and this activity can be blocked by TRAIL neutralizing antibodies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPS increases the expression of soluble TRAIL in macrophages, and soluble TRAIL is toxic to HepG2 cells. All of our results indicate that TRAIL may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Lipopolysaccharides , Pharmacology , Liver Neoplasms , Pathology , Macrophages , Metabolism , TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand , Genetics , Pharmacology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of HIV Tat protein on CCR5 expression of monocytes and HIV infection in monocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Membrane expression of CCR5 on monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. Stimulated with HIV Tat protein, monocytes were infected with monocyte-tropic HIV(Ba-L) and HIV gag p24 level in the supernatant was measured by ELISA methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HIV Tat protein increased CCR5 expression in human monocytes,which was inhibited by rabbit anti-Tat polyclonal antibody. Tat protein also increased p24 level after monocyte-tropic HIV-1(Ba-L) infected monocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tat increases CCR5 expression and HIV-1 infection in monocytes, which indicates that HIV Tat might be a key protein in HIV-1 infection.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Flow Cytometry , Gene Products, tat , Pharmacology , HIV , HIV Infections , Metabolism , Monocytes , Metabolism , Receptors, CCR5 , Genetics , tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the significance of detecting chimeric mRNA resulting from t(X;17)(p11.2;q25) in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 8 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma and 15 cases of controls (including 6 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, 6 renal cell carcinomas, 2 paragangliomas and 1 granular cell myoblastoma) were retrieved from the archival materials. ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcripts were analyzed in all samples by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The quality of the mRNA was assessed using the house-keeping gene beta-actin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcripts were detected in 6 of the 8 ASPS cases (4 being type 2 and 2 being type 1). The remaining 2 cases were negative for both beta-actin and ASPL-TFE3. No ASPL-TFE3 mRNA expression was detected in all the controls. PAX3/7-FKHR fusion transcripts were also detected in 4 of the 6 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues can serve as an useful molecular marker in the diagnosis of ASPS. It may also be helpful in elucidating the underlying pathogenesis of ASPS in subsequent retrospective studies.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human, X , Leg , Neoplasm Proteins , Genetics , Oncogene Fusion , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion , Genetics , Orbit , Paraffin Embedding , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the COL1A1/PDGFB fusion transcripts and discuss its clinicopathological significance in dermatofibroscoma protuberans.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 12 patients with DFSP were reviewed by light microscope and the expression of COL1A1/PDGFB mRNA resulting from the reciprocal translocation t(17;22) (q22;q13.1) was detected by one-step revers transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The following tumor specimens were included as controls: 2 fibrosarcoma, 2 malignant fibrous histocytoma, 3 leiomyosarcoma, 1 dermarofibroma and 1 nerve shealth tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The COL1A1/PDGFB fusion transcripts were detected in 8 (67%) of 12 samples from patients with DFSP. Nucleotide sequence analysis using the PCR products confirmed that different regions of the COL1A1 gene, respectively, were fused with of PDGFB gene. No COL1A1/PDGFB fusion transcripts were detected in the control tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of specific COL1A1/PDGFB fusion transcripts in DFSP will help to diagnose the nature of DFSP and research the mechanism of its molecular histogenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Collagen Type I , Genetics , Dermatofibrosarcoma , Genetics , Genes, sis , Paraffin Embedding , RNA, Messenger , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Skin Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect over-expression of AChR-gamma mRNA in rhabdomyosarcoma tissues by duplex RT-PCR and discuss its potential in diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Duplex RT-PCR was applied to the simultaneous detection of AChR-alpha and gamma subunit messenger RNA in 17 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (9 ERMS, 6 ARMS, 2 PRMS). 20 cases of non-rhabdomyosarcomous small round cell tumors (6 poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas, 6 ES/PNET, 6 lymphomas, 2 neuroblastomas) and three normal muscle samples were also detected for AChR-alpha and gamma mRNA by the same method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AChR-alpha and AChR-gamma mRNA were expressed in all the cases of rhabdomyosarcoma. The rate of quantity in both transcripts was AChR-gamma/AChR-alpha >or= 1, but the rate for three normal muscle samples was < 1. Cases of non-rhabdomyosarcomous small round cell tumors were all negative for AChR-gamma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AChR-gamma mRNA expression detected by molecular genetic methods is useful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnosis, Differential , Protein Subunits , RNA, Messenger , Receptors, Cholinergic , Genetics , Receptors, Nicotinic , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rhabdomyosarcoma , DiagnosisABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to explore the development of IgG and IgM against SARS CoV and characteristics of changes of antibody titers in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to search the opportunity for collecting specific anti-serum from convalescent patients with SARS. The anti-SARS-coronavirus specific antibody levels in 156 SARS patients were measured with ELISA. The results showed that the total positive rates of IgG and IgM were 75.6% and 41.7% respectively, and the negative rate of both IgG and IgM was 23.7%. The average titers of IgG and IgM antibody in positive samples were 18.23 +/- 24.72 and 2.18 +/- 1.13, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the titers of IgG/IgM and sex, age, course of diseases and duration of body temperature recovery. It was concluded that not all SARS patients could produce the anti-SARS-coronavirus specific antibody. The titers of the anti-body are diversified even if the antibodies have been emerged in them. In order to obtain effective anti-serum, the titers of antibody must be tested just before collection of convalescent serum, and it ensures the therapeutic effect and provides a measurable index for clinical transfusion.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Viral , Blood , Immunoglobulin G , Blood , Immunoglobulin M , Blood , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Allergy and Immunology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to explore the possible effects of leukocyte elimination by filteration before storage on the quality of red blood cell concentrations (RCC) that prepared through two procedures. Eight units of red blood cell concentrations derived from whole blood after plasma separated (RCC1) and eight units of red blood cell concentrations derived from whole blood after platelet-rich plasma separated (RCC2) were divided randomly into filtered group and control group respectively. The RCC of filtered group were filtered by leukocyte deplete filter before storage. The control group didn't have any other treatments. These two groups were stored for five weeks at 4 degrees C according to AABB standard. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and plasma concentration of K(+) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), free hemoglobin (FHb), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of red blood cell of all RCC were evaluated weekly, and bacteria contamination of all RCC was also detected after five weeks of storage. The results showed that there was no difference of MCV, MCH and MCHC and ATP level of red blood cell in all RCC of two groups, the ATP of red blood cell was lower than the control group on week 4 and 5. The average concentration of K(+) of the filtered group was less than the control group. The differences are significant except that of RCC1 stored till the third week. The plasma LDH concentration of filtered group was less than the control group, and the differences were exacerbate during the storing time prolonged. FHb release in the filtered group of RCC2 was significant less than that of control, but no significant difference was found between the two groups of RCC1. It was concluded that leukocyte elimination by filter before storage could be benefit to RCC preservation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenosine Triphosphate , Metabolism , Blood Component Removal , Blood Preservation , Erythrocytes , Physiology , Filtration , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Blood , Leukocytes , Potassium , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of the rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel, so as to find new active compounds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ethanol extracts of the rhizome of Anemone raddeana were obtained by silica column, HPLC. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of physico-chemical method and spectral analysis (IR, FAB-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 27-hydroxyolean-12(13)-en-28-oic acid-3-0-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1), eleutheroside K (2), Oleanolic acid-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (3), betulin (4), betulic acid (5), acetyloleamolic acid (6), evonymitol (7), oleamolic acid (8) and diosgenin (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound, named raddeanoside 12. Compounds 3-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>