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This paper analyzed the clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of 4 asymptomatic patients with ureteral calculi without hydrops in our hospital from October 2018 to January 2019, and comprehensively discussed the previous literature. The 4 patients in this group had no obvious clinical symptoms, no positive stones were found in the B-ultrasound of the urinary system, and no hydroureter and hydroureter of the affected side was found. Urinary CT scan confirmed ureteral stones. They were all located in the lower ureter, and the stones obstructed the lumen. The stones were round and smooth, and there was no obvious hyperplasia and edema in the surrounding mucosa. The lithotripsy was completed in the first-stage operation, and the DJ catheter was left behind for one month after the operation. Based on the clinical diagnosis and treatment process of the 4 cases of asymptomatic calculi in this group and the analysis of previous studies, these patients were mostly detected by imaging examinations or other systematic imaging examinations during the regular review of urinary calculi. Ureteral stones with obstruction did not necessarily have stone-related symptoms. The onset of renal colic involved an increase in intraluminal pressure, related stimulation of nerve endings, smooth muscle spasms caused by stretching of the ureteral wall, and systemic changes in cytokines and related hormones. Cascade reactions, etc., were associated with the movement of stones down. Ureteral stones without hydrops were mostly located in the lower ureter, which had a certain buffering effect on obstructive pressure. Asymptomatic ureteral calculi could also induce irreversible damage to renal function, and the proportion of damage increased with the diameter of the stone. Patients with a history of urinary calculi, especially those with asymptomatic stones for the first time, should be paid attention to during clinical follow-up. At present, there are few research reports on asymptomatic and non-accumulating ureteral calculi. We analyze the clinical diagnosis and treatment process and characteristics of this group of patients combined with previous literature to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.
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Humans , Ureteral Calculi/therapy , Urinary Calculi/therapy , Ureter , Lithotripsy/methods , Edema/therapy , Kidney Calculi/therapyABSTRACT
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that form closed rings in structure. They contain a high content in eukaryotic transcripts, and are characterized by richness, stability, high conservatism and tissue specificity. In recent years, it has been gradually revealed that circRNA can bind to some miRNAs or proteins and participate in the regulatory mechanisms of biogenesis and molecular functions, including the regulation of miRNAs molecular sponge, protein translation, gene transcription and RNA splicing. With the application of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, circRNA has gradually become a new research hotspot in the field of non-coding RNA due to its special properties. The latest research evidence shows that circRNA plays a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and is inextricably linked with cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, indicating that targeting circRNA will be attractive treatment strategies and potential biomarkers. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanism of circRNA were briefly described, the mechanism of action and regulation of circRNAs in human tumors were summarized, and the strategies and development prospects of circRNA in tumor research were further discussed. In sum, circRNA plays an important role in early diagnosis, precise treatment and prognosis prediction of tumors.
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Bladder cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Its incidence is high in western countries and has shown an increasing trend in China. While radical cystectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the standard treatment for bladder cancer,the optimal range of PLND remains controversial. In addition,the prognostic value of lymph node factors is also unclear. This article reviews research advances in PLND.
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Humans , China , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes , Pelvis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a glycohormone widely used in treatment of infertility, is a heterodimer composed of an alpha-and a beta-subunit. The heterodimer could be dissociated during production and storage with an impact on its bioactivity. A CE-SDS method for quantitative analysis of hCG subunit dissociation was established in this study by optimization of a variety of method conditions including sample preparation buffer compositions, incubation temperature, separation voltage, and capillary temperature. This method was validated for good sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy for both α-and β-subunit. CE-SDS also showed much better precision and accuracy than SDS-PAGE. The method was successfully used in both recombinant hCG (r-hCG) produced by cell culture and hCG (u-hCG) derived from urine. The CE-SDS method was used in the study of hCG development and stability. Therefore, it is an useful tool for the quality control of hCG.
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Objective Through analyzing the literatures about acupuncture-moxibustion in releasing chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomit,to understand its current situation and progress,preparing for further studies in the future.Method Four databanks were retrieved.Two researchers independently skimmed the titles and abstracts for filtering the collected data,and then carefully read through the full texts for further selection.Snowball retrieval of the references in each recruited article completed the whole literature search.Result A total of 407 manuscripts were collected by retrieving databanks,but 80 were excluded due to ineligible designs or intervention protocols.Finally,76 articles were included.Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion is effective in preventing and treating nausea and vomit induced by chemotherapy.Future studies should rigorously follow the randomized controlled trials design and adopt precise efficacy evaluations,to provide foundation for subsequent evidence-based studies.
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AIM To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Psidum littorale Raddi.METHODS The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of 90％ ethanol extract from P.littorale were isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20,D-101 macroporous resin and preparative HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as lupeol (1),betulin (2),nigaichigoside F1 (3),2oα-hydroxybetulinic acid (4),(-)-episyringaresinol (5),(+)-syringaresinol (6),(+)-isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-glucopyranoside (7),(7S,8R)-urolignoside (8),benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (9),butanedioic acid (10),β-sitosterol (11),daucosterol (12).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9 are isolated from genus Psidium for the first time.
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Objective To observe the effects of constant light exposure on the obesity in high fat diet rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:rats on a normal chow exposed to standard light-dark cycle ( group A) , rats on a normal chow exposed to constant light ( group B) , rats on a high fat diet exposed to standard light-dark cycle ( group C) , and rats on a high fat diet exposed to constant light ( group D) . Body weights and food intakes were recorded weekly throughout the 12-week study. Body weight, fat mass, visceral adipose tissue weight, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test ( IPGTT) results, insulin resistance parameters, serum lipids and levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were compared among groups. Epididymal adipose tissues mRNA expression of circadian clock genes, i. e. clock, bmal1, rorα, rev-erbα, cry1, per1, and per2 were analyzed by realtime PCR. Results From the 9th week, body weights of rats in group D were significantly higher than those in group C (all P<0. 05). At the 12th week, area under curve of IPGTT (AUC-IPGTT) in groups B, C, and D were significantly higher than that in group A. AUC-IPGTT in group D was significantly higher than that in group C (all P<0.05). Compared with group C,asignificant increase in fat mass,visceral adipose tissue weight,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, serum cholesterol, TNF-α levels were observed in group D ( all P<0. 05). And a significant decrease in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ( QUICKI) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were observed in group D in comparison with group C (both P<0. 05). Circadian clock genes (clock, rorα, rev-erbα, cry1, per1) mRNA expressions in group B and D were significantly different from those in group A (all P<0. 05) . Expression of cry1 in group D was significantly higher than that in group C. In group C, rev-erbαmRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in comparison with group A (P<0. 05). Conclusion Constant light exposure exaggerates obesity, glycolipid metabolism abnormality, inflammation, and insulin resistance in high fat diet rats.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>There has been no a specific scale to measure quality of life (QOL) for prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to date. This study aimed to develop and initially validate the scale to evaluate QOL for prostate cancer patients receiving ADT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The scale was developed following international recommendations. Moreover, the items were all generated through literature review and referenced questionnaires. After being reviewed by expert panelists, the revised scale was formed and then completed by a convenience sample of 200 prostate cancer patients from our hospital. Explore factor analysis (EFA) was applied to test the construct validity, then split-half reliability, Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability were applied to assess the reliability and stability of the scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The revised scale contained 22 items and a total of 200 participants had completed the scale. One hundred participants were randomly selected from the total 200 participants to perform EFA with varimax rotation on the revised scale, and "hot flashes" item was deleted for low factor loading. We selected only 3 items from each factor, then, the final scale was formed with 18-items. We selected another 100 participants to perform the EFA again on the final scale. It was demonstrated that the structure with 6 factors explained 72.5% of total variance and factor loading value was above 0.40 in all items of the factors. Moreover, the split-half reliability coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability coefficient were calculated to be 0.74, 0.63, and 0.89, respectively, exhibiting good reliability on the whole.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The scale was identified to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure QOL for prostate cancer patients receiving ADT. Moreover, further research is needed to overcome the potential drawbacks.</p>
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CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing member/chemokine-like factor super family member (CKLFSF/CMTM) is a novel tumor suppressor gene. CMTM3 is broadly expressed in normal human tissues and evolutionary conserved,especially in testis,spleen,and some cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However,its expression is undetectable or down-regulated in most carcinoma cell lines and tissues. Restoration of CMTM3 may inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of carcinoma cells. Although the exact mechanism of its anti-tumor activity remains unclear,CKLFSF3/CMTM3 is closely connected with immune system and associated with sex during tumorigenesis. The study advances of CKLFSF3/CMTM3 are elaborated in this review as CMTM3 may be a new target in the gene therapies for tumors,especially genitourinary tumors,while further studies on CMTM3 and its anti-tumor mechanisms are warranted.
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Humans , Male , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Chemokines , Genetics , Physiology , Down-Regulation , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins , Genetics , Physiology , Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We investigated whether recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) could promote the development of preinvasive and invasive breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV-erbB2) mice with estrogen receptor-positive tumors. METHODS: MMTV-erbB2 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups with 20 mice in each group. MMTV-erbB2 mice were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of vehicle or rhG-CSF (low-rhG-CSF group, rhG-CSF 0.125 microg; vehicle-rhG-CSF group, normal saline 0.25 microg; and high-rhG-CSF group, rhG-CSF 0.25 microg) at 3 months of age. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of G-CSF action in mammary glands were investigated via immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Low, but not high, rhG-CSF doses significantly accelerated mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-erbB2 mice. Short-term treatment with rhG-CSF could significantly promote the development of preinvasive mammary lesions. The cancer prevention effect was associated with reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cluster of differentiation 34, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in mammary glands by >80%. CONCLUSION: We found that G-CSF was regulated by rhG-CSF both in vitro and in vivo. Identification of G-CSF genes helped us further understand the mechanism by which G-CSF promotes cancer. Low doses of rhG-CSF could significantly increase tumor latency and increase tumor multiplicity and burden. Moreover, rhG-CSF effectively promotes development of both malignant and premalignant mammary lesions in MMTV-erbB2 mice.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Breast Neoplasms , Carcinogenesis , Cell Proliferation , Estrogens , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Immunohistochemistry , Injections, Subcutaneous , Mammary Glands, Human , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Reverse Transcription , TransducersABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the optimal primer ratio and concentration of asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (A-PCR) in producing hepatitis B virus (HBV) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for pyrosequencing. Methods: A-PCR was carried out to generate HBV ssDNA with forward to reverse primers of different ratios (50:1, 100:1) and concentrations (13.0 pmol/25μL and 0.14 pmol/25μL, 19.5 pmol/25μL and 0.21 pmol/25μL), and the product yield and quality were compared respectively. Results: The forward to reverse primer ratio of 50:1 provided better yield and concentration of 19.5 pmol/25μL and 0.21 pmol//25μL generated a clearer band. Conclusion: A simple and feasible method to produce HBV ssDNA for pyrosequencing in batch is established.