Analysis of the pollution status of paralytic shellfish poisons in shellfish sold in Hainan Province, 2018-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the pollution of paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) in shellfish sold in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2021. Methods　From 2018 to 2021, the content of 10 paralytic shellfish poisons including saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 1 (GTX1), gonyautoxins 2 (GTX2), gonyautoxins 3 (GTX3), gonyautoxins 4 (GTX4), gonyautoxins 5 (GTX5), decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), decarbamoylgonyau toxins 2 (dcGTX2) and decarbamoylgonyau toxins 3 (dcGTX3) in 7 kinds of shellfish commonly sold in 13 cities and counties in Hainan province was analyzed. Results　The detection rate of PSP in 360 shellfish samples was 10.3%. Among them, the highest detection rate of STX was 5.83%, followed by GTX2 detection rate of 4.17%; the detection rate of neoSTX and GTX3 were both 1.67%; the detection rate of GTX1 was 1.39%. None of the five PSP, GTX4, GTX5, dcSTX, dcGTX2 and dcGTX3, were detected. Four types of PSP were detected in fanscallops, two were detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata, only one was detected in scallops, and no toxin contamination was detected in clams and razor clams. A single sample of fanscallops detected a maximum of 4 PSP, and a single sample of oysters, scallops, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata detected a maximum of 1 PSP. The equivalence of PSP in all samples was ND-155.6 μg/kg.The annual detection rate of PSP from high to low was: 20.0% in 2020, 15.6% in 2019, 5.3% in 2018, and 2.0% in 2021, and none of the samples tested exceeded the standard. Continuously detectable STX in 2018-2020, all PSP that could be detected in 2018 were STX. In 2019, in addition to STX detected in scallops and Scapharca subcrenata, neoSTX was also detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata. In 2020, PSP was only detected from scallops, and GTX2 could be detected in all positive specimens, while 5 STX, 5 GTX1 and 6 GTX3 were detected. Only GTX2 detected from scallops in 2021. STX was detected in shellfish sold in 12 cities and counties, GTX2 can be detected in 10 cities and counties, neoSTX can be detected in 5 cities and counties, GTX1 and GTX2 were detected in 4 cities and counties respectively. Shellfish sold in Wenchang and Lingshui markets can detect 5 types of PSP. Conclusion　Some types of shellfish on the market in Hainan are contaminated with some kind of PSP pollution risks, and it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of PSP in marketed shellfish.

Biosafety risks and mitigation strategies for mosquito infection in Arthropod Containment Level-2 laboratory / 中国热带医学

@#Arthropods of medical importance such as mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies are one of the key drivers of arthropod-borne diseases outbreak, posing a great threat to global public health security. For further understanding the transmission mechanisms of arthropod-borne diseases and establishing the prevention and control measures, a series of experiments of arthropods infection need to be carried out under laboratory conditions. Besides the regular biosafety requirements, some specific considerations need to be taken into account when performing arthropod infection and the infected arthropod rearing. Except for the physical containment composed of biosafety facilities, a comprehensive assessment of the biosafety risks during operations and corresponding preventive measures are also critical to eliminate or mitigate the biosafety risks. In this paper, we introduce our practice in handling mosquito infection with Risk Group 2 pathogens in Arthropod Containment Level-2 (ACL-2) laboratory, with an aim to provide a reference for researchers in related fields.

Analysis of dyslipidemia management status in atrial fibrillation patients with very high and high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To analyze the status of statins use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) management in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and very high/high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) from Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry (CAFR). Methods: A total of 9 119 patients with AF were recruited in CAFR between January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, patients at very high and high risk of ASCVD were included in this study. Demographics, medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, and laboratory test results were collected. In patients with very high-risk, a threshold of 1.8 mmol/L was used as LDL-C management target and in patients with high risk, a threshold of 2.6 mmol/L was used as LDL-C management target. Statins use and LDL-C compliance rate were analyzed, multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of statins use. Results: 3 833 patients were selected (1 912 (21.0%) in very high risk of ASCVD group and 1 921 (21.1%) in high risk of ASCVD group). The proportion of patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD taking statins was 60.2% (1 151/1 912) and 38.6% (741/1 921), respectively. Attainment rate of LDL-C management target in patients with very high and high risk were 26.7% (511/1 912) and 36.4% (700/1 921), respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of statins use and attainment rate of LDL-C management target are low in AF patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD in this cohort. The comprehensive management in AF patients should be further strengthened, especially the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in AF patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD.

Chemical constituents from whole herb of Hedyotis scandens / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents in the water extract of the whole herb of Hedyotis scandens by silica gel, ODS, and MCI column chromatographies together with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The structures of isolated constituents were identified by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, etc. Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as methyl 4-benzoyloxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetate(1), 4-benzoyloxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid(2), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid(3), salicylic acid(4), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine(5), syringic acid(6), hydroxycinnamic acid(7),(R)-6-methyl-4,6-bis(4-methylpent-3-enyl)cyclohexa-1,3-dienecarbaldehyde(8), 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol(9), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde(10), isoscopoletin(11), syringaresinol(12), and pinoresinol(13). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new phenolic acid compounds, compounds 3-5, 8-11, and 13 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compounds 6, 7, and 12 were obtained from H. scandens for the first time. The activity test showed that compounds 1 and 10 had a certain inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium smegmatis, with MIC_(50) values of 58.5 and 33.3 μg·mL~(-1), respectively.

Secondary metabolites of endophyte fungi Xylaria sp. from Coptis chinensis / 中国中药杂志

Two new polyketides, lasobutone A(1) and lasobutone B(2), along with three known compounds, guignardianone C(3), guignardic acid(4), and 4-hydroxy-17R-methylincisterol(5), were isolated from the endophytic fungi Xylaria sp. by silica gel, MCI, and preparative HPLC, which was separated from the Chinese medicinal material Coptis chinensis and cultivated through solid fermentation with rice. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as MS, NMR, IR, UV, and ECD. Compounds 2 and 4 showed inhibitory activities against the nitric oxide(NO) production in the LPS-induced macrophage RAW264.7 with IC_(50) values of 58.7 and 42.5 μmol·L~(-1) respectively, while compound 5 exhibited cytotoxic activities against HT-29 with IC_(50) value of 14.3 μmol·L~(-1).

Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Sex-Differential Associations with Lipid Profiles in Chinese Han Adults / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor gene ( VDR) with circulating lipids considering gender differences.@*METHODS@#Of the Han Chinese adults recruited from a health examination center for inclusion in the study, the circulating lipids, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and other parameters were measured. The VDR SNPs of Cdx2 (rs11568820), Fok1 (rs2228570), Apa1 (rs7975232), and Taq1 (rs731236) were genotyped with a qPCR test using blood DNA samples, and their associations with lipids were analyzed using logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#In the female participants ( n = 236 with dyslipidemia and 888 without dyslipidemia), multiple genotype models of Fok1 indicated a positive correlation of B (not A) alleles with LDLC level ( P < 0.05). In the male participants ( n = 299 with dyslipidemia and 564 without dyslipidemia), the recessive model of Cdx2 and the additive and recessive models of Fok1 differed ( P < 0.05) between the HDLC-classified subgroups, respectively, and Fok1 BB and Cdx2 TT presented interactions with 25OHD in the negative associations with HDLC ( P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In the Chinese Han adults included in the study, the Fok1 B-allele of VDR was associated with higher LDLC in females, and the Fok1 B-allele and the Cdx2 T-allele of VDR were associated with lower HDLC in males. The interaction of VD and Fok1 BB or Cdx2 TT in males synergistically decreased HDLC levels.

A new polyketide of endophytic fungi Aspergillus sp. ZJ-58 from Coptis chinensis / 中国中药杂志

A new polyketide, coptaspin A(1), along with two known compounds 4-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylisocoumarin(2), and cytochalasin Z_(12)(3), was isolated from the endophytic fungi Aspergillus sp. ZJ-58, which was isolated from the genuine medicinal plant Coptis chinensis in Chongqing after solid-state fermentation on rice and silica gel, MCI, and HPLC-based separation. Their structures were elucidated by MS, NMR, IR, UV, and ECD. The newly isolated compound 1 showed moderate inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages with the IC_(50) value of 58.7 μmol·L~(-1), suggesting its potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Causes of death and influencing factors of atrial fibrillation patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the causes of death and predictors in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing anticoagulation therapy. Methods: Consecutive anticoagulated nonvalvular AF patients were recruited from the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF) Study from August 2011 to December 2018. After exclusion of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, or loss of follow-up within 1 year, 2 248 patients were included in this analysis. Enrolled patients were followed up were followed up for 3 and 6 months, and then every 6 months. The primary endpoint was death, including cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death and undetermined death. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the survival status after follow-up. Clinical information such as age and sex was collected. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify associated risk factors for all-cause mortality, and Fine-Gray competing risk model was used to identify associated risk factors for cardiovascular mortality. Results: A total of 2 248 patients with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulant therapy died over a mean follow-up of (42±24) months, mean age was (67±10) years old and 41.1% (923/2 248) patients were female. The mortality rate was 2.8 deaths per 100 patient-years. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular deaths, accounted for 55.0% (120/218). Worsening heart failure was the most common cause of cardiovascular deaths (18.3% (40/218)), followed by bleeding events (12.9% (28/218)) and ischemic stroke (8.7% (19/218)). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age (HR = 1.05, 95%CI 1.04-1.07, P<0.001), anemia (HR = 1.81, 95%CI 1.02-3.18, P = 0.041), heart failure (HR=2.40, 95%CI 1.75-3.30, P<0.001), ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA)(HR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.21-2.13, P = 0.001) and myocardial infarction (HR = 2.93, 95%CI 1.79-4.81, P<0.001) were independently associated with all-cause death. Fine-Gray competing risk model showed that age (HR=1.05, 95%CI 1.02-1.08, P<0.001), heart failure (HR=2.81, 95%CI 1.79-4.39, P<0.001), ischemic stroke/TIA (HR=1.50, 95%CI 1.02-2.22, P=0.041) and myocardial infarction (HR=3.31, 95%CI 1.72-6.37, P<0.001) were independently associated with cardiovascular death. Conclusions: In anticoagulated nonvalvular AF patients, ischemic stroke represents only a small subset of deaths, whereas worsening heart failure is the most common cause of cardiovascular deaths. Heart failure, ischemic stroke/TIA, and myocardial infarction are associated with increased mortality.

Investigating Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction for Treatment of COVID-19 Based on Integrative Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Potential targets and pathways of Qingfei Paidu decoction（QFPD）for treating coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19） were analyzed based on the integrative pharmacology，the efficacy and material basis was predicted.This study provide a reference for the development and clinical application of QFPD. Method:Based on the integrative pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine（TCMIP V2.0），the key targets and pathways of the intervention of QFPD on COVID-19 were enriched，the interaction network of "formula-herb-disease-targets-pathways" was constructed to explored the molecular mechanism of QFPD for the treatment of COVID-19. Result:The research results show that key-targets such as cell tumor antigen p53（tp53），protein kinase B1（Akt1），Nuclear factor nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）p105 subunit（NFKB1），nuclear factor p65 subunit（RELA），human NF-κB inhibited protein α（NFKBIA），ect.Closely associated with lung damage.The pathways such as interleukin signaling，adrenoceptors，7 members of the family of c-type lectin domains A（CLEC7A）/inflammasome pathway，phosphoinositide-3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）inflammatory signaling pathway，tp53 regulates transcription of DNA repair ect. may be the key pathways related with QFPD's effect on the treatment of COVID-19 accompany with lung injury， fever， cough and other symptoms.The results show that QFPD has many clinical effects， such as anti-inflammatory， anti-virus， strengthening immunity， inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis， protecting heart and lungs， treating asthma， regulating gastrointestinal tract， etc.In addition， there is a good synergism between the original prescription and the combined prescription， and each original prescription has its own emphasiscan prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion:QFPD plays a role in balancing immunity and eliminating inflammation，and it can treat COVID-19 by multi-pathway，multi-channel，multi-target and multi-link.This study also provides a new idea for the research of prevention and treatment of modern infectious diseases by use the traditional Chinese medicine.

Biotransformation and enzymatic mechanism of protoberberine alkaloids / 中国中药杂志

Protoberberine alkaloids belong to the quaternary ammonium isoquinoline alkaloids, and are the main active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, like Coptis chinensis. They have been widely used to treat such diseases as gastroenteritis, intestinal infections, and conjunctivitis. Studies have shown that structural modification of the protoberberine alkaloids could produce derivative compounds with new pharmacological effects and biological activities, but the transformation mechanism is not clear yet. This article mainly summarizes the researches on the biotransformation and structure modification of protoberberine alkaloids mainly based on berberine, so as to provide background basis and new ideas for studies relating to the mechanism of protoberberine alkaloids and the pharmacological activity and application of new compounds.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of major cholic acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis / 中国中药杂志

This study is to establish a qualitative method for rapid identification of bile acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology,and an HPLC-ELSD internal standard method for the quantitative determination of two glycine-conjugated BAs in Suis Fellis Pulvis.The chromatographic separation of the UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS qualitative analysis was achieved on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T_3column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),with 0.2%formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B)as mobile phase ingradient elution.Electrospray ionization(ESI)source was applied and operated in negative ion mode.Quantitative analysis was performed at 30℃on a Diamonsil-C_(18)column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm).The mobile phase consisted of 0.2%formic acid solution and acetonitrile with gradient elution and the flow rate was 1.0 m L·min~(-1).An ELSD was used with a nitrogen flow-rate of1.4 L·min~(-1)at a drift tube temperature of 60℃and the gain was 1.A total of 14 bile acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis were characterized based on the accurate mass measurements,fragmentation patterns,chromatographic retention times,and reference materials.For the quantitative analysis method,the glycohyodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid had good linear relationship in the range of26.52-265.20 mg·L~(-1)(r=0.999 8)and 19.84-198.40 mg·L~(-1)(r=0.999 1),respectively.The average recoveries(n=6)were104.1%and 103.1%,and the RSD were 2.0%and 2.4%.The UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology provides a fast and efficient qualitative analysis method for identification of bile acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis.The HPLC-ELSD internal standard method is accurate and reliable,which has reference value for the quality control of Suis Fellis Pulvis.

HPLC Fingerprint Analysis of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with Different Commercial Specifications / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with different commercial specifications and to provide the basis for the division of commercial grades and the quality control of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix on the market. Method: The market investigation and literature research were used to understand the existing situation of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix goods.Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix goods were divided into three commercial specifications according to the source and appearance,such as Canqiang,Tiaoqiang and Datouqiang.Fingerprint of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with different commercial specifications was established by HPLC-PDA,the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.3% acetic acid in a gradient elution mode.Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine(version of 2004A) was used to confirm the common peaks and evaluate the similarity.SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to make principal component analysis(PCA) for HPLC fingerprint pattern. Result: The common mode of fingerprint for Canqiang,Tiaoqiang and Datouqiang were established separately.A total of 22 common peaks were marked in Canqiang,23 common peaks were marked in Tiaoqiang,29 common peaks were marked in Datouqiang.The result of similarity evaluation and PCA showed that the quality of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with the same commercial specification was stable.There were great differences in chemical compositions and their contents among Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with different commercial specifications. Conclusion: The fingerprint method can well distinguish commercial specifications of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix,and it can provide the basis for the division of commercial grades and the quality control of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix.

Effective components of traditional Chinese medicine for regulating TGF-Beta1/Smads signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis / 中国中药杂志

Hepatic fibrosis is a liver damage healing response affected by a variety of factors; its formation is associated with multiple cytokines and a variety of signaling pathways. Transforming growth factor beta1( TGF-β1) is one of the strongest fibrosis cytokines known,and involves almost all the key links in hepatic fibrosis. TGF-β1/Smads signal pathway is the most classical pathway for TGF-β1 to play its role in promoting fibrosis as well as one of the most important signaling pathways of hepatic fibrosis formation. Studies for the signal pathway have made a series of scientific research achievements in recently years. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of " multiple ingredients,multiple targets and less side effects",and is widely used in the clinical treatment of hepatic fibrosis.Effective components of traditional Chinese medicine are monomer compounds,which are extracted and purified from traditional Chinese medicine. Nowadays,the molecular biology studies of effective traditional Chinese medicine have become a hotspot. Modern advanced technology and methods can be used to directly clarify the targets and the signaling pathways,reveal the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating diseases,and promote the modernization and international development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. This review summarized the structure,function and application of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in the progress of anti-hepatic fibrosis,and analyzed the action mode and possible mechanism of various effective components of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and intervening the treatment of hepatic fibrosis in the past five years,so as to put forward new ideas for innovating new targeted traditional Chinese medicine for hepatic fibrosis.

Investigation and application of Dendrobium resources in Qinba Mountains with a discussion on industrial poverty alleviation model / 中国中药杂志

The Dendrobium species are rare and endangered medicinal plants, and it is difficult to investigate their wild resources with conventional methods because of typical epiphytic herbaceous. We explored Dendrobium resources(include culture resource) of Qinba Mountains and the boundary Mountain area in Hubei, Chongqing using the methods of literatures and field investigation, and found that the cultural base of Dendrobium were profound in Qinba Mountains region. Furthermore, its germplasm resources of Dendrobium were established for the first time in Wanzhou Luotian town. In case the advantages of local rock resources and poverty alleviation demand, we have actively carried out the cultivating mode of Dendrobium which grow on rock, and the poverty alleviation model of local characteristic Dendrobium industry were established preliminarily. Our application case can provide reference for the mining and transformation of traditional Chinese medicine resources census results.

Relationship between the residual in Tianhui medical slips and in / 中国针灸

Except the complete literature of , Tianhui medical slips unearthed in Chengdu also include a part of literature document on meridian, which was seriously damaged. Both of them were found in the same box together with . The title of the document chapter was not found in the residual medical slips. By investigated the textual content, it was discovered that such medical slips were different from the Mawangdui silk books, i.e. and , of Zhangjiashan bamboo slips of Han Dynasty, as well as in Tianhui medical slips. But, the sentences in description are similar to the sentences of in (), therefore, this residual slips was named as () by the collator. In the paper, by the comparison of this residual slip chapter with the unearthed literature document on meridian as well as in , the origin and evolution of meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the Qin and Han dynasties were explained. By taking it as an example, the construction process of classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine was explored.

Analysis on ecological factors and active components content of wild Dipsacus asper in Chongqing Wulong district / 中国中药杂志

An HPLC method was developed for the determination of iridoid glycosides (loganin acid, loganin, sweroside) and saponins (asperosaponin Ⅵ) in the wild Dipsacus asper. A total of 108 samples consecutive growing 12 month were collected in 9 plots in Wulong district of Chongqing. Subsequent analysis of the content of loganin acid, loganin, sweroside and asperosaponin Ⅵ was performed by HPLC to evaluate the quality. In addition, 20 climate data provided by the world climate database (http://www.worldclim.org/) was analyzed to deduce the correlation between the growing environment factors and the active ingredient content accumulation of D. asperoides and choose the apposite growing environment for D. asper. The range of active ingredient content in wild D. asper were 0.01%-3.80%(loganin acid), 0.08%-0.62%(loganin), 0.12%-0.78%(sweroside), 0.64%-5.26%(asperosaponin Ⅵ). The highest content of these active ingredients was concentrated from February to April, with 2.64% of loganin acid, 0.36% of loganin), 0.57% of sweroside, and 3.09% of asperosaponin Ⅵ. The method used for determination of the active ingredient content in D. asper was simple and convenient with accurate result. The selection of the quadrats is scientific and reasonable and can be used for the analysis of the contents of the wild D. asper, thus provide a reference for quality evaluation of D. asper and protection of D. asper resources.

Current status and future perspectives of daptomycin development / 药学学报

Due to the potent bactericidal activity and low incidence of drug resistance, the novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic - daptomycin has emerged as one of the first line antimicrobial agents in the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-positive resistant pathogens. This review summarizes the research advances of daptomycin in recent years, mainly including spectrum of antimicrobial activity, biosynthesis, mode of action, mechanism of drug resistance, structure-activity relationships, surotomycin and siderophore-daptomycin conjugate to kill multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The findings summarized in this review highlight the directions of next-generation of daptomycin derivatives.

Interpreting the Methods for Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments in Tianhui bamboo slip medical manuscripts / 中国中药杂志

Among the medical texts excavated in 2012-2013 from the Han Dynasty tomb at Tianhui township in Sichuan province, we found a collection on the treatment of 60 ailments. Under each ailment, we found one or more formulas, for a total of 106 formulas. The authors of this paper compiled and analyzed these texts based on the original bamboo slips and named this collection with the title Methods for Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments because the content was focused on blending and making medicinal formulas, and also due to the historical connections with the texts the Record of the Court Scribe, "Biography of Bian Que and Cang Gong". For these reasons, this title was determined, where "blending decoctions" mean "blending and harmonizing medicines optimally in preparation for decocting". The Tianhui texts preserve ancient forms of medicinal formulas, including some once believed to be lost, such as "grain decoctions", "fermented alcohol decoctions", and "fiery decoctions". Based on the historical evidence, we can now ascertain that this text is the "Blending Formulas and Making Decoctions" mentioned in the Record of the Court Scribe written by Cang Gong. Moreover, the medical texts, Canon Formulas in Decoction Form (from the book of Han Dynasty) and the Imperial Pharmacy Formulas to Benefit the People in Song Dynasty are both of this genre of medical literature. The Tianhui text is therefore a representative of this genre of literature in the Western and eastern Han, acting as a key link between early medical formula books and later formula books.

Textual research on origin and genuine of Lilii Bulbus / 中国中药杂志

Lilii Bulbus, which comes from many medicinal plants，is a frequently-used traditional Chinese medicine，the records in previous herbal literatures of it's origin and quality were inconstant. To trace back it's sources, we conducted a systematical study on it's origin and quality by textual research and investigation in this paper,The result showed that the origins of Lilii Bulbus are mainly source from white-flowers, red-yellow-flowers and red-flowers of Lilium， L. brownii var. viridulum, which were believed authentic or good quality in all previous herbal literatures,and L. pumilum and L. concolor which belong to white-flowers,and L. lancifolium which belong to red-yellow-flowers were believed low-quality and unfit for medicinal uses, or they were listed below and often have different effect with L. brownii var. viridulum. Among them, only L. concolor does not belong to Lilii Bulbus according to Chinese Pharmacopeia (2015 edition), The mainstream varieties of Lilii Bulbus became L. lancifolium now according to our practical investigation, which were very different from previous herbal literatures. Although chemical and pharmacological studies provided a reference for L. lancifolium，we should respect the actual records of the previous herbal literatures，the research of material foundation of efficacy should be more sufficient，and provide science evidence for clinical application of different species of Lilii Bulbus.

Preventive and therapeutic mechanism of the herbal pair, Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma on dementia-like mice induced by D-galactose / 中成药

AIM To investigate the preventive effects of herbal pair,Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma (SC),on Alzheimer's disease (AD),and its mechanism of action.METHODS Dementia mice induced by 8-week s.i.d subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg),were simultaneously given respective,intragastric administration of SC crude drug at doses of 5,10,20 g/kg,or piracetam support at 0.75 g/kg,and isometrical distilled water was applied to the mice of normal control group.The mice had their learning and memory abilities checked by Morris water maze at intervals of four weeks and eight weeks since the start of the trial,and their blood and brain tissue biochemical indices measured at the end of the test.RESULTS Significantly shortened latent period in place navigation test and the time of enter into the original platform in the space exploration test were observed in the mice treated with 4-week D-galactose and SC (P ＜0.05 或 P ＜0.01).The 8-week intervention demonstrated SC capacity in the significant promotion of T-SOD activity,decreased blood MDA levels (P ＜ 0.01)and the brain AchE levels,and increased brain GSH-Px activity (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION SC increases the concentration of acetylcholine in brain tissue and protects the central nervous tissue under oxidative stress,highlighting its therapeutic effect on AD.