Trend in incidence of stroke in Jindong District from 2016 to 2022 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the trends in incidence of stroke in Jindong District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide to the evidence for improving the stroke control strategy.@*Methods@#The incidence of stroke in Jindong District from 2016 to 2022 was collected through the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Monitoring Information System, and standardized by the data of the Chinese National Population Census in 2010. The gender-, age- and subtype-specific incidence of stroke was calculated, and the trends in stroke incidence were investigated with average annual percent change (AAPC).@*Results@#A total of 9 159 stroke cases were reported in Jindong District from 2016 to 2022, with crude incidence of 386.52/105 and standardized incidence of 276.75/105. The crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=3.704%, 95%CI: 0.792%-6.700%, P<0.05), while the standardized incidence showed no significant changing patterns (P>0.05). The crude incidence of stroke was significantly higher among men than among women (438.69/105 vs. 334.66/105; χ2=14.028, P<0.05), and the standardized incidence of stroke was significantly higher among men than among women (316.58/105 vs. 237.31/105; χ2=6.985, P<0.05). The crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age（χ2=5 290.180, P<0.05), and the crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a decline with age among residents at ages of 45 to 64 years (AAPC=-9.135%, 95%CI: -15.003% to -2.861%, P<0.05), while no significant changing patterns were found in the crude incidence of stroke among residents at other age groups (P>0.05). The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke (306.08/105 vs. 76.89/105; χ2=137.184, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Jindong District from 2016 to 2022, with ischemic stroke as the predominant subtype. Male and middle-aged and elderly populations should be given a high priority for stroke control.

Results of serum antibody detection from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Heilongjiang, 2019-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To detect the antibody levels of hantavirus in serum samples from patients suspected with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Heilongjiang Province from 2019 to 2021, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of disease. Methods　Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect the IgM antibodies to hantavirus in serum samples collected from suspected patients with HFRS in the acute-phase, and IgM and IgG antibody in convalescent-phase serum samples. The positive rate of IgM antibody in acute-phase serum samples of patients in different years was analyzed with χ2 test by SPSS 19.0, and the data were sorted out and analyzed about patients' gender, occupation, age, date of onset and interval from onset to initial diagnosis by EpiData 3.1, Excel 2003 software. Results　A total of 351 acute-phase serum samples and 208 convalescent-phase serum samples were detected in patients suspected with HFRS, respectively. There were 317 positive IgM antibodies of serum samples in the acute stage, with the positive rate of 90.31%. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of IgM antibodies in the acute stage between different years (χ2=0.895, P=0.639). T The IgM antibodies and IgG antibodies were positive in 32 (15.39%) and 28 (13.46%) of the convalescent-phase serum samples, respectively. Moreover, 148 patients (71.15%) were double-positive for IgM and IgG antibodies at the convalescent stage. The ratio of male to female patients was 4.56∶1, for which male patients were much more than female patients. Occupation was dominated by farmers (253 cases, 79.81%), followed by workers (19 cases, 5.99%) and the unemployed (17 cases, 5.36%), respectively. The age of patients ranged from 10 to 88 years old, with a median age of 49 years old. Most of the patients were in the age group from 30 years old to 60 years old (209 cases, 65.93%), among which the age group from 40 years old to 50 years old (86 cases, 27.13%) had the highest proportion, and the age group from 60 years old to 90 years old had a proportion of 20.18% (19 cases). May and November were the peak periods of HFRS in Heilongjiang Province. The median interval between onset and initial diagnosis was 4 days. Conclusions　There is a gap of about 10% between the clinical diagnosis of HFRS cases and the confirmed cases detected by laboratory in Heilongjiang Province from 2019 to 2021. The virus-specific detection results are important for confirming the diagnosis of local patients with HFRS.

Mathematical and statistical models for the control of mosquito-borne diseases: the experience of Costa Rica / Modelos matemáticos y estadísticos para el control de enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos: la experiencia de Costa Rica / Modelos matemáticos e estatísticos para o controle de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos: a experiência da Costa Rica

ABSTRACT Objective. To summarize the results of research conducted in Costa Rica in which mathematical and statistical methods were implemented to study the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods. Three articles with mathematical and statistical analysis on vector-borne diseases in Costa Rica were selected and reviewed. These papers show the value and relevance of using different quantitative methods to understand disease dynamics and support decision-making. Results. The results of these investigations: 1) show the impact on dengue case reports when a second pathogen emerges, such as chikungunya; 2) recover key parameters in Zika dynamics using Bayesian inference; and 3) show the use of machine learning algorithms and climatic variables to forecast the dengue relative risk in five different locations. Conclusions. Mathematical and statistical modeling enables the description of mosquito-borne disease transmission dynamics, providing quantitative information to support prevention/control methods and resource allocation planning.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Resumir los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en Costa Rica en las que se aplicaron métodos matemáticos y estadísticos para estudiar la dinámica de transmisión de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos. Métodos. Se seleccionaron y analizaron tres artículos con análisis matemáticos y estadísticos sobre enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en Costa Rica. En estos artículos se muestra el valor y la pertinencia de emplear diferentes métodos cuantitativos para comprender la dinámica de la enfermedad y brindar apoyo a la toma de decisiones. Resultados. Los resultados de estas investigaciones: 1) muestran la repercusión en los informes de casos de dengue cuando surge un segundo agente patógeno, como el chikunguña; 2) recuperan parámetros clave en la dinámica del Zika mediante la inferencia bayesiana; y 3) muestran el uso de los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático y las variables climáticas para pronosticar el riesgo relativo de dengue en cinco lugares diferentes. Conclusiones. Los modelos matemáticos y estadísticos permiten describir la dinámica de transmisión de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos, mediante la provisión de información cuantitativa para brindar apoyo a los métodos de prevención y control y a la planificación de la asignación de recursos.

RESUMO Objetivo. Resumir os resultados de estudos realizados na Costa Rica em que foram aplicados métodos matemáticos e estatísticos para estudar a dinâmica de transmissão de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos. Métodos. Foram selecionados e revisados três artigos com análises matemáticas e estatísticas sobre doenças transmitidas por vetores na Costa Rica. Esses artigos mostram o valor e a pertinência do uso de diferentes métodos quantitativos para compreender a dinâmica das doenças e apoiar a tomada de decisões. Resultados. Os resultados dessas investigações: 1) mostram o impacto nas notificações de casos de dengue quando surge um segundo patógeno, como o chikungunya; 2) recuperam parâmetros-chave na dinâmica do zika, usando a inferência bayesiana; e 3) mostram o uso de algoritmos de aprendizagem por máquina e variáveis climáticas para prever o risco relativo da dengue em cinco locais diferentes. Conclusões. A modelagem matemática e estatística permite a descrição da dinâmica de transmissão de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos ao oferecer informações quantitativas para apoiar métodos de prevenção e/ou controle e o planejamento da alocação de recursos.

Application of Lee-Carter model in the prediction of mortality risk in digestive tract cancer in Suzhou / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective A Lee-Carter model was used to predict the risk and trend of mortality in the digestive tract cancer in Suzhou from 2002 to 2016. Methods The crude and standardized mortality rates were calculated based on deaths of digestive tract cancer which was identified from Suzhou chronic disease surveillance system.We used Lee-Carter model to predict the trend of mortality in digestive tract cancer. Results The effectiveness of the results forecasted by Lee-Carter model was validated in the data of digestive tract cancer mortality from 2012 to 2016 in Suzhou. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values for the model were 2.48% and 4.13% for the age and year respectively, which indicated a well accepted prediction value. The mortality index was on the down trend in overall digestive tract cancer from 2002 to 2016, among which the mortality index in upper digestive tract cancer decreased, while the mortality index in lower digestive tract cancer increased. The mortality rate of upper digestive tract cancer was 4.23 fold higher than that of lower digestive tract cancer, and mortality rate in male was 2.17 times higher than that in female. Conclusions Our study observed a downward mortality trend in digestive tract cancer overall. Notably, the male mortality rate of lower digestive tract cancer was on an upward trend. In recent years, Suzhou has been undergoing a rapid population aging with medical and health level was increasing as well.

Role of using two-route ulinastatin injection to alleviate intestinal injury in septic rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Early application of protease inhibitors through the intestinal lumen could increase survival following experimental shock by blocking the pancreatic digestive enzymes. Hence, it was hypothesized that two-route injection (intraintestinal + intravenous) of ulinastatin (UTI), a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor, could better alleviate intestinal injury than single-route injection (either intravenous or intraintestinal).@*METHODS@#A sepsis model induced by lipopolysaccharide on rats was established. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, sepsis, UTI intravenous injection (Uiv), UTI intraintestinal injection (Uii), and UTI intraintestinal + intravenous injection (Uii + Uiv) groups. The mucosal barrier function, enzyme-blocking effect, levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines, and 5-day survival rate were compared among groups. The small intestinal villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and two components of mucosal barrier (E-cadherin and mucin-2) were measured to evaluate the mucosal barrier function. The levels of trypsin and neutrophil elastase (NE) in the intestine, serum, and vital organs were measured to determine the enzyme-blocking effect.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the single-route injection group (Uiv or Uii), the two-route injection (Uii + Uiv) group displayed: (1) significantly higher levels of VH, VH/CD, E-cadherin, and mucin-2; (2) decreased trypsin and NE levels in intestine, plasma, and vital organs; (3) reduced systemic inflammatory cytokine levels; and (4) improved survival of septic rats.@*CONCLUSION@#Two-route UTI injection was superior to single-route injection in terms of alleviating intestinal injury, which might be explained by extensive blockade of proteases through different ways.

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children of Eastern Henan Province, China.

In this retrospective cohort study conducted in 63 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in China; petechiae, bruises and bleeding were the major presentations. Most cases required therapy with one/more treatment options.

Clinical assessment of 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel Y applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy for endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel Y applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of endometrial cancer. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with stage I-III endometrial cancer were recruited for this study. The stage I patients received only 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy with a two-channel applicator. The stage II and III patients received both 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel applicator and parallel-opposed whole pelvic radiotherapy. RESULTS: The five-year local control rate was 80.6% (25/31), the overall survival rate was 51.6% (16/31), and the disease-free survival rate was 54.8% (17/31). The incidence of serious late complications was 12.9% (4/31). CONCLUSIONS: 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy was effective for treating endometrial cancer and the incidence of serious late complications related to this combination was within an acceptable range.

Effects of SUMO specific protease 1 on hPXR-mediated P-gp gene expression / 药学学报

The study aimed to investigate the effects of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) specific protease 1 (SENP1) on human PXR-mediated MDR1 transcriptional activity and mRNA expression. Empty vector and expression plasmids, including PXR, SENP1 and SENP1 mutant (SENP1m) were transiently transfected into HepG2 and LS174T cells using Lipo2000. Transcriptional activity was detected by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, and mRNA level was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that SENP1 could remarkably reduce the rifampicin (RIF)-induced MDR1 reporter activity and mRNA level in hPXR over expressed HepG2 and LS174T cells (P < 0.05), whereas adding SENP1m restored the RIF-induced increases (P < 0.05). These results indicated that SENP1 could repress the RIF-induced hPXR-mediated MDR1 transcriptional activity and mRNA expression.

Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol

Objective: To evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from fermented mustard to lower the cholesterol in vitro.Methods:The ability of 50 LAB strains isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol in vitro was determined by modified o-phtshalaldehyde method. The LAB isolates were analyzed for their resistance to acid and bile salt. Strains with lowering cholesterol activity, were determined adherence to Caco-2 cells. Results: Strain B0007, B0006 and B0022 assimilated more cholesterol than BCRC10474 and BCRC 17010. The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH 3.0 for 3 h despite variations in the degree of viability and bile-tolerant strains, with more than 108 CFU/mL after incubation for 24 h at 1%oxigall in MRS. In addition, strain B0007 and B0022 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with 16S rDNA sequences were able to adhere to the Caco-2 cell lines.Conclusions:These strains B0007 and B0022 may be potential functional sources for cholesterol-lowering activities as well as adhering to Caco-2 cell lines.

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activities of novel benzyl urea analogues of sorafenib / 药学学报

A novel series of benzyl urea analogues based on the structural modification of sorafenib were synthesized. Their in vitro antitumor activities against MX-1, HepG2, Ketr3 and HT-29 were evaluated using the standard MTT assay. While several target compounds showed inhibitory activity against multiple cancer cell lines, compound 9 was of particular interest, demonstrating IC50 values (5.69-13.6 micromol x L(-1)) comparable to those of sorafenib. Furthermore, compounds 20 and 23 showed more potent inhibitory activity against HT-29 and MX-1 when compared to sorafenib. In particular, compound 20 bearing the N-3-pyridyl moiety not only exhibited greater inhibitory activity against HT-29 cell line (IC50 3.82 micromol x L(-1)), but also had improved solubility at pH 7.2, is worthy of further investigation as a lead to identify novel antitumor agents.

Hypoglycaemic effects of fermented mycelium of Paecilomyces farinosus (G30801) on high-fat fed rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Background & objectives: Paceilomyces farinosus is an entomogenous fungus with a powerful insecticidal activity against the larvae of Lipidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. However, the hypoglycaemic activity of P. farinosus extract has not been studied. This study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycaemic and anti-diabetic effects of P. farinosus (G30801) in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetes given a high-fat and compared with normal rats. Methods: Rats fed with high fat diet for 2 months and injected with (30 or 50 mg STZ/kg bw) showed raised level of plasma triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, D-glucose concentration and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) %. The STZ-induced type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in rats was further confirmed using glucose tolerance test and insulin-glucose tolerance test. P. farinosus (G30801) was fermented in different media [soybean (S), black bean (B), and rice (R)] and their extracts were tested for hypoglycaemic effect using T1DM and T2DM rats. Results: STZ (30 and 50 mg/kg bw) could successfully induce T2DM and T1DM in rats, respectively. No change in blood glucose levels were noted in P. farinosus (R medium) treated normal rats (P  <   0.05). In addition, STZ-high fat fed diabetic (T1DM and T2DM) rats when treated with P. farinosus (R medium) showed decreased blood glucose level as compared with P. farinosus extracted from B and S medium. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed hypoglycaemic effect of fermented P. farinosus (G30801) in experimental diabetes rat model fed with high fat diet.

Surgical Treatment of Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection:A Retrospective Analysis of 122 Cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The study summarizes the clinical experience of surgical treatments of various types of thoracic aneurysm and aortic dissection.Clinical data of 122 patients with thoracic aneurysm and aortic dissection during July 2005 to July 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.The elective operations were performed in 107 patients while emergency surgery was done in 15 cases.Different surgical strategies were employed on the basis of diseased region,including simple ascending aortic replacement (n=3),aortic root replacement (n=43),hemi-arch replacement/total arch replacement + elephant trunk technique (n=32),thoracic/thoracoabdominal aortic replacement (n=8) and endovascular repair (n=36).In this series,there is 4 cases of perioperative death due to massive cerebral hemorrhage (n=1),respiratory failure (n=1) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (n=2).Three cases developed post-operative massive cerebral infarction and the relatives of the patients abandoned treatment.Instant success rate of endovascular repair was 100%.The intimal rupture was sealed.Blood flow was unobstructed in true lumen and no false lumen was visualized.It was concluded that aggressive surgery should be considered in the patients with thoracic aneurysm and aortic dissection.Surgical procedures should vary with the location and the nature of the lesions.

Enteroparasitosis en la población de la tercera edad consultante en centros médicos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 1997 / Enteroparasitic infections in aged outpatiens from medical centers of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 1997

La población senil rara vez ha sido estudiada específicamente para determinar prevalencia de enteroparasitosis y sus repercusiones. Por lo anterior, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo a partir de 493 exámenes coproparasitológicos seriados analizados por técnica de PAF y Téleman y 9 test de Graham realizados a pacientes senescentes en el laboratorio de parasitología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, entre el 1º de enero al 31 de Diciembre de 1997. Los resultados fueron analizados por sexo, edad, especies, y estación del año. Al analizar los resultados se encontró presencia de parásitos y/o comensales un 37,7 por ciento de los exámenes, de los cuales un 38,7 por ciento corresponde a parásitos, un 26,3 por ciento a comensales y un 34,9 por ciento ambos 20,3 por ciento presentó una sola especie, siendo el agente más frecuente el protozoo blastocystis hominis 23,1 por ciento, seguido por los comensales endolimax nana y entamoeba coli con 14,1 por ciento y 12,7 por ciento respectivamente. Afecta en forma similar a ambos sexos y sin variación significativa estacional. A diferencia de los grupos pediátricos, giardia lamblia no constituyó un agente frecuente en la tercera edad. Finalmente se considera necesario fomentar la realización de nuevos estudios que permitan conocer y mejorar aún más el manejo de la patología del paciente senescente, dada la mayor esperanza de vida que existe para éstos actualmente en las puertas del siglo XXI

Enteroparasitosis en Hospital San Juan de Dios, Illapel, Chile: 1995 / Enteroparasites at San Juan de Dios Hospital, Illapel, Chile: 1995

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los resultados de 712 exámenes coproparasitológicos a los que se les había efectuado por el método de Burrows en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, Illapel IVº Región, Chile, durante 1995. Los resultados fueron separados por edad, sexo, estación del año, ruralidad y especie. Al analizar los resultados se encontró que el 39,4 por ciento de los exámenes estaban infectados ya sea por enteroparásitos patógenos o comensales. No hubo diferencias de los resultados obtenidos en cuanto al sexo y las estaciones del año. Se encontró mayor porcentaje de infección en pacientes provenientes de zonas rurales 54 por ciento versus 36,9 por ciento. Se observó que el 12,8 por ciento de los individuos tenían infecciones con dos o más especies. Las tres especies más frecuentes fueron blastocystis hominis (18,4 por ciento), endolimax nana (10,5 por ciento) y entamoeba coli (9,7 por ciento) y enterobius vermicularis (15,4 por ciento)

Blastocystis hominis: un parásito frecuente en Chile / Blastocystis hominis: a frequent parasite in Chile

Se seleccionaron trabajos nacionales y extranjeros publicados para responder varias preguntas acerca de B. hominis. Se consideraron variables como edad, sexo, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Estos trabajos apoyan el rol patógeno de B. hominis. Sus manifestaciones más frecuentes son diarrea, dolor abdominal y, con menor frecuencia, meteorismo, anorexia náuseas y vómitos. Como convención entre laboratorios, se considera positivo un examen con visualización de al menos cinco parásitos por campo (40x). Metronidazol es el fármaco más efectivo para erradicar B. hominis. En los estudios revisados se reportó altas prevalencias nacionales con cifras entre 21,3 y 63,2 por ciento. Clínicos y científicos sugieren mayores estudios y vigilancia epidemiológica

The Metabolism Yield of Cordycepin and Adenosine in Cordyceps militaris by Liquid Culture / 微生物学通报

In order to improve the metabolism yield of cordycepin and adenosine,we studied nitrogen sources ,the levels of nitrogen sources and carbon sources,dynamic development in liquid culture ,as well as the total yield of cordycepin and adenosine in culture system through determining the contents of cordycepin and adenosine by HPLC .The results are as follows: not only animal protein but also some plant protein is very good nitrogen sources; in culture solution the suitable levels of nitrogen sources and carbon sources is respectively 3% and 4%; the content of adenosine in culture solution is very low, while it is quite high in mycelia; it is much higher that the total yield of cordycepin in culture solution than in mycelia; when the culture system is oscillated and cultured after 7~9 days, the total yield of cordycepin and adenosine are both high.