Research progress on the application of time-restricted eating in adult obesity and related metabolic diseases / 中华预防医学杂志

The soaring prevalence of obesity and its complications presents a significant health care burden, and there is currently a lack of effective and sustainable treatment methods. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a specific intermittent fasting (IF) protocol involving consistent fasting and eating periods within a 24-hour cycle. Time-restricted eating can restore robust circadian rhythms and improve metabolic health, providing an emerging dietary strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Previous TRE trials laid the groundwork, and indicate a need for further clinical research including large-scale controlled trials to determine TRE efficacy and the mechanisms by which it may affect humans.

Research advances of real world study in the field of chronic wound / 中华烧伤杂志

In recent years, as a powerful supplement to the randomized controlled trial (RCT), real world study (RWS) has received more and more attention. However, in the field of chronic wounds, most of the patients have complex condition, and the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria of RCT were lack of practical application values. The RWS provides data closer to the real medical environment in clinical medical practice, drug and medical device supervision, and health technology evaluation. However, RWS has some problems that need to be resolved, such as inconsistent diagnostic criteria and unclear research endpoints. In addition, RWS in chronic wound research in China seems to have not really started yet, and institutions at all levels need to work together to promote the development of RWS.

Efficacy of oseltamivir compared with zanamivir in COPD patients with seasonal influenza virus infection: a randomized controlled trial

Influenza viruses exacerbate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with considerable morbidity and mortality. Zanamivir and oseltamivir are effective in treating influenza. However, their efficacy in relieving influenza symptoms in COPD patients remains unknown, with the lack of controlled trials in this subject. Therefore, we conducted this randomized controlled trial to investigate the clinical efficacy of both interventions in this population. Patients were allocated to two groups (80 patients each): oseltamivir (OSELTA) and zanamivir (ZANA) groups. Oseltamivir (75 mg) was orally administered twice daily for 5 days, while zanamivir (10 mg) was inhaled twice daily for 5 days. Clinical parameters including body temperature, influenza symptoms (i.e., sore throat, cough, etc.), and serial blood tests were recorded on days 1, 3, and 7. We analyzed primary (changes in body temperature) and secondary outcomes (changes in non-specific symptoms) using the pre-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. Differences between groups were assessed using t-test. Oseltamivir and zanamivir significantly reduced body temperature on the 3rd day after treatment; however, the number of patients who reported clinical improvement in influenza-like symptoms was significantly higher in the OSELTA group compared to the ZANA group on days 3 (85 vs 68.8%, P=0.015) and 7 (97.5 vs 83.8%, P=0.003). However, no significant changes in hematological (white blood cells and its subtypes) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein) parameters were noted (P>0.05). Our results suggested that oseltamivir and zanamivir are effective in reducing body temperature, while oseltamivir led to better clinical improvement regarding influenza-like symptoms in patients with COPD.

Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-gold nanoparticles-mediated photodynamic therapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the conjugation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) could enhance the anti-tumor efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in epidermoid carcinoma cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay, and migration assay, respectively. Singlet oxygen generation was detected by the singlet oxygen sensor green reagent assay. Our results showed that PDT with 5-ALA and GNPs-conjugated 5-ALA (5-ALA-GNPs) significantly suppressed cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and singlet oxygen generation in both HaCat and A431 cells, and PDT with 5-ALA and 5-ALA-GNPs had more profound effects in A431 cells than that in HaCat cells. More importantly, 5-ALA-GNPs treatment potentiated the effects of PDT on cell viability, cell apoptosis, and singlet oxygen generation in A431 cells compared to 5-ALA treatment. Further in vitro assays showed that PDT with 5-ALA-GNPs significantly decreased expression of STAT3 and Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax in A431 cells compared with PDT with 5-ALA. In addition, 5-ALA-GNPs treatment enhanced the inhibitory effects of PDT on cell invasion and migration and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in A431 cells compared to 5-ALA treatment. In conclusion, our results suggested that GNPs conjugated to 5-ALA significantly enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of PDT in A431 cells, which may represent a better strategy to improve the outcomes of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Application of metabolomics in screening potential biomarkers for kidney transplantation / 医学研究生学报

Metabolomics, which inherits the ideas of genomics and proteomics, has been widely applied in clinical medical research. In the field of kidney transplantation, changes, which occur in the concentration of small molecule metabolites in blood or urine, can be used to identify organs at risk of acute rejection, locate organ damage, and monitor graft function. This article reviews the problems in the field of kidney transplantation, the concepts, characteristics and research methods of metabolomics, as well as the progress in the application of kidney transplantation and the biomarkers that have been discovered.

Application of percutaneous pie-crusting deep medial collateral ligament release for posterior horn surgery of medial meniscus / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical and radiographic effects of percutaneous pie-crusting deep medial collateral ligament release in patients with posterior horn tear of medial meniscus combined with tight medial compartment.@*METHODS@#From January 2012 to December 2016, 35 patients with medial meniscus posterior horn injury were treated with percutaneous pie crusting deep medial collateral ligament release technique, including 21 males and 14 females, aged from 21 to 55 years old with an average of (39.1±6.5) years old. Degree of meniscus extrusion were recorded before and 24 months after operation. The knee valgus stress test was performed to evaluate stability of medial collateral ligament, and compared difference between healthy and affected side. Lysholm and IKDC functional scores were compared before and 24 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 27 to 60 months with an average of (36.7±6.8) months. All patients were underwent operation, the wound healed well without complications. Operative time ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 h with an average of (0.8±0.4) h. Nineteen patients were performed partial meniscectomy, 16 patients were performed repair suture. Convex of meniscus before operation was (1.5±0.7) mm, and (1.7±0.4) mm after operation;had no statistical difference(@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with medial meniscus tear of posterior horn combined with tight medial compartment, percutaneous pie-crusting deep medial collateralligament release could improve medial compartment space, and Knee valgus instability and meniscus extrusion are not affected.

One-stop strategy for treatment of atrial fibrillation: feasibility and safety of combining catheter ablation and left atrial appendage closure in a single procedure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Catheter ablation is effective in restoring sinus rhythm and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is increasingly used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to observe the feasibility and safety of performing AF ablation and LAAC in a single (one-stop) procedure.@*METHODS@#Consecutive AF patients who underwent the combined procedure of AF ablation and LAAC with WATCHMAN device between March 2017 and September 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Baseline and intra-procedural parameters were evaluated. Three-month and subsequent 1-year follow-up were performed in all and earlier-enrolled subjects, respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 178 AF patients (94 males, 68.9 ± 8.1 years) underwent the one-stop procedure with CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.3 ± 1.5 and HAS-BLED score 1.6 ± 1.0, respectively. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients while additional linear ablation was applied if the operator deemed necessary, yielding immediate ablation success rate of 98.9% (176/178). In the subsequent LAAC, satisfactory seal (residual leak <5 mm) was achieved in all patients. One stroke and four cardiac perforations occurred peri-operatively. At 3-month follow-up, sinus rhythm and satisfactory seal were maintained in 153/178 (86.0%) and 178/178 (100%) patients, respectively. One stroke and one delayed cardiac tamponade occurred, while no device-related thrombus or device migration was observed. During the 1-year follow-up for the earlier enrolled subjects, 52/72 (72.2%) of the patients maintained sinus rhythm. There was no stroke or systemic embolism observed.@*CONCLUSION@#Combining catheter ablation and LAAC in a single procedure can be successfully and safely performed in non-valvular AF patients of Chinese population.

Current surgical practices of robotic-assisted tissue repair and reconstruction / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

This paper systematically reviewed and analyzed the recent publications of robotic-assisted surgeries in the field of tissue repair and reconstruction. Surgical robots can elevate skin flap more accurately and shorten the time of tissue harvest. In addition, robotic-assisted surgery has the advantage of minimal tissue trauma and thus forms minimal scar. The utilization of surgical robots reduces the occurrence of complications after oral radical tumor resection while achieving cosmetic sutures. Robotic-assisted radical mastectomy could radically remove invasive breast cancer lesions and achieve breast reconstruction in the first stage through the small incisions in the operation areas. Surgical robots enable precise microvascular anastomosis and reduce tissue edema in the surgical field. Robotic-assisted technology can help appropriately locate the target tissues at different angles during sinus and skull base surgeries and accurately place tissues during urethroplasty. The robotic-assisted technology provides a new platform for surgical innovation in the field of tissue repair and reconstruction. However, the uncertainty in the survival rate after tumor radical surgery, the increase of operating time, and the high costs are barriers for its clinical application in tissue repair and reconstructive surgery. Nevertheless, robotic-assisted technology has already demonstrated an impact on the field of tissue repair and reconstruction in a meaningful way.

Arthroscopic pullout suture repair of posterior root tear of the medial meniscus via the double tibial tunnels / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the surgical technique and clinical effect of arthroscopic pullout suture repair of posterior root tear of the medial meniscus via the double tibial tunnels.@*METHODS@#From May 2014 to May 2017, 22 patients with posterior root tear of medial meniscus were treated by pullout suture repair via the double tibial tunnels, including 8 males and 14 females, aged 34 to 53 years old, with a mean of averaged(45.7±4.7) years old. The patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months, with a mean of (16.4±5.2) months.@*RESULTS@#The Lysholm score of knee joint before operation was 61.8±4.3, IKDC score before operation was 59.9±2.9, Lysholm score at the latest follow-up was 89.1±3.0, and IKDC score was 89.0±2.5. The difference was statistically significant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Arthroscopic pullout suture repair via the double tibial tunnelsis an effective treatment for symptomatic posterior root tear of medial meniscus, and it can significantly improve the knee functional outcome.

Ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block combined with acupuncture for the treatment of calcified tendinitis of rotator cuff / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the method and effect of ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block combined with acupuncture in the treatment of calcified tendinitis of rotator cuff.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to December 2017, total 30 patients with calcified tendinitis, including 23 cases of supraspinatus tendon, 5 cases of infraspinatus tendon and 2 cases of subscapular tendon, were treated with ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block combined with acupuncture. There were 7 males and 23 females, ranging in age from 36 to 71 years old, with an average of 51.6 years old. There were 17 cases on the right and 13 cases on the left. VAS pain score, Constant-murley score, UCLA score and X-ray examination were used to evaluate the clinical results before and after surgery.@*RESULTS@#The mean follow-up was 14.3 months (6 to 30 months). The preoperative VAS score was 3.82±1.13, Constant-Murley score was 36.91±7.95 and UCLA score was 11.35±2.17. The final follow-up scores were 1.32±1.06, 90.61±2.89 and 33.22±1.51, respectively. The final follow-up scores were improved significantly(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Conservative treatment of calcified rotator cuff tendinitis is ineffective. Suprascapular nerve block guided by ultrasound combined with acupuncture has a good therapeutic effect. It is a minimally invasive, economic, safe and effective method, which is worth promoting.

Quantitative Analysis of Moisture Content in Pinellia Ternata by Near Infrared Spectroscopy / 中国药师

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the water content in Pinellia ternata by near-infrared spectroscopy to plant seed-ling cultivation and determine the quality of Pinellia ternata.Methods: Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to establish the model , and the moisture was measured by the drying method .The quantitative model was established by partial least squares method .Results:The quantitative model was established with the correlation coefficient of 0.9903 and the RMSECV of 0.205.The internal cross valida-tion and the external verification were both less than 1.0％.Conclusion:The established model can accurately predict the content of water in Pinellia ternata, which can be used for planting seedling cultivation , medicine storage management and quality control .

Clinical analysis of aneurysmal bone cyst in jaw bone / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in oral and maxillofacial of clinical appearance, clinical treatment and prognosis.@* Methods @#From July 2003 to December 2015, 8 patients with aneurysmal bone cyst in jaw bone was treated and recorded with the general condition, clinical symptoms, imaging examinations, surgical treatment and prognosis.@*Results @#Among the 8 patients, there were 5 females and 3 males with the age from 5 to 48 years old. 5 cases happened in mandibular bone and 3 cases originated from the maxillary bone. All the patients were primary lesions and diagnosed by pathology. CT scan showed multilocular cystic expansive space occupying lesions, septa, residual bone crest and liquid-liquid form; enhanced imaging showed the tortuous and dilated small blood vessels. Cystic wall composed of spindle shaped fiber cells, tissues and cells, broken bone like multinucleated giant cells and chronic inflammatory cells form and a ribbon like structure, cysts separated by fibrous tissue containing bone and bone fragments, hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition was observed which was confirmed under the light microscope. The main treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst was radical operation. After 1~6 years of follow-up, no patient was found recurrence. @* Conclusion@# The imaging findings of aneurysmal bone cyst in jaw bone was distintive, with diagnosis of the disease depended on pathology; the main treatment was radical operation with good prognosis.

A study on the prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors control among the elderly of community health management in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To learn the prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors control among the elderly of community health management in Zhejiang Province.Methods The elderly residents over 60 years of urban areas in Zhejiang Province were investigated through multi-stage stratified sampling,and key health examination information in year 2015 of respondents was collected.The prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors control were analyzed among the respondents who had accepted community elderly health management.Results Among 1 215 elderly who accepted community health management,self-reported prevalence rate of common chronic diseases was 84.36％,with hypertension 60.66％,cataract 21.32％ and diabetes 20.58％.The control rates of hypertension and diabetes were 64.04％ and 60.00％,respectively.The proportions of light weight,normal weight,overweight and obesity were 3.51％,50.04％,35.51％ and 10.94％ respectively.The prevalence rate of central obesity was 54.75％,female (59.00％) higher than male (48.47％) (P ＜ 0.001).The proportions of normal,borderline high and abnormal total cholesterol (TC) were 66.75 ％,23.95％ and 9.30％ respectively.The proportions of normal,borderline high and abnormal triglyceride (TG) were 65.73％,17.05％ and 17.22％ respectively.The proportions of normal TC and TG were both lower in female (both 61.94％) than those in male (TC:74.07％、TG:71.52％) (P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence rates of hypertension (OR =1.41,95％ CI:1.11-1.79),cataract (OR =2.19,95％ CI:1.65-2.91),coronary heart disease (OR =1.59,95％ CI:1.14-2.21)and cerehmvascular disease (OR =2.06,95 ％ CI:1.29-3.30)were significantly increased in the 75 years group than that in the 60-74 years group.The prevalence of cerehrovascular disease in elderly men in the age group of 60 -74 (OR =1.73,95％ CI:1.09-2.75) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR =2.41,95％ CI:1.04-5.59) were higher than that in female,while the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (OR =0.54,95％CI:0.35-0.84)were lower than that in male.Conclusion Among the elderly who accepted community health management,the prevalence rate of chronic diseases is similar with the general elderly population in Zhejiang Province.Female central obesity and blood lipids control should be strengthened in the community.

Quantitative Analysis of Glucose Injection Content by Near Infrared Spectroscopy / 中国药师

Objective: To quantitatively analyze the content of glucose in glucose injection by near infrared spectroscopy to control the quality of the product.Methods: A quantitative model was established by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and the injection came from pharmaceutical enterprises with different concentrations of glucose and the solution samples came from laboratories with different concentrations of glucose.The liquid sample accessories were selected, a quantitative model was established by a partial least squares method, and the effect of environmental temperature on the model was studied as well.Results: According to the quantitative model, the correlation coefficient reached up to 0.999 3, and RMS deviation (RMSECV) was 0.077 4.In the verification test, the results of various liquid formulas containing glucose were similar to those of the laboratory results.The prediction error was less than 5% within the temperature range of 20-35℃.Conclusion: The model of near-infrared partial least squares (PLS) can accurately predict the content of glucose in glucose products without sodium chloride, and can be used for the quality control of glucose intermediates and the finished products in the large infusion manufacturers

Regional variations of basic public health services implementation in Zhejiang Province based on the Gini coefficient / 预防医学

Objective To explore regional variations of basic public health services implementation in Zhejiang Province at prefectural,county and township level,respectively.To find key problems which obstacle the equalization of basic public health services in Zhejiang Province.Methods Descriptive analysis was made on surveillance data of basic public health services in Zhejiang Province,2014.Gini coefficient of key indicators was calculated at prefectural,county and township level,respectively.To the key indicator with higher Gini coefficient,Lorenz curve was plotted and Gini coefficient of each prefectural-level city was calculated.Results An increasing tendency from prefectural to township level was showed in Gini coefficient of all twenty-five analyzed indicators.The Gini coefficient at township level was 0.497 for the average financial fund per migrant person,and the highest prefectural -level cities were Taizhou (0.709 ),Lishui (0.838 ), Quzhou(0.918).The Gini coefficient at township level of other indicators were 0.314 and 0.235 for the children and elderly health management of traditional Chinese medicine,and lower than 0.05 for maternal &children health care, immunization,and coverage rate of electronic health record,and between 0.066 to 0.179 for health management of chronic disease and severe mental illness patients.Conclusion Average financial fund per migrant person and health management of traditional Chinese medicine are current major problems which obstacle the equalization of basic public health services in Zhejiang Province.

A study on the estimation of type I and type II error of national basic public health services supervision through random sampling / 预防医学

Objective Estimate type I and type II error probability (α,β)of sampling deduction,using sample size set in national basic public health services supervision.Methods Assuming a series of population indicator value of supervised area,αand βwas calculated based on binomial & hypergeometric distribution theory according to the sample size and indicator requirements set in supervision plan.Results When the population indicator value of supervised area was just equal to indicator requirements,probability of type I error was as follows,health record utilization rate(0.41 ),health record qualification rate(0.26),children systematic management rate(0.32),postpartum visit rate(0.32),the elderly health examination form completion rate (0.35 ),standard administration rate of patients with hypertension or diabetes (0.37),control rate of blood pressure of hypertension patients(0.34),control rate of blood glucose of diabetes patients (0.43),standard administration rate of severe mental illness patients(0.50).When the population indicator value of supervised area was 0.05 lower than indicator requirements,probability of type II error of those indicator was as follows, 0.41,0.54,0.53,0.53,0.51,0.50,0.57,0.47,0.38.Conclusion Current sample sizes of all indicators result in weak sensitivity of unqualified area detection.In order to avoid mistake,the sample size should be improved.

A NIR qualitative and quantitative model of 8 kinds of carbonate-containing mineral Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper is to apply near infrared spectroscopy techniques to construct a rapid identification method for 8 kinds of mineral Chinese Medicines containing carbonates. The qualitative model using clustering analysis method in OPUS software can identify accurately 8 kinds of carbonate-containing mineral Chinese medicines. The near-infrared quantitative model was established by using partial least squares method (PLS) for 7 mineral Chinese Medicines in which main component is calcium carbonate. Compared with the results by EDTA titration, the established quantitative analysis model for calcium carbonate content showed a good prediction result that when the content is between 47.61% -99.17%, the average relative deviation of the prediction result is 0.24% and the average recovery rate was 100.3%. The results also showed that the model using near infrared spectroscopy can get not only a rapid identification of the 8 mineral Chinese medicines containing carbonates, but also an accurate and reliabe content determination of calcium carbonate for the 7 mineral Chinese medicines which contain the component.

Research progress in HIV auxiliary proteins counteracting host restriction factors / 病毒学报

Identification and functional analyses of antiviral restriction factors in hosts have become hot research topics. Four HIV restriction factors, APOBEC3G, Trim5alpha, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, have been identified in recent years. By encoding auxiliary proteins, lentiviruses can counteract host restriction factors. For example, the auxiliary proteins Vif, Vpu, and Vpx of HIV antagonize APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, respectively. Furthermore, these auxiliary proteins enable the entry of HIV into host cells and influence the replication and pathogenicity of HIV. In this paper, we review the research progress in the functions of the three HIV auxiliary proteins that can antagonize the host restriction factors.

Potential Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Psychotropic Drugs

Psychiatric disorders are among the most debilitating of all medical illnesses. Whilst there are drugs that can be used to treat these disorders, they give sub-optimal recovery in many people and a significant number of individuals do not respond to any treatments and remain treatment resistant. Surprisingly, the mechanism by which psychotropic drugs cause their therapeutic benefits remain unknown but likely involves the underlying molecular pathways affected by the drugs. Hence, in this review, we have focused on recent findings on the molecular mechanism affected by antipsychotic, mood stabilizing and antidepressant drugs at the levels of epigenetics, intracellular signalling cascades and microRNAs. We posit that understanding these important interactions will result in a better understanding of how these drugs act which in turn may aid in considering how to develop drugs with better efficacy or increased therapeutic reach.

Rapid Identification of Dens Draconis and its Adulterants by NIR Correlation Coefficient Method / 中国药师

Objective:To develop a qualitative analysis model for the fast identification of Dens Draconis and its adulterants by NIR correlation coefficient method. Methods:On the basis of the traditional morphological identification, the spectra were collected u-sing the fiber accessory of a near-infrared spectroradiometer. The reference spectra were set up using the NIR spectra of certified Dens Draconis. The characteristic spectral section was chosen and the appropriate threshold was set to establish a qualitative analysis model for the rapid identification of Dens Draconis and its adulterant. Results:The spectral section of 5 000-4 200 cm-1 was selected as the characteristic spectral section, the correlation coefficient of Dens Draconis and its adulterant was calculated in training set samples, and 92. 67% was used as the threshold. Totally 10 batches of validation set samples were validated the qualitative analysis model, and the prediction accuracy was 90%. Conclusion:The method has good prediction ability, and can be used in the rapid identification of Dens Draconis and its adulterant.