Comparison of clinical efficacy of complete and incomplete radical debridement for spinal tuberculosis: a Meta-analysis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare clinical efficacy of complete and incomplete radical debridement for spinal tuberculosis by Meta-analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The literatures of RCT or non-RCT with complete and incomplete radical debridement for spinal tuberculosis from Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang were searched from the time of creating database to July, 2017. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias of included studies. Meta analysis were performed by Revman 5.3 and GRADE system were used to grade evidence. Recurrence rate, adverse effects, healing time, chemotherapy duration, spinal deformity by correction angle, bone fusion time in interface of intervertebral, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reaction protein were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 9 literatures were chosen, including 5 RCT and 4 non-RCT with 1 302 patients. Compared with incomplete radical debridement, complete radical debridement had lower recurrence rate [=0.14, 95%CI(0.08, 0.22), <0.000 01], lower rate of adverse effects[=0.18, 95%CI(0.12, 0.27), <0.000 01], shorter healing time[MD=-4.80, 95%CI(-5.14, -4.45), <0.000 01]and chemotherapy duration [MD=-5.25, 95%CI(-5.64, -4.86), <0.000 01], larger spinal deformity by correction angle[MD=4.88, 95%CI(3.55, 6.27), <0.000 01], smaller erythrocyte sedimentation rate[MD=-8.74, 95%CI(-11.99, -5.49), <0.000 01] and C-reaction protein [MD=-4.75, 95%CI(-8.61, -0.88), =0.02] . However, there was no difference on bone fusion time in interface of intervertebral between two groups[MD=-0.19, 95%CI(-0.50, 0.12), =0.23].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with incomplete radical debridement, complete radical debridement has advantages of lower incidence of recurrence, lower rate of adverse reaction, shorten healing time and chemotherapy time, recovered faster. Techniques are selected according to indication of patients individual, complete radical debridement is recommended at the same indications.</p>

Cloning and functional analysis of JAZ genes in Artemisia annua / 药学学报

Jasmonic acid (JA) can promote the biosynthesis of artemisinin.To have an insight into the JA signaling in Artemisia annua,two new genes belonging to JAZ family,namely AaJAZ5 and AaJAZ6,were cloned from Artemisia annua,which might be the negative regulators involved in the JA signaling pathway.Bioinformatic analysis showed that AaJAZ5 and AaJAZ6 contained the conserved domains of ZIM and Jas specific to JAZ family.According to tissue profile analysis,AaJAZ5 had the highest expression level in leaf and AaJAZ6 had the highest expression level in root.The expression levels of both AaJAZ5 and AaJAZ6 were markedly elevated by methyl jasmonate and mechanical wounding.The BiFC results indicated that AaJAZ5,as well as AaJAZ6,physically interacted with AaMYC2.Importantly,only AaJAZ5 could interact with AaCOI1.The interaction assays given by BiFC suggested that AaJAZ5 might play a crucial role in JA signaling.This study facilitated the further analysis of the functional divergence of JAZ-family members and the understanding of molecular mechanism on JA signaling to regulate the artemisinin biosynthesis.

Molecular cloning and characterization of CMK from Artemisia annua / 中国中药杂志

Artemisinin is a preferred medicine in the treatment of malaria. In this study, AaCMK, a key gene involved in the upstream pathway of artemisinin biosynthesis, was cloned and characterized from Artemisia annua for the first time. The full-length cDNA of AaCMK was 1 462 bp and contained an ORF of 1 197 bp that encoded a 399-anomo-acid polypeptide. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that AaCMK was expressed in leaves, flowers, roots and stems, but with higher expression level in glandular secretory trichomes. In addition, the expression of AaCMK was markedly increased after MeJA treatment. Subcellular localization showed that the protein encoded by AaCMK was localized in chloroplast. Overexpression of AaCMK in Arabidopsis increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. These results suggest that AaCMK plays an important role in the biosynthesis of terpenoids in A. annua and this research provids a candidate gene that could be used for engineering the artemisinin biosynthesis.

Protective effects of SFE-CO2 of Notoginseng against glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effects of supercritical CO2 fluid extract(SFE)of Notoginseng a-gainst glutamate-induced PC12 cells damage and the underlying mechanism. Methods PC12 cells were dealt with glutamate to establish cell models. MTT as-say,LDH method,Hoschst 33342 staining,Fluo-3 /AM fluorescence staining and Western blot were used to observe the changes of cell viability,intracellular Ca2 + concentration and the expression of protein that interacted with C kinase l(PICK1)and glutamate re-ceptors 2 (GluR2),respectively. Results Glutamate was cytotoxic to PC12 cells with an inhibitory concen-tration 50(IC 50 )of 25 mmol·L - 1 . Pretreatment with SFE(25,50,100 mg·L-1)and FSC231(100 μmol ·L-1 )and SFE(100 mg·L-1 )+FSC231(100μmol ·L-1 )remarkablely improved cell viability,reduced LDH leakage,decreased apoptosis rate,debased intra-cellular calcium concentration,decreased the expres-sion of PICK1 ,and increased the expression of GluR2 . Conclusions SFE of Notoginseng shows protective effects against glutamate-induced PC12 cell damage, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PICK1 and the increase of GluR2 protein expression.

HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of Saxifraga stolonifera / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of Saxifraga stolonifera.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with isocratic elution of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 256 nm and the column temperature was set at 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of S. stolonifera has been established. There were fifteen common peaks, seven of which were identified by reference substances. The RSD of relative retention time was less than 3% in the precision and repeated tests. Eleven samples from different area can be distinguished from their fingerprints.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is reasonable and reliable and can be used for quality control of S. stolonifera.</p>

Enhanced biosynthesis of scopolamine in transgenic Atropa belladonna by overexpression of h6h gene / 中国中药杂志

Transgenic Atropa belladonna with high levels of scopolamine was developed by metabolic engineering. A functional gene involved in the rate limiting enzyme of h6h involved in the biosynthetic pathway of scopolamine was over expressed in A. belladonna via Agrobacterium-mediation. The transgenic plants were culturing till fruiting through micropropogating and acclimating. The integration of the h6h genes into the genomic DNA of transgenic plants were confirmed by genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Analysis of the difference of plant height, crown width, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, branch number and fresh weight was carried out using SPSS software. The content of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in roots, stems, leaves and fruits was determined by HPLC. The investigation of the expression levels of Hnh6h by qPCR. Both Kan(r) and Hnh6h genes were detected in five transgenic lines of A. belladonna plants (A8, A11, A12, C8 and C19), but were not detected in the controls. The plant height, crown width, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, branch number and fresh weight of transgenic plants did not decrease by comparison with the non-transgenic ones, and furthermore some agronomic characters of transgenic plants were better than those of the controls. The highest level of scopolamine was found in leaves of transgenic A. belladonna, and the content of scopolamine was also higher than that of hyoscyamine in leaves. The contents of scopolamine of leaves in different transgenic lines were listed in order: C8 > A12 > C19 > A11 > A8, especially, the content of scopolamine in transgenic line C8 was 2.17 mg x g(-1) DW that was 4.2 folds of the non-transgenic ones (0.42 mg x g(-1) DW). The expression of transgenic Hnh6h was detected in all the transgenic plants but not in the control. The highest level of Hnh6h expression was found in transgenic leaves. Overexpression of Hnh6h is able to break the rate limiting steps involved in the downstream pathway of scopolamine biosynthesis, and thus promotes the metabolic flux flowing toward biosynthesis of scopolamine to improve the capacity of scopolamine biosynthesis in transgenic plants. As a result, transgenic plants of A. belladonna with higher level of scopolamine were developed.

Enhancement of tropane alkaloids production in transgenic hair roots of Atropa belladonna by overexpressing endogenous genes AbPMT and AbH6H / 药学学报

Atropa belladonna L. is the officially medicinal plant species and the main commercial source of scopolamine and hyoscyamine in China. In this study, we reported the simultaneous overexpression of two functional genes involved in biosynthesis of scopolamine, which respectively encoded the upstream key enzyme putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT; EC 2.1.1.53) and the downstream key enzyme hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase (H6H; EC 1.14.11.11) in transgenic hair root cultures of Atropa belladonna L. HPLC results suggested that four transgenic hair root lines produced higher content of scopolamine at different levels compared with nontransgenic hair root cultures. And scopolamine content increased to 8.2 fold in transgenic line PH2 compared with that of control line; and the other four transgenic lines showed an increase of scopolamine compared with the control. Two of the transgenic hair root lines produced higher levels of tropane alkaloids, and the content increased to 2.7 fold in transgenic line PH2 compared with the control. The gene expression profile indicated that both PMT and H6H expressed at a different levels in different transgenic hair root lines, which would be helpful for biosynthesis of scopolamine. Our studies suggested that overexpression of A. belladonna endogenous genes PMT and H6H could enhance tropane alkaloid biosynthesis.

Chemical constituents of Psammosilene tunicoides and bacteriostatic activity / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents and bacteriostatic activity of Psammosilene tunicoides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Such methods as silica gel column chromatography and gel column chromatography were adotped separate and purify the compounds, and their structures were indentified on the basis of their spectral data and physicochemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were separated from ethanol extracts and identified as methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (1), N-methylsaccharin (2), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (3), germanicol (4), tricosanoic acid (5), octacosane (6), amber acid (7), succinic acid (8), stellarine A (9), and oleanane-12-ene-3alpha, 16alpha-two hydroxy-23,28-acid (10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds except compound 10 were separated from P. tunicoides for the first time. Compounds 8 and 9 showed the bacteriostatic activity to a certain extent.</p>

Liver histological changes in chronic hepatitis B patients with elevated ALT less than 2 x ULN / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relevant factors of liver histological changes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with mildly elevated ALT and to explore the clinical values of these factors on anti-viral treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 152 CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT (less than 2 x ULN) who underwent liver biopsy were included in the study. Correlations between routine laboratory markers, liver histological inflammation grade and fibrosis stage were statistically assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and Logistic regression statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients in the study showed various hepatic histological damages. Among the 152 patients 50 (32.9%) were found with inflammation grade 1 (G1), 42 (27.6%) with G2, 46 (30.3%) with G3 and 14 (9.2%) with G4. 16 patients (10.5%) were found with fibrosis stage 2 (S2), 25 (16.5%) with S3 and 41 (27.0%) with S4. Routine laboratory markers Alb, BPC and WBC were significantly correlated with hepatic histological inflammation grade and fibrosis stage. Marked liver fibrosis and moderate to severe liver damage were significantly higher in patients aged more than 40 years as compared to those less than 40 years of age (P = 0.002, P = 0.010). The regression equation P = 1/[1+e-(9.36250-1625Alb-0.0234BPC)] was established with sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 65.0%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>67.8% of CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT have significant injury to the liver tissue. CHB patients aged more than 40 years have a significant increase of marked liver fibrosis and moderate to severe liver damage. The regression equation is valuable to predict whether CHB patients need antiviral therapy or not.</p>

Clinical significance and detection of the expression of CD25- CD127- on CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood in patients with hepatitis B / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical significance and detection of the expression of CD25- CD127- on CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood in patients with hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of CD25- CD127- on CD4+ T cells were measured by using flow cytometry in 53 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 53 carrier with hepatitis B virus and 26 healthy blood donors, and follow up 20 patients with HBV-DNA positive treated with interferon.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with healthy controls, the expression of CD25- CD127- on CD4+ T cells in patients and carrier with hepatitis B virus were lower (Q = 4.559, P < 0.05; Q = 6.230, P < 0.05). (2) The expression of CD25- CD127- on CD4+ T cells in patients with HBV-DNA positive (n = 77) was lower than that of negative (n = 29) (t = 2.290, P = 0.024). (3) Compared with the prior treatment,the expression of CD25- CD127- on CD4+ T cells in patients with B hepatitis were lower after interferon treated with 12 weeks (t = 2.469, P = 0.024).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggested that the CD25- CD127- expression on CD4+ T cells correlated with viral infections and cleared,exogenous interferon could decrease CD25- CD127- expression on CD4+ T cells.</p>

Short-term outcome of the acellular dermal matrix in dental implant surgical sites / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical short-term results of the acellular dermal matrix for guided bone regeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four patients with bone defect in anterior maxillary area (average bone width: 3 mm) were included. Ridge-splitting technique with simultaneous placement of implants and artificial bone material implantation was performed in 21 patients (non-membrane group). Forty-three patients received the same procedure but with acellular dermal matrix covering the surgical sites (membrane group). The patients were followed up for three months and the new bone formation was checked in clinic and by X-ray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three months after operation, the membrane group showed good osseointegration and high bone density over the implant cover screws. In the second operation, the membranes became thinner and the new bone fully covered the implant in the membrane group. The labial bone exhibited slight absorption and labial surface of 7 implants in 7 patients was exposed in non-membrane group. The width and the height of the ridge in the second operation were greater in membrane group than in non-membrane group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The acellular dermal matrix can effectively resist the growth of soft tissue to allow bone regeneration around the implant.</p>

Effects of Simvastatin on osteoblast activity of human periodontal ligament cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Simvastatin on the osteoblast activity of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The third passage human PDL were cultured in conditional mineralization medium with different concentrations of Simvastatin. The cells were divided into A group (0 mol/L), B group (1 x 10(-9) mol/L), C group (1 x 10(-8) mol/L), D group (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) and E group (1 x 10(-6) mol/L). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteopontin (OPN) and capability of mineralization were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Differentiation osteoblast and mineralization of human PDL were improved in all treatment groups with different concentrations of Simvastatin (1 x 10(-9), 1 x 10(-8), 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-6) mol/L). Compared with control group, statistically significant differences were found in 1 x 10(-8) mol/L, 1 x 10(-7) mol/L and 1 x 10(-6) mol/L groups (P<0.05). The maximum effect was observed at the concentration of 1 x 10(-7) mol/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Optimal concentration of Simvastatin can improve the osteoblastic activity of human PDL.</p>

Expression and purification of human amelogenin in Escherichia coli / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the expression and purification route for the gene encoding human amelongenin (AMG) mature peptide in Escherichia coli (E. coli).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombined plasmid pGEX-4T-1/AMG was identified by double endonuclease digestion electrophoretogram and DNA sequence analysis. The recombined plasmid was transformed to E. coli BL21. The inducing time, isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration and inducing temperature were optimized for the express system. Under the optimized condition, the target fusing protein in superatant, periplasm, plasm and inclusion body was analyzed separately. A great amount of target fusing protein was found in the dissoluble protein. AMG fusing protein was purified by the GSTrapFF affinity column.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Double endonuclease digestion electrophoretogram and DNA sequence analysis were done to identify the recombined vector pGEX-4T-1/AMG. The results were consistent with the anticipation. The optimum inducing time was 14.5 hours. The optimum IPTG concentration was 1.0 mmol/L. The optimum inducing temperature was 20 degrees C. Under this condition, the target protein was expressed to a maximum. Plentiful target protein was expressed in plasm and inclusion body under the optimized condition. A mount of plasm protein was obtained and purified by the GSTrapFF affinity column. The purified liquid was collected and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PACE). The protein electrophoresis map showed that AMG fusing protein was purified successfully. After twice elution, high pure fusing protein was obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>pGEX-4T-1/AMG system is used successfully to express human AMG fusing protein.</p>

Different Risk Factors for Hemoglobin Alc in Obesity and Nonobesity Diabetic Patients / 中华高血压杂志

Objective To explore the underlying relationship between hyperglycemic factors in type 2 diabe- tes.Methods Fifty seven type 2 diabetes with obesity (DM-OB)and 64 without obesity(DM-NOB)were recruited. Age,body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),homeostasis model assessment-2 insulin resistance (HO- MA-IR),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP),fasting plasma glucose,postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), postprandial glucose excursion(PPGE),lipid profile,blood pressure were determined.Results DM-OB subjects had significantly higher HOMA-IR,BMI,DBP,TC,hsCRP,HbAlc,LDL-C when compared with DM-NOB sub- jects.Pearson correlation analysis,in DM-OB subjects,BMI,FBG,FPG,HOMA-IR,hs-CRP were all the posi- tive relative factors(P all

Caveolin-1, EGFR expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and their prognostic value / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study Caveolin-1,EGFR expression in bladder transitional call carcinoma and their prognostic value. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect Caveolin-1,EGFR in 89 cases.of bladder transitional call carcinoma.Results In 89 cases,the percentage of abnormal Caveolin-1 and EGFR expression were 37.1% and 50.6 % respectively.Significant change was observed in different grade case,P