ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To investigate the present situation of clinical pharmacy in different levels of medical institutions in Chongqing，and to investigate the method for optimizing clinical pharmaceutical care. METHODS：By questionnaire survey，50 sample medical institutions（including 15 third level hospitals，25 second level hospitals and 10 first level hospitals）in Chongqing were selected according to the region，the level of medical institutions，comprehensive and specialized hospitals. The team of clinical pharmacists and the development of clinical pharmacy were investigated，and the results were statistically analyzed to find common problems and put forward relevant suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：Totally 45 questionnaires were collected， with a recovery rate of 90％，of which 39 questionnaires were qualified，with a qualified rate of 86.67％. There were 32 hospitals （82.05％）in 39 medical institutions with clinical pharmacy departments and 4 hospitals（10.26％）with clinical pharmacist training base. There were 239 full-time pharmacists in 39 medical institutions，with an average of 6.13 persons in each medical institution， including 4.5 full-time clinical pharmacists，and 2-5 full-time clinical pharmacists（25 hospitals）in most medical institutions. Top 5 clinical departments that clinical pharmacists mainly participated in were respiratory department，cardiovascular department， endocrinology department，ICU and oncology department. Most of the clinical pharmacists（16 hospitals，42.11％）worked in the clinic for more than 50％ to no more than 80％. The number of medical institutions（28-37，＞70.00％）carrying out ADR monitoring， rational drug use knowledge publicity， prescription and medical order comment， ward round， consultation， editing and publishing drug information was relatively high. 28 medical institutions（78.95％）did not carry out the test of therapeutic drugs；39（100％）medical institutions had carried out the education of patients’drug use，in the form of billboards（30 hospitals，78.95％），science lectures（28 hospitals，73.68％）and drug education forms（28 hospitals，73.68％）The contents of drug use education mainly included precautions（39 hospitals，100％），usage and dosage（37 hospitals，97.37％）， ADR（36 hospitals，94.74％）. 29 hospitals had carried out clinical pharmaceutical research（73.68％），mainly rational drug use research（28 hospitals，73.68％）；5 medical institutions（12.82％）had set up joint pharmacy outpatient service，2（5.12％）had set up independent pharmacy outpatient service，the rest had not set up pharmacy outpatient service（26 hospitals，66.67％）. In this survey，it is found that there are some problems，such as incomplete coverage of beds in the ward in pharmaceutical care，weak foundation of scientific research in pharmaceutical departments. It is suggested that the national and local health committees should strengthen the construction of multi-level clinical pharmacy talent echelon，explore and train resident clinical pharmacists，select and build key clinical pharmacy specialties in Chongqing，and establish incentive mechanism for clinical pharmacists. Medical institutions at all levels can adopt multiple ways to accelerate the training of clinical pharmacists，increase the publicity of pharmacists’outpatient service，change the working mode of the ward，cultivate special clinical pharmacists，improve the ways and paths of continuing education，and enhance the strength of scientific research to improve the level of clinical pharmaceutical care.
ABSTRACT
Objective Assessing the publication and quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses correlated to levofloxa-cin for MDR-TB in China to promote the rational use of levofloxacin .Methods A literature retrieving was made in CNKI/VIP/WanFang Med-online/CBM and other databases ,to collect literatures published in the nearly 10 years correlated to sys-tematic reviews/Meta-analyses of levofloxacin for MDR-TB .Two researchers screened the literatures ,extracted data and as-sessed the quality of literatures independently ,and then cross-checked .OQAQ and AMSTAR scale were used to qualify the methodological quality of included studies ,PRISMA scale was used to evaluate the report quality .Results Fourteen literatures were included ,of which 4 were Meta analysis and 10 were systematic reviews .OQAQ methodological quality rating up to 7 points and the lowest was 3 .5 points ,the average was 6 .21 points .The highest rate of in line with AMSTAR were entry 1 and 9 ,and the compliance rate of entries 2 ,4 ,8 ,10 were good as well .PRISMA report quality scored up to 21 points and the low-est was 13 .5 points ,the average was 19 .29 points .The main problems were:incomprehensive search strategy and scrope , none specific inclusion and exclusion criteria ,unreported selection bias and no evaluation of the quality of part of the included studies .Conclusion The publication and quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses correlated to levofloxacin for MDR-TB in China were good ,but still need further improvement .
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for a simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ephedrine hydrochloride in compound moxifloxacin nasal drops.METHODS:The separation was performed on VP-ODS chromatographic column with column temperature at 30℃. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer solution (which contained 0.02mol?L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% triethylamine, adjust pH to 3.0 by phosphoric acid) - methanol(60∶40) with flow rate at 1.0mL?min-1, detection wavelength at 214nm and sample size at 20?L. RESULTS: The linear ranges of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ephedrine hydrochloride were 0.1～0.8(r=0.999 7,n=5) and 0.125～1.000?g (r=0.999 9, n=5), respectively,and their average recoveries were 98.94% (RSD=0.89%) and 99.67%(RSD=1.26%),respectively.CONCLUSION: The technique is simple, rapid, accurate, and reproducible, and it can be used as the quantity control of compound moxifloxacin nasal drops.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To prepare the compound chlorhexidine acetate ear drops for treating anaerobic and aerobic infections of antrum auris METHODS:The compound chlorhexidine acetate ear drops was prepared with mixed solvent of glycerin,alcohol and distilled water The contents of two main ingredients were determined by dual-wavelength isobestic point spectrophotometry and the stability of preparation was examined RESULTS:The average recovery of metronidazole was 99 34%(RSD=0 57%,n=6) and that of chlorhexidine acetate was 101 17%(RSD=0 88%,n=6) CONCLUSION:The new preparation is rational in formula,simple in quality control and good in stability and has good prospects in development
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine polysaccharide in different compatibility of Fengshao liujunzi decoction.METHODS: Polysaccharide was extracted with water extracting-alcohol precipitation.Polysaccharide was prepared by anthrone-sulfuric acid method and determined by UV spectrophotometry.RESULTS: The optimal determination conditions for polysaccharide in Fengshao liujunzi decoction were as follows: 4 mL 0.2% anthrone-sulfuic acid solution was added into sample,heated in water bath for 15 min then cooled for 10 min.The linear range of D-glucosum anhydricum were 0.019 92～0.079 68 mg(r=0.999 6).The average recovery was 97.33%(RSD=1.52%,n=6).CONCLUSION: Polysaccharide is mainly from Liujunzi decoction.The method is rapid,accurate and reproducible for content determination of polysaccharide in different compatibility of Fengshao liujunzi decoction.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the regularity and characteristics of ADR induced by levofloxacin. METHODS: Retrieved from, CHKD of CNKI and Wanfang database, a total of 205 literatures about levofloxacin-induced ADR were collected and analyzed statistically in respect of patients’ gender, age, case history, administration route, clinical manifestation and result of treatment. RESULTS: 483 cases(92.9%) were given levofloxacin intravenously in total of 520 ADR cases. 156 cases were characterized with lesion of skin and its appendants (30.0%), followed by lesion of nervous system (n=133, 25.6%), lesion of cardiovascular system (n=65, 12.5%) and anaphylactic shock (n=45, 8.7%). The earliest ADR occurred within 2 min after administration while the latest occurred in 34 d after administration. 514 cases recovered when drug withdrawal or treatment were taken. However, there were 2 cases of sequelae, 4 cases of death and 62 cases of unexpected serious ADRs. CONCLUSION:ADRs induced by levofloxacin present complicated and various symptoms caused by several factors in which the most serious result in death. Clinical doctors should pay more attention to levofloxacin-induced ADRs.