ABSTRACT
La sintomatología depresiva es frecuente en el embarazo y repercute en el posparto y en el vínculo madre-bebé. Se reportan los resultados de una intervención grupal de 5 sesiones para reducir la sintomatología depresiva y promover una adecuada sensibilidad materna. Participaron 134 embarazadas con antecedentes de depresión (grupo experimental = 88 y grupo control = 46). Se evaluó sintomatología depresiva (Inventario para la Depresión de Beck), resolución de problemas sociales (Inventario de Resolución de Problemas Sociales Abreviado), sensibilidad materna, cooperatividad infantil y riesgo vincular (Índice Experimental de Relación Niño-Adulto) en ambos grupos. Se observó una reducción significativa de la sintomatología depresiva, así como un incremento de las habilidades para la resolución de problemas sociales en el grupo intervenido. Este grupo muestra también puntajes significativamente mayores en sensibilidad materna y cooperatividad infantil, así como menores frecuencias de riesgo vincular en la evaluación postintervención. Se discute la relevancia de desarrollar estrategias de intervención durante el embarazo, considerando su impacto en la sensibilidad materna, en la calidad de las interacciones madre-bebé y en las habilidades de las madres para resolver problemas.
Depressive symptoms are frequently observed during pregnancy, and these affect the mother and her relationship with her baby during the post-partum period. Results are reported on a 5-session group intervention for reducing depressive symptoms and promoting maternal sensitivity. The participants included 134 pregnant women with a history of depression (experimental group = 46 and control group = 88). Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), social problem-solving strategies (Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised), maternal sensitivity, infant cooperativeness and bonding risk (Child-Adult Relatinoship Experimental Index) were assessed in both groups. The group intervened showed a significant reduction of depressive symptoms and an improvement of social problem-solving strategies. This group also shows significantly higher scores in maternal sensitivity, and infant cooperativeness, as well as lower frequencies of bonding risk in the post-intervention assessment. The importance of considering intervention strategies during pregnancy, including its impact on maternal sensitivity, the quality of mother-baby interactions and the problem-solving abilities of the mothers, is discussed.
ABSTRACT
La depresión perinatal constituye un trastorno de alta prevalencia con repercusiones negativas en la madre y en el bebé. A partir de estos antecedentes se revisa la literatura existente sobre intervenciones psicológicas focalizadas en reducir la depresión y/o favorecer un vínculo madre-infante positivo desde el embarazo hasta los dos años del niño/a. Se consideran 27 estudios publicados entre los años 1996 y 2012, que incluyen grupos experimental y control. Los resultados muestran que un mayor número de intervenciones se focalizan en la depresión perinatal como variable, distinguiendo entre intervenciones en el embarazo y postparto. Un menor número de estudios se dirige a la calidad del vínculo madre-infante y a ambas variables. Las intervenciones reportadas como exitosas, incluyen intervenciones grupales e individuales dirigidas a favorecer la sensibilidad materna y técnicas corporales.
Perinatal depression constitutes a high prevalence disorder, with negative repercussions in the mother and the baby. From these precedents, this article reviews different psychological interventions developed to reduce depression and/or to promote a mother-infant bond-quality, from pregnancy to children's second year of life. There are considered 27 studies published between 1996 and 2012, with inclusion of experimental and control groups. Results show that most of the interventions are focused in perinatal depression as a variable, differentiating between interventions during pregnancy and at postpartum. A minor number of studies focused on the mother-baby bond quality and to modify both variables in a simultaneous way. Interventions that were reported to be successful considered group and individual interventions focused on promoting maternal sensitivity and corporal techniques.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Depression/psychology , Depression/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Mother-Child Relations , Object Attachment , Perinatal Care/methods , Depression, Postpartum/prevention & control , Depression, Postpartum/psychology , Psychotherapy, Group/methodsSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Mood Disorders , Adjustment Disorders/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Child Abuse, Sexual , Chile , Comorbidity , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Statistics , Hospitals, State , Outpatients , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Con el fin de conocer la prevalencia de las dermatomicosis y de las micosis ungueales se evaluaron clinica y micologicamente en dos oportunidades 213 hombres jovenes que estaban recibiendo entrenamiento en una escuela de policia. El estudio inicial se hizo al ingreso a la escuela en abril de 1988 y en el se encontro que 126 individuos tenian algun tipo de micosis superficial y que las dermatofitosis constituian el 65.5% de las 200 lesiones diagnosticadas. Los agentes mas frecuentes de dermatofitosis fueron: T. mentagrophytes y E. floccosum. Tambien se encontraron: candidiasis, trichosporiasis, pitiriasis, infecciones mixtas e infecciones por hongos ambientales. Se prescribio tratamiento topico convencional a todos los individuos afectados. Cuatro meses despues de la encuesta inicial, inmediatamente antes del egreso, se llevo a cabo un segundo estudio de caracteristicas similares; en esa oportunidad se incluyeron los 145 individuos que aun permanecian en la escuela; en 105 de ellos se comprobo algun tipo de micosis superficial, con un total de 185 lesiones; se hallaron las mismas entidades que en el primer estudio y nuevamente predominaron las dermatofitosis cuya causa mas frecuente fue el E. floccosum seguido por el T. mentagrophytes. Se obtuvieron muestras de diferentes areas humedas de uso comun, como banos, vestier y piscina; de ellas se aislaron T. rubrum y T. mentagrophytes. Ademas de la alta prevalencia inicial de dermatofitosis y micosis ungueales, reveladora de la importancia de estas enfermedades en las comunidades de origen, los resultados del ...
In order to determine the prevalence of dermatomycosis and ungueal mycosis, we studied 213 young men who were enrolled at a police academy. They received both clinical and mycological evaluation on two separate occasions, the first one at the time of admission In apr1l1988; at this point we found that 126 of them (59.2%) had some type of superficial mycosis and that dermatophytosis represented 65.5% of the 200 lesions observed. The most frequent causative agents were: T. mentagrophytes (30.5%) y E. floccosum (18.3%). Candidiasis, trichosporiasis, pitiriasis, mixed infections and infections caused by environmental fungi were also found. AII received conventionaliocal therapy. Four months later, just before the end of their training, the 145 that were still at the academy were evaluated for the second time. In 105 of them (72.4%), some type of superficial mycosis was diagnosed, for a total of 185 lesions. Findings were similar to those of the first evaluation with dermatophytosis predominating (63.8%). E. floccosum was found in 27.1 % and T. mentagrophytes in 14.4%. Samples were also obtained from public areas specially moist ones like showers, vestiers and swimming pool and from them T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were isolated. Besides the high initial prevalence of dermatomycosis and ungueal mycosis which reveal their importance in the environment of people evaluated, our study allows us to postulate that special conditions tied to policemen training (Intense physical exercise, sweating, insufficient drying after shower, boot wear), favor occurrence and persistence of these mycosis