ABSTRACT
Due to potent bactericidal activity and low rate of drug-resistance, daptomycin is recognized as first line antibiotic to treat serious infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. However, the incidence of daptomycin resistance is increasing due to its widespread application. Alteration of cell wall homeostasis and membrane phospholipid metabolism is involved in daptomycin resistance. The unique mode of action underlying daptomycin resistance in important pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci, is presented in this paper.
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The experimental teaching of Pharmaceutical Technology plays a critical role in improving the students' knowledge conversion,application,and innovation abilities in pharmaceutical engineering specialty.According to the problems existing in experimental teaching process,exploration and practice on the case teaching method and the student-centered teaching mode are introduced in this paper.The implementation of the teaching reform can effectively combine pharmaceutical technology theory with practice,and is conducive to the professional development of pharmaceutical engineering in our university.
ABSTRACT
Background:Epigastric pain syndrome( EPS),a subtype of functional dyspepsia,is commonly seen in clinical practice,and severely affects patients’quality of life. Aims:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of flupentixol and melitracen combined with proton pump inhibitor on EPS and its influence on psychological status and sleep quality. Methods:A total of 118 EPS patients from Jan. 2013 to June 2014 at Huangpi District People’s Hospital were enrolled, and were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Patients in control group were given esomeprazole 20 mg/ d,while patients in observation group were given flupentixol and melitracen 10. 5 mg bid in addition to esomeprazole,the treatment course were both for 8 weeks. Psychological status,quality of sleep and clinical therapeutic efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results:Four or 8 weeks after the treatment,anxiety,depression,sleep quality and clinical symptom were significantly ameliorated than before treatment in both two groups(P < 0. 05),while anxiety,depression and clinical symptom in observation group were significantly better than those in control group(P <0. 05). Therapeutic efficacy in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(94. 9% vs. 79. 7% , P < 0. 05). No severe adverse reactions were found in both two groups. Conclusions:Flupentixol and melitracen combined with esomeprazole can effectively ameliorate anxiety and depression,and improve the therapeutic efficacy in EPS patients.
ABSTRACT
New antibiotics with novel modes of action and structures are urgently needed to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Bacterial signal peptidase I (SPase I) is an indispensable enzyme responsible for cleaving the signal peptide of preprotein to release the matured proteins. Increasing evidence suggests that SPase I plays a crucial role in bacterial pathogenesis by regulating the excretion of a variety of virulent factors, maturation of quorum sensing factor and the intrinsic resistance against beta-lactams. Recently, breakthrough has been achieved in the understanding of three-dimensional structure of SPase I as well as the mechanism of enzyme-inhibitors interaction. Three families of inhibitors are identified, i.e. signal peptide derivatives, beta-lactams and arylomycins. In this article, we summarize the recent advance in the study of structure, activity and structure-activity relationship of SPase I inhibitors.
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Secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi are important sources of new drugs, and their biosynthetic processes are regulated by numerous factors. Recent studies indicate that many filamentous fungal secondary metabolites are regulated by epigenetic modifications, which not only affect the titers of secondary metabolites, but also activate the cryptic gene clusters. This review summarizes recent advances of epigenetic application in filamentous fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis, especially the types of fungal epigenetic modification and epigenetic remodeling of the fungal secondary metabolism. The application of epigenetic theory in filamentous fungi is becoming a new strategy for fungal strain improvement and a powerful method to obtain novel natural products.