Antiapototic effect of captopril in cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats

Aim of the work: captopril protects against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicitity; however its potential modulatory effect on hemeoxygenase [HO]-1, antioxidants, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers has not yet been verified

Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control [saline], cisplatin [5 mg/kg; i.p], and captopril [60 and 100 mg/kg] given 5 days before and after cisplatin [5 mg/kg; i.p] treatment

Results: Five-day pre- and post-treatment with captopril [60 and 100 mg/kg; i.p], for a total of 10 days, dose dependently, reduced blood urea nitrogen, as well as serum creatinine and gamma glutamyl transferase, but serum albumin and total protein levels were increased. Captopril restored renal pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance by activating glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and boosting the renal glutathione content. These effects were accompanied by the reduction in serum and/or renal HO-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, nitric oxide, endothelin-1 and caspase-3. Microscopically, captopril especially at 100 mg/kg dose level, prevented cisplatin-induced degenerative changes and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney

Conclusion: captopril protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic potentials

Protective effects of onion oil and selenium against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats

Nephrotoxicity is an inherent of certain anticancer drugs. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of onion oil and selenium against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Cisplatin [5 mg/kg, i.p.] caused significant increases in serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total sodium and potassium excreted in urine, urine volume and lipid peroxides measured as the malondialdehyde content of kidney, with significant decreases in serum total protein, creatinine clearance, reduced glutathione content of kidney and kidney superoxide dismutase activity as compared to the control group. On the other hand, administration of onion oil [100 mg/kg, p.o.] or selenium [1 mg/kg, p.o.] for 14 days with a single cisplatin dose on the 10[th] day ameliorated the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by the restoration of kidney function and oxidative stress biomarkers. Onion oil and selenium showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Amelioration of carbendazim-induced testicular dysfunction by vitamin E and pumpkin seed oil in rats

Carbendazim, a carbamate fungicide, is one of the most widespread environmental contaminant of major concern to human and animal reproductive health. The present study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorating effect of vitamin E and Pumpkin seed oil on carbendazim-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. Safety profile of vitamin E and pumpkin seed oil was firstly examined on normal rats and found to be safe on all the examined parameters. Adult Sprague dawley male rats were used in this study. Carbendazim [100 mg/ kg] was administered alone or combined with either vitamin E [200 mg/ kg] or pumpkin seed oil [40 mg/ kg] for 48 successive days. Carbendazim exposure significantly reduced the weights of testes, prostates and seminal vesicles. Also, serum testosterone, sperm count, motility and viability were diminished. The incidence of sperm abnormalities and testicular cholesterol content, were markedly elevated. In addition, carbendazim caused oxidative stress as observed by elevation of malondialdehyde [MDA] and lactate dehydrogense [LDH]. The antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase [-SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSHPX] and glutathione [GSH] were also reduced. Carbendazim also produced marked histopathological changes including degeneration of most seminiferous tubules with absence of spermatogenic series in tubular lumen in the testis. Co-administration of either vitamin E or pumpkin seed oil with carbendazim significantly ameliorated most of these deleterious effects where weights of testes, prostates and seminal vesicles were regained. They also elevated serum testosterone level, sperm count, sperm motility and sperm viability. Furthermore, administration of vitamin E and pumpkin seed oil with carbendazim reduced the incidence of sperm abnormalities and nearly normalized the testicular cholesterol content, They also reduced the oxidative stress caused by carbendazim which was associated with normal histopathological features of the testis

Influence of pre-exposure to chlorpyrifos on the experimentally induced hyperlipidemia and its management with an antihyperlipidemic drug

Hyperlipidemia has long been suspected to contribute to atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis related diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Tyloxapol [Triton WR 1339] is anon-ionic detergent. It blocks plasma lipolytic activity, and thus the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Fenofibrate is mainly used to reduce cholesterol levels in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Chiorpyrifos is a toxic crystalline organophosphate insecticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase and is used to control insects and pests. This work aimed for studying the influence of short term daily oral administration of a chlrorpyrifos insecticide on the induction of experimental model of hyperlipidemia induced by tyloxapol [triton WR 1339]. 80 Sprague Dawley female rats of 110-200 gm body weight were used in this study. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were withdrawn after fasting for 18 hour for the analysis of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein. The results showed that Tyloxapol single oral dose induced significant increase in the total lipids, and high density lipoprotein, while it caused a significant decrease in the low density lipoprotein level. Repeated oral administration of chlorpyrifos caused significant increase of the triglycerides level and significant decrease of low density lipoprotein. Treatment of rats by single oral dose of fenofibrate caused a significant decrease in triglycerides value and an insignificant decrease in the low density lipoprotein level. Tyloxapol [surfactant] and chlorpyrifos [insecticide] altered lipid content and lipoprotein composition and consequently dramatic and sharp changes in the levels of lipid profiles were obtained. Treatment by hypolipidemic fenofibrate single oral dose was found to decrease each of total lipids. triglycerides. cholesterol. HDL and LDL cholesterols. Compared to insecticide plus tyloxapol mixed treatment. Attention should be paid to the possible toxic interaction between organophosphate insecticide and persons who are at high risk of blood lipids abnormalities

possible effect of ginger against Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in male rats

Ginger, a herbal product with broad anti inflammatory actions, is used as an alternative medicine in a number of inflammatory conditions. Confirmation of this contribution was sought in this study in Sprague-Dawley rats [140 +/- 30 g] treated with a single injection [0.1 ml of 0.5mg/ml of a commercial preparation of Freund's complete Adjuvant [FCA] to induce mono-arthritis in intra-planters in right hind paw. Before induction of arthritis by one week, each rat [in the prophylactic group] received a daily oral dose of ginger tea with a dose of 500mg/Kg, and after induction of arthritis by two days, each rat [in the treatment group] received a daily oral dose of ginger tea with a dose of 500mg/Kg. This confirmation was done by evaluating RBCs count, WBCs count, platelets count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit%, albumin level, alkaline phosphatase concentration, reduced glutathione concentration [GSH], plasma malondialdehyde concentration [MDA], superoxide dismutase concentration [SOD], body weight change, paw thickness, serum level of immunoglobulin G and Histopathological study of the soft tissue and the hard bony tissue. Within 2 days of FCA injection, the control group produced maximum edematous swelling of the paw that was sustained nearly up to the end of the investigation period. But, ginger, both in prophylactic and treated groups, significantly lower magnitudes of unsustained swelling of the paw during the investigation period. Also in ginger prophylactic and treated groups significant increase in body weight compared to arthritic group. Here, ginger prophylactic and treated groups showed remarkable improvement in the haematolgical parameters compared to arthritic group. There was significant increase in albumin level, significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase concentration, significant increase in reduced glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase concentration and significant decrease in plasma malondialdehyde concentration in ginger prophylactic and treated groups compared to arthritic group. Histological results showed moderate improvement, against arthritic effect of FCA, either as treatment or as prophylactic. From these results, it is concluded that ginger can protect and reduce the inflammatory and oxidative responses produced in a FCA mono-arthritic model of rats

Influence of linolenic [omega 3] and linoleic [omega 6] poly unsaturated fatty acid containing oils on an experimentally induced model of atopy

Atopy or atopic syndrome is an allergic hypersensitivity reaction affecting nose, eyes, skin, and lungs. In the typical Western diet, 20-25-fold more omega-6 [linoleic acid] than omega-3 [linolenic] polyunsaturated fats are consumed. The Mediterranean-style diet high in alpha linolenic acid [ALA] has been shown to markedly reduce the recurrence rate after a first myocardial infarction. Epidemiologic studies have also shown that a higher intake of ALA protects against fatal ischemic heart disease and is associated with a reduced prevalence of coronary artery disease in both men and women. The aim of this work is to study the effect of short term daily oral feeding with diet containing linseed oil [omega-3, alpha linolenic acid] or sunflower [omega-6, linoleic acid] on the experimentally induced model of atopy in rats. 60 male Sprague Dawlley rats were divided into three equal groups. The first group is the control group where the animals were fed with normal diet, the second group was fed with diet containing 5% linseed oil for 28 days and the third group was fed with diet contains 5% sunflower oil for 28 days. Blood samples were taken at the day for the determination of the total number of oesinophils. While the animals were under the same condition of diet feeding, animals of each group were vaccinated by i.p. injection with 0.1 ml sterile saline solution containing 150 ng of Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine five times! week for another 28 days. Blood samples were withdrawn two times per week from each group of animals to follow up the changes in the eosinophils number. The results showed that linseed containing diet sharply decreased the peripheral number of circulating eosinophils, while sunflower containing diet significantly increased this number. Also the observed changes in the eosinophils number, due to repeated allergen challenge by Hiberix vaccine in the linseed group of animals, were always below the free fat diet control values, and in some cases the decrease was significant while sunflower oil containing diet can increase their numbers. This work showed that manipulation of dietary fat can modulate the clinical response of atopic disorders

possible anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of linseed oil

Inhibition of angiogenesis has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Linseed oil is a popular dietary factor in some parts of the world. It contains significant amount of a linolenic polyunsaturated fatty acid [omega 3]. The present study aims at studying the possible anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of linseed oil using different experimental animal models. Female Sprague Dawely rats were divided into two main groups. Control animals were kept on feeding by normal control diet while the treated animals were fed a diet containing 5% linseed oil for 30 days. At the 31[st] day, animals of each group were subdivided into 3 subgroups and subjected to the following animal models: 1-Rat paw edema model. 2-Cotton pellet granulation tissue model. 3-Air pouch carrageenan induced model. Results showed that linseed oil induced a significant decrease in the pouch fluid volumes and in the total leucocytic count in the pouch fluid. It also induced a significant decrease in the angiogenesis in the granulation tissue. These findings suggest that linseed oil may have some anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties

Influence of physical exercise on the anti- inflammatory. action of diclophenac sodium in female rats

Inflammation is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to the harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Regular exercise offers protection against all causes of mortality, primarily by protection against cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. This work aimed for studying the effect of short term daily exercise [15 min free swimming/day for seven days] on experimentally induced models of inflammation [rat paw edema and carrageenan soaked sponge models]. 80 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two equal main groups, untrained sedentary rats and trained rats [where animals were subjected to physical exercise as free swimming]. 24 hours after the last training, animals of each main group were subdivided into two subgroups, where each subgroup was subjected to one of the models mentioned before and the pharmacological action of diclophenac sodium under these conditions was estimated. Results showed that exercise significantly increased rat paw edema weight and that diclophenac sodium significantly decreased the inflammation induced both in normal and trained animals. To the contrary, exercise significantly decreased exudates volumes and number of leucocytes infiltrate in the carrageenan soaked sponge model. Administration of diclophenac sodium significantly reduced the exudates volumes and number of leucocytes in normal untrained rats only. The results will be discussed in view of the roles of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as the difference in the two models used

possible protective effect[s] of linseed oil against nephrotoxicity of some drugs

Linseed oil is a popular dietary element in Egypt It was found to decrease hepatic toxicity and acute lethality of acetaminophen and to decrease renal toxicity induced by gentamycin or acetaminophen [Metwally et al, 2001]. The present work aims for studying the possible protective effect[s] of linseed oil against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin [anticancer], cyclosporine [immunosuppressant], as well as streptomycin [amino glycoside antibiotic]. Adult male Sprague Dawely rats were fed daily by either control diet [control rats], or diet containing 5% linseed oil for 15 days. Twenty four hours later, animals of each group were subdivided into 4 subgroups and treated as follows: control [drug free], cisplatin [4mg/kg i.p. X 1 day], cyclosporine [50mg/kg orally X 6 days] or streptomycin [800mg/kg i.p. X 6 days]. Seven days after administering the first dose of the nephrotoxic agents the following parameters were assessed: serum creatinine and urea, glomerular filtration rate, urea clearance, serum and urine sodium and potassium as well as specific gravity and urine volume. Kidney histopathology and relative weights were evaluated. The results showed that linseed oil causes pronounced protective effect against streptomycin nephrotoxicity, slight protection against cyclosporine and very slight protective effect against cisplatin treated animals. The obtained results will be discussed in view of the possible impacts on eicosanoids and throinboxane synthesis