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2.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(1): e20200992, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133334

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (tomatillo or Husk tomato) is one of the five major vegetables cultivated in Mexico, but its yield in the field is low. However, greenhouse crops and the enhancement in plant density can promote an increase in yield per area. The aim of this research was to evaluate: yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of variety husk tomato 'Diamante'. The experiment was conducted under field and greenhouse conditions, during the two crop cycles (autumn-winter and spring-summer), with different planting densities (1.5, 2 and 3 plants m-2), in complete random blocks and three replications. The yield was influenced by the planting density and environments. In both environments, the planting density, with 3 plants m-2 increased yield 32 %, and 25% in water use efficiency (WUE). In greenhouse increased 32% yield m-2 and the WUE it was 18.1 kg m-3 while in the field was 16.4 kg m-3. Crop cycle spring-summer produced differences of 27% in plant length and 15% in stem diameter, probably due to the temperature that was 4 ºC higher with respect to autumn-winter.


RESUMO: Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (tomatillo ou tomate de cáscara) é um dos cinco principais vegetais cultivados no México, mas seu rendimento no campo é baixo. No entanto, as culturas em estufa e o aumento da densidade das plantas podem promover um aumento no rendimento por área. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar: rendimento, consumo de água e eficiência no uso da água do tomate de casca de variedade 'Diamante'. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo e casa de vegetação, durante os dois ciclos de cultivo (outono-inverno e primavera-verão), com diferentes densidades de plantio (1,5, 2 e 3 plantas m-2), em blocos aleatórios completos e três replicações. O rendimento foi influenciado pela densidade e pelos ambientes de plantio. Nos dois ambientes, a densidade de plantio, com três plantas m-2, aumentou a produtividade em 32% e em 25% na eficiência no uso da água (WUE). Em casa de vegetação aumentou 32% do rendimento m-2 e o WUE foi de 18,1 kg m-3, enquanto no campo foi de 16,4 kg m-3. O ciclo da safra primavera-verão produziu diferenças de 27% no comprimento das plantas e 15% no diâmetro do caule, provavelmente devido à temperatura 4 ºC maior em relação ao outono-inverno.

3.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 9(2): 98-103, abr. 30, 2020. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151857

ABSTRACT

Evaluate the effect of a synbiotic on salivary viscosity and buffer capacity. Materials and Methods: A follow-up one-week study was performed on 24 healthy volunteers in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, during July 2017. Volunteers must have had active tooth decay at the moment of study. All 24 patients were given a Lactiv® probiotic package, advising not to modify usual oral hygiene practices, and were followed up during 6 days. Primary output variable was salivary viscosity while the secondary was salivary buffer capacity. Salivary viscosity was assessed by using an Ostwald Pipette and buffer capacity with bromocresol purple. Results: A total of 8 male patients (33.3%) and 16 females (66.6%) patients were included, with an average age of 10.92 years. All the volunteers completed the study. Comparisons between pre- and post-treatment showed a decrease in salivary viscosity, while buffer capacity was showed to increase. Conclusion: The use of a synbiotic during a short period of time lowered the viscosity of saliva and increased salivary buffer capacity.


Evaluar el efecto de un sinbiótico sobre la viscosidad salival y la capacidad de tampón de la saliva. Materiales and Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de seguimiento de una semana en 24 voluntarios sanos en San Luis Potosí, México, durante julio de 2017. Los voluntarios cursaban caries dental activa en el momento del estudio. Los 24 pacientes recibieron un paquete de probióticos Lactiv®, fueron aconsejados a no modificar las prácticas habituales de higiene oral, y fueron seguidos durante 6 días. La variable primaria fue la viscosidad salival mientras que la secundaria fue la capacidad tampón. La viscosidad salival se evaluó usando una pipeta Ostwald y capacidad tampón con bromocresol púrpura. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 8 pacientes varones (33,3%) y 16 mujeres (66,6%), con una edad promedio de 10,92 años. Todos los voluntarios completaron el estudio. Las comparaciones entre el pretratamiento y el postratamiento mostraron una disminución de la viscosidad salival, mientras que se demostró que la capacidad del tampón aumentó. Conclusión: El uso de un sinbiótico durante un corto período de tiempo mostró un efecto sobre la disminución de la viscosidad y el aumento de la capacidad del tampón salival.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Saliva/drug effects , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Synbiotics , Viscosity , Treatment Outcome , Dental Caries , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Mexico
4.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(9): e20190921, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133312

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The diversity of chilis in Oaxaca is one of the most extensive in Mexico. Growers select seeds in the traditional manner; information on its quality is unknown. The aim of this research was to compare the physical and physiological quality of seeds and seedlings of three native types to chili (Huacle, De agua and Pasilla) and of the commercial Green pepper as control. Fifteen variables were evaluated in seed and twelve in seedlings. The laboratory experiments were established under a completely randomized design. Means of the variables were compared using the Tukey test (α=0.05). Results showed that Pasilla chili had the highest values in seed size and weight, which was 1.44 g heavier than the control and 2.09 to 3.73 g higher than native types. Haucle chili and green pepper had a 90% germination rate, while chili De agua and Pasilla chili had germination rates of 51 and 38%, respectively. Huacle chili had the highest germination rate index (29.89) and seedling vigor index (992.25). The top highest values of number of normal seedlings were obtained in the control and Huacle chili seedlings (72 and 88%); also, the latter had the longest plumule (3.36 cm) and radicle (7.67 cm) values. Both Huacle and Pasilla chili seedlings had larger values in height, stem thickness, number of leaves, leaf area and slenderness index than De agua and Green pepper. Huacle chili had good physical and physiological quality similar to the seeds of the commercial Green pepper.


RESUMO: Oaxaca é umas das regiões de maior diversidade de espécies de pimentas do México. Os agricultores selecionam sementes da maneira tradicional; informações sobre sua qualidade são desconhecidas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes e mudas de três tipos nativos de pimenta (Huacle, De Agua e Pasilla) e pimenta verde comercial como controle. Quinze variáveis foram avaliadas em sementes e doze em mudas. As experiências de laboratório foram estabelecidas sob um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As médias das variáveis foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (α=0.05). Os resultados mostraram que o Pasilla apresentou os maiores valores em tamanho e peso de sementes, 1,44 g mais pesado que o controle e 2,09 a 3,73 g maior que os demais tipos de pimenta nativa. A pimenta Huacle e a pimenta verde tiveram 90% de germinação de 90%, enquanto que De Agua e Pasilla foi de 51 e 38%, respectivamente. A pimienta Huacle apresentou os maiores índices de taxa de germinação (29,89) e de vigor de plântulas (992,25). Os maiores valores máximos no número de mudas normais foram obtidos no controle e na pimenta Huacle (72 e 88%). Além disso, este último apresentou os maiores valores de plúmula (3,36 cm) e radícula (7,67 cm). As mudas do Huacle e Pasilla apresentaram maiores valores em altura, espessura do caule, número de folhas, área foliar e índice de esbelto em relação à pimenta, De agua e ao controle. O Huacle apresentou boa qualidade física e fisiológica, semelhante às sementes da pimentão comercial.

5.
Duazary ; 16(2,n.esp): 103-123, 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1051066

ABSTRACT

Se planteó como objetivo describir el estigma familiar percibido por los cuidadores primarios de personas con enfermedad mental, para lo que empleamos como metodología un estudio de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, basado en la fenomenología eidética, en donde se describió de forma detallada la experiencia de vida frente al estigma de la enfermedad mental percibida por el cuidador primario, buscamos revelar, describir e interpretar el fenómeno. Fueron entrevistados en profundidad 14 cuidadores primarios de pacientes con la técnica de punto donde se presentó la saturación de datos cualitativos, fueron analizados estableciendo categorías y subcategorías que permitieron identificar claros patrones de estigma el estigma experimentado y el estigma por asociación, el estudio se desarrolló en una Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud mental. Podemos concluir que se logran identificar claros patrones de estigma asociados a una condición mental, estos patrones son percibidos por el cuidador principal del paciente con dicha alteración; esto abre la puerta a nuevas preguntas relacionadas con los alcances que tiene el rechazo social que sufren las familias y pacientes que adolecen alteraciones mentales; por lo tanto esta problemática deberá ser objeto para continuar con investigaciones de este fenómeno.


The objective was to describe the family stigma perceived by the primary caregivers of people with mental illness, for which we used as a methodology a descriptive exploratory study, based on the eidetic phenomenology, where the life experience was described in detail. To the stigma of mental illness perceived by the primary caregiver, we seek to reveal, describe and interpret the phenomenon. Fourteen primary caregivers of patients were interviewed in depth with the point technique where the saturation of qualitative data was presented, they were analyzed establishing categories and subcategories that allowed to identify clear patterns of stigma, stigma experienced and stigma by association, the study was developed in a Institution that provides mental health services. We can conclude that it is possible to identify clear stigma patterns associated with a mental condition, these patterns are perceived by the main caregiver of the patient with said alteration; this opens the door to new questions related to the scope of the social rejection suffered by families and patients who suffer from mental disorders; therefore, this problem should be the object to continue with investigations of this phenomenon.


Subject(s)
Social Stigma
6.
Duazary ; 16(2,n.esp): 280-292, 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1051510

ABSTRACT

El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el grado de sobrecarga y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los cuidadores primarios informales de pacientes con esquizofrenia. Se propuso estudio de tipo descriptivo observacional. Fueron encuestados 131 cuidadores con la escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit, y el Test SF-36. Se analizó la asociación entre variables; además del nivel de significación. En los resultados se identificó el 94,8% de los cuidadores se encuentran entre los grupos de edades de 19 a 68 años, el género que más aporta al cuidado es femenino con el 63%, se evidencia que el 63% de los cuidadores se encuentran en algún grado de sobrecarga (32% ligera) (31% intensa), la calidad de vida del cuidador en la función física obtuvo las puntuaciones más altas, junto con la dimensión de salud general, seguidas por la vitalidad y la salud mental con las puntuaciones más bajas. Podemos concluir el ejercicio del cuidado de un paciente con esquizofrenia representa un cambio en la calidad de vida del cuidador y este se encuentra directamente relacionado con el grado de sobrecarga asociado al cuidado.


The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of overload and quality of life related to the health of informal primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. An observational descriptive study was proposed. A total of 131 caregivers were surveyed with the Zarit overload scale and the SF-36 test. The association between variables was analyzed; in addition to the level of significance. In the results we identified 94.8% of the caregivers are among the age group of 19 to 68 years, the gender that contributes most to care is female with 63%, it is evident that 63% of the caregivers are in some degree of overload (32% light) (31% intense), the quality of life of the caregiver in physical function obtained the highest scores, along with the general health dimension, followed by vitality and mental health with the scores lower. We conclude the exercise of caring for a patient with schizophrenia represents a change in the quality of life of the caregiver and this is directly related to the degree of overload associated with care.


Subject(s)
Quality of Life
7.
Rev. medica electron ; 40(4): 968-977, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-961272

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la educación del hipertenso es un elemento primordial para elevar el conocimiento sobre hipertensión arterial, su control y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: aumentar conocimientos sobre Hipertensión Arterial a hipertensos y contribuir a elevar el control. Materiales y métodos: intervención educativa dirigida a hipertensos en Escuelas para Hipertensos, con un programa educativo y ejercicios físicos. Se seleccionaron dos muestras de 350 hipertensos antes y después de la intervención, aplicándose un cuestionario de 14 preguntas sobre temas de hipertensión arterial. Se realizaron 3 análisis: proporción de hipertensos con 8 y mas respuestas correctas, proporción de cada pregunta con más de 75% de respuestas correctas y proporción de hipertensos aprobados (70 puntos de 100). Test estadísticos, Chi2, valor p. Resultados: post-intervención, con los 3 análisis los hipertensos aumentaron los conocimientos con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, p<0,05. Conclusiones: fue efectiva la intervención aumentando los conocimientos y el control de los hipertensos (AU).


Introduction: education of patients with hypertension is a primordial element to elevate the knowledge on HBP, its control and the quality of life. Objective: to rise the knowledge of the HBP patient and its control. Materials and methods: educational intervention to the patients through the Schools of HBP, with an Educational and physical exercises Program. Two samples before and after the intervention were selected (350 patients). A questionnaire of 14 questions on topics of HBP applied. Three analysis were carried out: Proportion of patients with 8 and more correct answers, proportion of each question with more than 75% of correct answers, and proportion of approved patients (70 out of 100). Statistical Test, Chi2, p value. Results: post-intervention, knowledge increased according to test with statistically significant differences. p<0,05. Conclusions: the intervention was effective. Rise the knowledge of HBP and controlled patients (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Hypertension/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Education/methods , Observational Studies as Topic
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(4): 557-559, July-Aug. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957448

ABSTRACT

Abstract Chagas disease is a chronic parasitological disease, which could cause cardiac manifestations in approximately one-third of affected individuals. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are used to treat this parasitological infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Conventionally, the criterion for cure is consistently negative serological tests after treatment. We report a case of a patient who was treated when she was 13 years old and achieved T. cruzi negative seroconversion but developed Chagas disease cardiomyopathy as an adult.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Recurrence , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Disease Progression , Middle Aged , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use
9.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 48(11): e20180044, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045018

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Physalis ixocarpa (husk tomato) is traditionally cultivated in Mexico, and nowadays the yield is low. In this study, four cultivars of husk tomato were evaluated, under greenhouse and field conditions. It was carried out a split-plot experimental design in a 4x2 factorial arrangement. The large plot was the growth conditions and the small plot was the variety. The microclimate, soil and yield variables were recorded. In the field, the Integrated Photosynthetic Active Radiation (IPAR) was higher 12mol m-2 d-1 than in the greenhouse. The average temperature was slightly higher 1.18°C in the greenhouse and the average relative humidity was slightly higher 0.89% in the field. Plants grown in the greenhouse had lower negative values for the matric potential of the soil. Water consumption and water use efficiency were 10.31 and 53.43% higher in the greenhouse that in the field, respectively. The number of fruits and yield increased significantly in all varieties grown under greenhouse conditions.


RESUMO: A Physalis ixocarpa (Tomate de cáscara) é cultivada tradicionalmente no México. Entretanto, sua produtividade de frutos é considerada baixa. Neste estudo, avaliou-se quatro cultivares de Physalis ixocarpa cultivadas em ambiente protegido e a céu aberto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas com arranjo fatorial 2x4. Foi alocado na parcela principal o fator ambiente de cultivo e na subparcela o fator cultivar. Foram analisadas variáveis climáticas de solo e a produtividade de frutos. A radiação fotossinteticamente ativa integrada (RFAI) no ambiente a céu aberto foi maior em 12mol m-2 dia-1, em relação ao ambiente protegido. A temperatura média foi ligeiramente maior em 1,18oC no ambiente protegido e a umidade relativa foi ligeiramente maior em 0,89% a céu aberto. Os valores negativos do potencial mátrico do solo foram mais baixos no ambiente protegido. O consumo e a eficiência do uso da água foram, respectivamente, 10,31 e 54,43% maiores no ambiente protegido, em relação ao ambiente a céu aberto. O número e a produtividade de frutos incrementaram, significativamente, em todas as variedades avaliadas nas condições de ambiente protegido.

10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(9): 1222-1225, set. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830632

ABSTRACT

Portosystemic shunts are rare vascularization disorders, and an uncommon cause of confusional states. We report an 87-year-old male with a previously normal cognitive status who was repeatedly admitted for sudden symptoms of disorientation and functional limitation. The patient had high ammonium levels which lead to the suspicion of the presence a portosystemic shunt, even in the absence of pre-existing liver disease. A contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed the presence an abnormal communication of the right portal vein with the suprahepatic veins. The communication was embolized and the confusional states of the patient subsided.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Portal Vein/abnormalities , Confusion/etiology , Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging , Portography/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Ammonium Compounds/blood
11.
Rev. medica electron ; 38(4): 553-564, jul.-ago. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-791583

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la educación del hipertenso y del equipo de salud son elementos primordiales para el mejor control de la hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: elevar los pacientes controlados al 70 %. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico cuasiexperimetal. La intervención se dirigió a médicos de familias, grupos básicos de trabajo, comunidad e hipertensos. Se seleccionaron dos muestras (350 hipertensos diferentes), antes y después de la intervención, realizándose encuestas, mediciones con comparaciones de resultados; test estadístico: Chi2, Odds ratio, valor p. Resultados: los hipertensos controlados y adherencia al tratamiento aumentaron, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, p<0,05. No hubo diferencias entre los 5 medicamentos más utilizados. En la postintervención, presentaron asociación estadística significativa con hipertensos controlados: adherencia al tratamiento, dieta baja en sal y grasa, consumo de frutas y vegetales, y no fumar. Las medias de presión diastólica, sistólica y las complicaciones disminuyeron, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, p<0,05. Conclusiones: aumentaron los hipertensos controlados y se lograron mejoras en la calidad de vida de los hipertensos.


Background: the education of the hypertensive patient and the health team are important elements for the better control of arterial hypertension. Objective: increasing controlled patients to 70 %. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental epidemiologic study was carried out. The intervention was headed to family physicians, basic work teams, the community and hypertensive patients. Two samples were chosen (350 different hypertensive patients), before and after interventions, applying interviews, measuring with results comparisons, statistical tests: Chi2, Odds ratio and P value. Outcomes: The controlled hypertensive patients and treatment adherence increased, with significant statistical differences, p<0.05. There were not differences between the five most used medications. In the post-intervention period, treatment adherence, low salt and fat diet, fruits and vegetables consumption, and no smoking showed significant statistic association with controlled hypertensive patients. The average diastolic and systolic pressure and complications decreased, with significant statistical differences p<0.05. Conclusions: The controlled hypertensive patients increased and the life quality of the hypertensive patients improved.

12.
Rev. medica electron ; 36(2): 171-180, mar.-abr. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-711080

ABSTRACT

Se realizó la descripción de una intervención integral dirigida a médicos de familias y grupos básicos de trabajo, en consulta externa, a la comunidad y a los hipertensos del Policlínico Héroes del Moncada, del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se consignaron los temas que se impartirán a los médicos de familia y a los grupos básicos de trabajo, según la guía del Programa de Hipertensión Arterial. Se señalaron los acápites que deben ser llenados en la historia clínica y las acciones a desarrollar por el médico de familia en la consulta externa del hipertenso. Se expresaron las actividades y el procedimiento de intervención en la comunidad, así como la metodología y el programa para llevar a cabo en las escuelas de hipertensos.


We described an integral intervention directed to family physicians and basic work groups in external consultation, to the community and hypertensive patients of the Policlinic Heroes del Moncada, carried out from January 1st to December 31st 2013. The themes taught to family physicians and basic work groups were identified taking into account the Arterial Hypertension Program guidelines. We indicated the items of the clinical record that should be filled out and the actions the family physician should develop in the hypertensive patient external consultation. We explained the activities and the intervention procedure in the community, and also the methodology and program to develop in the hypertensive patients’ schools.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Education as Topic , Health Education , Hypertension/prevention & control , Physicians, Family/education
13.
Rev. medica electron ; 34(6): 686-695, nov.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-659603

ABSTRACT

El punto de contacto de mayor importancia entre la psiquiatría y la ley lo constituyó el peritaje psiquiátrico, que intenta esclarecer a través de un conjunto de pruebas el estado mental de un sujeto determinado, con el aporte de elementos científicos concretos al tribunal sobre fenómenos psíquicos, mediante la investigación de la personalidad de los mismos. En esta ocasión se presenta el caso de un individuo masculino, de 30 años de edad, a quien se le realizó un peritaje médico legal tras cometer un delito de asesinato, evidenciándose incapacidad de adoptar normas de convivencia adecuadas al medio sociocultural en el que se desarrolla, con valores morales y éticos prácticamente nulos. Durante la investigación salieron a relucir características de la personalidad disocial del acusado que hicieron posible que cometiera un acto delictivo cargado de gran teatralidad y riqueza imaginativa, en busca de convertirse en centro de atención de lo que para sí mismo constituía un suceso de gran connotación social.


The most important contact point between psychiatry and law is the psychiatric expertizing, intending to elucidate the mental status of certain subject through a whole of proofs, with the usage of concrete scientific elements on psychical phenomena, investigating his personality. In this case, we present the case of a male individual, aged 30 years, subject of a medico-legal expertise after committing a murder, evidencing his incapacity for adopting norms of common life adequate to the socio-cultural environment in which he lived, showing lack of moral and ethic values. During the investigation there arose many characteristics of the dissocial personality of the accused making it possible the commission of a criminal act laden of great theatricalism and imagination richness, looking for attention for what he thought was an act of great social connotation.

14.
Interciencia ; 34(6): 419-423, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630750

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó la diversidad serológica y genética de cepas de Salmonella spp. aislada de campos de cultivo de melón Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) y cilantro (Coriandrum sativum). Para identificar al patógeno se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas, serología, susceptibilidad a antibióticos y caracterización por PFGE. Se encontraron 11 muestras contaminadas de los campos de cilantro y 7 de los de melón. Se aisló Salmonella anatum y S. give, principalmente. Solo una de las cepas presentó resistencia a tobramicina. El PFGE mostró que cepas del mismo serogrupo, produjeron patrones electroforéticos similares y el análisis polifásico desplegó cinco grupos distintos con similitud menor al 35%. Es necesario intensificar las buenas prácticas agrícolas y de producción, ya que los serogrupos identificados han sido involucrados en brotes epidémicos. Por otro lado, el análisis polifásico mostró variabilidad genómica y además permite suponer que las cepas de S. give son clonales, no así para S. anatum, que estuvo presente en diferentes muestras.


The serological and genetic diversity of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) fields were evaluated. Biochemical test, serology, antibiotic resistance and PFGE were performed to identify isolated strains. Eleven contaminated samples from coriander fields were found, and seven from melon fields. The serogroups identified were mainly Salmonella anatum and S. give. Only one strain was resistant to tobramicyn. PFGE showed five electrophoretic profiles, in agreement with the identified serotypes and in the polyphasic analysis five clusters were observed (<35% similarity). It is necessary to implement good agricultural and production practices, since identified serogroups have been involved in epidemic outbreaks. Moreover, the polyphasic analysis showed genomic variability and also suggests that strains of S. give are clonal. It is not the same for S. anatum strains, which were isolated from different samples.


Avaliou-se a diversidade sorológica e genética de cepas de Salmonella spp. isolada de campos de cultivo de melão Cantalupo (Cucumis melo) e coentro (Coriandrum sativum). Para identificar ao patógeno foram realizadas provas bioquímicas, sorologia, suscetibilidade a antibióticos e caracterização por PFGE. Encontraram-se 11 amostras contaminadas dos campos de coentro e 7 dos de melão. Isolou-se Salmonella anatum e S. give, principalmente. Somente uma das cepas apresentou resistência à tobramicina. O PFGE mostrou que cepas do mesmo sorogrupo, produziram padrões eletroforéticos similares e a análise polifásica desprendeu cinco grupos distintos com similitude menor a 35%. É necessário intensificar as boas práticas agrícolas e de produção, já que os sorogrupos identificados têm sido envolvidos em surtos epidêmicos. Por outro lado, a análise polifásica mostrou variabilidade genômica e além disso permite supor que as cepas de S. give são clonais, não sendo assim para S. anatum, que esteve presente em diferentes amostras.

15.
Repert. med. cir ; 18(4): 246-250, 2009.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-552234

ABSTRACT

El propósito es conocer el significado de cuidado humanizado en egresadas de la facultad de enfermería de la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, para que a través de sus directivos, docentes y estudiantes se unifique para conceptualizarlo y asumirlo. Se realizó un estudio fenomenológico dentro de un diseño cualitativo mediante la aplicación de una guía de observación estructurada y una entrevista a profundidad, a cinco egresadas de la Facultad de Enfermería que laboran en el área clínica del Hospital de San José. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, luego transcritas y clasificadas en categorías de análisis mediante unidades de significación. Pudo concluirse que el cuidado humanizado significa una atención integral teniendo muy en cuenta la parte humana del paciente, afirman que debe brindarse independiente de que la persona esté sana o enferma y además consideran que es sentir sin involucrarse con el enfermo, permitir la expresión de sentimientos de la persona a quien se cuida y respetar su entorno familiar y personal.


The purpose of this paper is to understand what humanized care means to graduates of the school of nursing of the Health Sciences University Foundation, in order to unify, conceptualize and assume this concept through managerial personnel, faculty and students. A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out using a structured observation guide and an in-depth interview applied to five female graduates of the nursing school who work at the clinical area of the San José Hospital. Interviews were recorded, and then transcribed and categorized by units of meaning. It could be concluded that humanized care is to deliver comprehensive care placing special emphasis on the human aspects of individuals. They state it should be offered to all regardless if they are healthy or ill and they also consider it is to feel for the patient without getting involved allowing the individual to express his/her feelings showing respect for his/her family and personal settings.


Subject(s)
Humanization of Assistance , Nurse-Patient Relations , Nursing Care/trends , Education, Nursing
16.
Rev. medica electron ; 30(6)nov.-dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548189

ABSTRACT

Se hace una revisión de la importancia de la comunicación en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje desde el punto de vista del enfoque histórico-cultural de Vigosky, el cual plantea que el conocimiento se da a través de una relación sujeto-sujeto en el proceso de comunicación y como el papel del profesor no puede ser sustituido ni por los más modernos ordenadores, pues el proceso cognoscitivo está y estará indisolublemente ligado a procesos afectivos, ya que el profesor no debe ser un mero transmisor de información, sino propiciador de intercambio y de interacciones e influencia mutua. En particular la comunicación afectiva resulta imprescindible para un adecuado proceso de aprender a aprender.


We made a review of the importance of communication in the teaching-learning process from the Vigosky´s historic-cultural point of view, stating that knowledge is transmitted through a subject-subject relation during the communication process, and that the role of the teacher cannot be substituted even not for the most modern computers, because the cognoscitive process is and is going to be indissolubly linked to affective processes. The teacher should not be only a simple information spreader, but a facilitator of an interchange, an interaction and mutual influence. On the whole, affective influence is indispensable for an adequate process of learning to learn.


Subject(s)
Humans , Affect , Learning , Communication , Teaching , Interpersonal Relations , Cohort Studies
17.
Rev. medica electron ; 30(6)nov.-dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548192

ABSTRACT

La Pedagogía Tradicional ha basado sus métodos en el aprender diciendo, donde el profesor desempeña el rol principal como comunicador de conocimientos. No obstante, en los últimos años cada vez aparece más información sobre el aprender haciendo donde la dinámica principal se basa en el alumno. La universalización de la enseñanza superior que se lleva a cabo en Cuba hace necesario superar el modelo tradicional y por otra parte existe la imposibilidad de tener contacto con los pacientes, lo que hace imprescindible llevar a cabo técnicas de aprender haciendo con métodos innovadores. Se realiza una investigación aplicada con utilización de técnicas cualitativas para evaluar la apreciación de los educandos acerca de la técnica participativa integradora utilizada, siendo evaluada por la mayoría como más ventajosa y que permite la consolidación de conocimientos y facilita las relaciones interpersonales y el trabajo grupal.


The traditional pedagogy has based its methods in learning talking, where the professor has a main role as knowledge communicator. But there is more and more information on the learning talking published during the last years, where the main dynamic is based on the student.The high teaching universalization process that it is being carried out in Cuba now, makes it necessary to surpass the traditional model and there is the impossibility of taking contact with the patients, making it unavoidable to developed new techniques of learning doing with innovative methods. We made an applied investigation using qualitative techniques to evaluate the appraisal of the used integrative participative technique by students. Most of the students though it is the most advantageous, allows the consolidation of knowledge and facilitates the interpersonal relations in the group work.


Subject(s)
Problem-Based Learning , Practice, Psychological , Psychology/education , Interpersonal Relations , Applied Research , Qualitative Research
18.
Rev. medica electron ; 30(5)sept.-oct. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532227

ABSTRACT

La formación de las nuevas generaciones debe considerar los retos de la vida actual, en un mundo unipolar y globalizado, donde, al tener en cuenta el desarrollo social alcanzado, se manifiesta cada vez más la necesidad de que la preparación de nuestros futuros profesionales y generaciones en general nos compromete a reflexionar como educadores cuáles son los propósitos que nos trazamos. El ideario martiano y los principios de la Revolución Cubana abogan por un ser social con principios éticos y morales, tenidos en cuanta éstos, en el perfil del profesional, que dará como resultado un egresado capaz de tener valores, conocimientos, no sólo desde el punto de vista académico, sino capaz de interactuar en la sociedad y en el medio donde se desempeñe como profesional. La Concepción y Metodología de la Ecuación Popular nos aporta herramientas que parten del principio dialéctico de la relación teoría-práctica, sustentando un enriquecimiento de la práctica y un profesional capaz de interactuar como sujeto de saber y poder. Por ello apuesta a la emancipación, la iniciativa y creatividad intelectual y al desarrollo de poderes antihegemónicos, permitiendo reafirmar la visión del perfil del egresado como integradora e interdisciplinaria, nutrirse permanentemente de la realidad y de su valoración colectiva y participativa, lo que genera el compromiso por el cambio en los intentos por acercarnos a un egresado que cumpla los reclamos de la sociedad actual...


The formation of new generations should consider the challenges of current life, in a global, unipolar world, where, having into account the social development reached, grows the necessity of preparing our future professionals and new generations in general, leading us to consider as educators which are the purposes we have to follow. José Martí ideas and the principles of Cuban Revolution advocate for a social being with ethic and moral principles, that have to be taking into account in the professional's profile, and will give as a result, a graduated able of having values, knowledge, not only from the academic point of view, but also able of interacting in the society and the settings where he/she works as a professional.The Conception and Methodology of Popular Education give us tools based on the dialectic principles of the relation theory-practice, supporting an enrichment of the practice and a professional able of interacting as a subject of knowledge and power. For that reason it wages intellectual emancipation, initiative and creativity and the development of antihegemonic power, allowing to reaffirm the vision of the graduated profile as integrative and inter matters, to feed back permanently from the reality and from its collective and participative valuation; this generates the commitment for the change in our purposes for having a graduated fulfilling the demands of current society.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Planning , Universities , Cuba
19.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 8(2): 5-15, Dic. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-479165

ABSTRACT

Los sistemas integrados de tratamiento de aguas residuales buscan la disminución de materias orgánicas y nutrientes, además de la reutilización de los subproductos generados en el proceso. Para complementar la eficiencia de remoción de nutrientes del actual tratamiento de las aguas residuales de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Bucaramanga se construyó un modelo piloto integrado con Spirodela sp., el cual fue evaluado para medir la eficiencia en remoción de nutrientes (nitrógeno y fósforo), coliformes totales y fecales, con diferentes alturas de lámina de agua; los resultados reportaron eficiencias hasta de 77.07 por cien para nitrógeno amoniacal, 97.10 por cien fósforo total, 98.56 por cien coliformes fecales y 96.4 por cien coliformes totales.


Subject(s)
Wastewater/analysis , Contaminant Removal , Water Purification
20.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 7(1): 27-31, Ene.-Abr. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-969719

ABSTRACT

Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal comparativo durante el periodo comprendido del 10 de abril al 30 de septiembre de 1995, en el Hospital General de Zona con Unidad de Medicina Familiar Núm. 1 y Unidad de Medicina Familiar Núm. 11, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Tapachula, Chiapas, con la finalidad de identificar los factores relacionados con el abandono del tratamiento en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar. Se determinó que había abandono de tratamiento antituberculoso después de 15 días de ausencia a partir de la última cita programada a control clínico (bacteriológico y/o radiológico). A través de los registros de los Departamentos de Medicina Preventiva se identificaron 41 pacientes con abandono de tratamiento y 41 con cumplimiento regular del mismo. Finalmente fueron analizados 37 con abandono y 41 con cumplimiento. Los factores relacionados con el abandono fueron: ser trabajador del campo, aseguramiento al régimen eventual, más de un año de evolución de la enfermedad, antecedentes de alcoholismo, desconocimiento de la enfermedad y sus repercusiones. En lo que se refiere a los servicios de salud, se encontró abastecimiento insuficiente de medicamentos en ambas unidades y una información incorrecta a los pacientes por parte del personal. Con base en estos resultados, se propone el reforzamiento de la supervisión del programa, así como la capacitación del personal responsable.


It was carried out a transversal comparative study during the period from April to September 1995 at the Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar number 1 and Unidad de Medicina Familiar number 11 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Tapachula, Chiapas, with the purpose of identifying the factors related with the abandon of the treatment in patient with lung tuberculosis (TBP). The subjects of study were patients with lung tuberculosis diagnosis. It was taken as abandon the interruption of the treatment for fifteen days and more, according to the established in the technical norm for the prevention and control of lung tuberculosis. At the services of Preventive Medicine were identified 41 patient with abandon of treatment and 41 with regular treatment with the is diagnosis. The analysis was carried out on 37 and 41 patients with abandon and fulfillment treatment, respectively of the studied population. The related factors of abandon of treatment were: being land worker, with a incidental insurance regime, with more than one year of evolution of the illness, with a positive alcoholic background, ignorance about the disease and its complications. To that who refers to the service factors, it was found an insufficient supply of medicine specially antifimics in both units as wells as incorrect information being given by the health personnel, it in base to these outputs we propose, the reinforcement of the supervision of the program, and capacitation to the responsible personnel.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Therapeutics , Tuberculosis , Health Services Administration , Treatment Outcome , Health Services , Hospitals, General , Hospitals, Public , Mexico
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