Potential protective role of vitamins C and E administration on renal and retinal toxicity induced by organophosphorus compound chloropyrifos

The potential protective role of combined administration of vitamins C and E was sought to ameliorate the toxicity of chloropyrifos [organophosphorus compound]. Biochemical and histological effects were studied on blood, kidney and retina of rats. 40 Wistar strain rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I was the control group which received an equivalent volume of saline i.m and i.p daily for 7 days; group 11 was the model of toxicity which was induced by an oral administration of a single dose of 63mg/kg chloropyrifos dissolved in corn oil; group III was the model of toxicity treated daily for 7 days a single I.M. injection of vitamin C and I.P injection vitamin E and group IV was the positive control which received the vitamins without any toxicity induction, blood samples were taken at the 7[th] day of experiment, then erythrocytes reduced glutathione [GSH], serum malondialdehyde [MDA] and soluble FAS ligand [sFASL] concentrations were tested. The animals were then sacrificed and specimens of kidneys and retinas were collected and processed for paraffin sections and semithin sections to be examined by light microscope. The biochemical parameters showed significant improvement after vitamin C and E administration also the histological pictures of kidneys and retinas were improved as compared to the toxicity model rats. Combined administration of vitamins C and E can reduce oxidation, apoptosis and histopathological changes of kidney and retina induced by organophosphorus compound chloropyrifos toxicity

Role of some biochemical changes in congenital cataract

This study was done on 25 infants with congenital cataract aging 3-18 months and their parents. Another group of 14 infants of same age with no ophthalmic and/or congenital diseases were included as control group with their parents. All cases and their parents were examined clinically and ophthalmologically. Levels of galactose, serum sodium and potassium were determined. A significant elevation was found in blood galactose, in infants with congenital cataract as compared with control group, while no significant changes in blood galactose levels of their parents as compared with parents of control group. Significant elevation of serum sodium in infants with congenital cataract as compared with control group, while no significant change in serum sodium levels of their parents as compared with parents of control group. Significant decrease of serum potassium infants with congenital cataract as compared with control group, while no significant change in serum potassimn levels of their parents as compared with parents of control group. Early valuable genetic counseling, with estimation of galactose, sodium and potassium are recommended. Infants with congenital cataract had different etiological causes, so not all cases need restriction of milk and milk products. Parental estimation of galactose, sodium and potassium had no value

When can carnosine be the magic stick for lead-induced tissue damage? A toxicological biochemical histological study on albino rats

This study aimed at the assessment of the possible level of defence line of carnosine in chronic lead exposure. Evaluation of the possible relation of antioxidants and other functioning enzymes versus chronic lead exposure is also to be percussed. For this purpose, the study included two parts: Part [1]: was performed to deduce the correlation between the dose of carnosine and the different biochemical parameters measured in the studied tissues; Part [2]: was a long term study in which [56] male Wistar albino rats, divided into [6] groups, eight in each group: Group [1]: Negative control; Group [2]: Rats were treated with carnosine in a dose of 0.05 mg/g rat; Group [3]: Rats were treated with carnosine in a dose of 0.12 mg/ g rat; Group [4]: Comprised rats treated with lead acetate in a dose of [0.01 mg/g rat]; Group [5]: Included rats treated with lead [0.01 mg/g rat] and carnosine [0.05 mg/g rat]; Group [6]: Included rats treated with lead [0.01 mg/g rat] and carnosine [0.12 mg/g rat]. Treatment was performed daily for 6 days/ week for 5 months. The neural [brain] and visceral [heart, kidneys and liver] tissues were collected and different biochemical variables were determined; as well as a histological examination. In all the studied tissues, carnosine would only act as a free radical scavenger in the low dose only; and it could be used as an adjuvant in a low dose with chelating agents, since it cannot chelate lead in the brain tissue. Renal impairment was most probably a direct action of carnosine in a high dose on renal tissue, rather than being a result of lead intoxication. On the other hand, when carnosine was given in a small dose, it acted as a free radical scavenger. In the liver, carnosine in a small dose could not act as a chelator for lead, while in a high dose, it acts as a chelating agent. On the contrary, in a small dose, carnosine acts as a free radical scavenger but not in the high dose. Overall, carnosine cannot prevent the production of free radicals but can scavenge them only in a small dose

Effect of passive smoking and familial essential hypertension on vitamins and lipid profiles in children

In this study we examined the effect of passive exposure of children with a family history of essential hypertension [CFHEH] to tobacco, on the lipid profite, vitamin E [Vit. E] and vitamin C [Vit. C]. This study was carried out on 39 passive smoker children of fathers with essential hypertension of both sexes [18 females and 21 mates], their ages ranged from 8-13 years. A group of 15 healthy children [7 females and 8 males] with the same age range and with no history of any disease was included as control group. Serum total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, high density Iipoproteins [HDL], low density lipoproteins [LDL], Vit, E and Vit, C were estimated in serum. A highly significant decreased in the levels of serum Vit. C and Vit. E [0.2 micro g/dt +/- 0.3 11 and 2.45 mg/dl +/- 0.152], respectively as compared to the control children [0.291 pg/dl +/- 0.113 and 3.491 mg/dl +/- 0.141], a significant increase in serum level of triglycerides and cholesterol in passive smoking children of fathers with family history of essential hypertension [250.34 mg/dl +/- 2.345 and 180,5 mg/dl +/- 3.45], respectively, as compared to the control children [152.75 mg/dl +/- 4.61 and 80.794 mg/dl +/- 4.9], respectively. No significant changes in the level of total lipids and HDL-cholesterol in passive smoking children of fathers with familial hypertension [589.833 mg/dl +/- 12.5 and 69.941 mg/dl +/- 5, 34], respectively, as compared to the control children [558.47 mg/dl +/- 13.8 and 63.333 mg/dl +/- 4.5], respectively. fidso, a significant increase in LDL-cholesterol in passive smokers of children of fathers with familial hypertension [52,323 mg/dl +/- 3.42] as compared to control children [31.666 mg/dt +/- 2.5]. It was concluded that passive smoking and a positive family history of essential hypertension are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases