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In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new de novo infectious disease, was first identified in Wuhan, China and quickly spread across China and around the world. The etiology was a novel betacoronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Lu et al., 2020). On Mar. 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19 as a global pandemic. As of Mar. 22, 2020, over 292 000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported globally. To date, COVID-19, with its high infectivity, has killed more people than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) combined (Wu and McGoogan, 2020).
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , China , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Fever/virology , Lymphocyte Count , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Thoracic , SARS-CoV-2 , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective: To construct the cell models of TNF-α rs1800620 (SNP1) and TNF-α rs4645843 (SNP2) stable transgen-ic lines and study the effects of SNPs on the content of TNF-α in LX-2 cell line. Methods: TNF-α SNP1/TNF-α SNP2 mutant plasmid was synthesized by wild-type TNF-α targeting and then transfected into LX-2 cell line after lentivirus packaging. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α in each recombinant cell. Results: The gene sequencing showed that plasmids were successfully constructed. Photographs from an inverted microscope showed that the recombinant cells had stable expres-sion of GFP. The results of RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that compared with the wild group, SNP1 and SNP2 could significantly reduce the mRNA (P<0. 05) and protein (P<0. 05) levels of TNF-α. Conclusion: The recombinant cells stably expressing TNF-α/TNF-α SNP1/TNF-α SNP2 LX-2 are constructed. SNP1 and SNP2 can significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α in LX-2 cell line.
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Examination and assessment of target organ toxicity in toxicologic pathology of preclinical safety evaluation of drugs should combine the results of the gross pathology,histopathology and clinical pathology examination data in a well-considered,stepwise approach.In addition,the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria recommended by INHAND should be used to avoid subjective and inappropriate diagnosis.In this paper,we briefly introduced the basic principles for the examination of organ toxicity in toxicology studies,gross pathology,histopathology,diagnostic approach,procedures,and considerations,international harmonization of diagnostic term and criteria,clinical pathology parameters analysis,results of a well-concerted combination of anatomical and clinical pathology data so as to provide some reference for the examination and assessment of target organ toxicity in toxicologic pathology in the field ofpreclinical safety evaluation of drugs in China.
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Computerized system has been played an increasingly important role in preclinical safety evaluation of drugs and has been used directly or indirectly for data acquisition,processing,reporting as well as raw data storage.However,the computerized system has not been widely used in facilities for preclinical safety evaluation of drugs or only some functions of modules of computerized system have been used.Based on the current application status of the computerized system in the facilities for preclinical safety evaluation of drugs in China,this paper briefly introduced the following aspects about validation of computerized system,such as GLP regulatory requirements of validation of the computerized system,validation process of the computerized system,maintenance of validation state of the computerized system,safety precautions of performance of the computerized system,as well as electronic records and electronic signatures with the purpose to provide some references for carrying out and speeding up the validation of computerized system and to further improve the efficiency of the computerized system in facilities for preclinical safety evaluation of drugs in China and to be in line with international practice.
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Toxicologic pathology plays an important role in the safety evaluation of drugs.The results of toxicologic pathology can answer the basic problems of pathological lesions such as location,severity grading,nature and prognosis,etc.Necropsy and gross pathology examination are important aspects of toxicologic pathology assessment.Procedures typically include preparation for the necropsy,euthanasia procedures,identification and recording all gross lesions,collection of tissues listed in the study protocol,determination of organ weight,as well as tissue fixation so as to be ready for the subsequent tissue processing and histopathology examination.All the procedures must be done in a consistent manner and in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOPs).The present paper briefly introduced the principles of necropsy and gross pathology examination for toxicologic pathology in order to standardize the procedures and to lay foundation for the improvement of the histopathology examination in the field of preclinical safety evaluation of drugs of China.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus Huayu Paishi Decoction (stagnation- eliminating and stone-removing decoction) in treating nephrolithiasis of qi and blood stagnation type.Methods Sixty patients with nephrolithiasis of qi and blood stagnation type were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The treatment group received acupuncture plus oral administration of Huayu Paishi Decoction and the control group, oral administration of Huayu Paishi Decoction alone. The symptoms and signs were scored and renal hydrops was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. Results The total efficacy rate was 76.7% in the treatment group and 56.7% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the symptom and sign scores in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in pre-/post-treatment symptom and sign score difference values between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in renal hydrops volume in the treatment group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in pre-/post-treatment renal hydrops volume difference value between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture plus Huayu Paishi Decoction is an effective way to treat nephrolithiasisi of qi and blood stagnation type. It can markedly improve the clinical symptoms and reduce renal hydrops in the patients.
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Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital malformation of the neck. It is generally with non-specific symptoms. In our hospital, one case of laryngeal obstruction caused by giant thyroglossal duct cyst was cured, and this case was reported for reference.
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Humans , Airway Obstruction , Laryngeal Diseases , Thyroglossal CystABSTRACT
Background It has been reported that murine Müller cells conditional medium can promote the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the regeneration of axons,and the survival rate of RGCs improve in the optic nerve axotomy eyes with cataractogenic lens injury in vitro.However,the interaction of Müller cells with pricking of lens in protecting RGCs is unclear.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Müller cells on survival of RGCs in the optic nerve axotomy with cataractogenic lens injury.Methods Forty-eight clean adult Wistar rats were randomized into sham operation group,optic nerve axotomy group and lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy group.The optic nerve was exposed only in the rats of the sham operation group,optic nerve was completely transected at 3 mm behind the eyeball in the rats of the optic nerve axotomy group,and lens puncture and optic nerve axotomy were performed in the eyes of lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy group.The rats were sacrificed at day 7 and day 14 after operation to prepare the retinal specimens.The RGCs were examined and counted by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Müller cells labeled by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were counted using immunohistochemisty.Results The number of RGCs was (52.98 ± 1.90) /field and (51.81 ±3.09) /field on the 7th and 14th day in the sham operation group,without significant difference between them (t =0.910,P =0.378).The number of RGCs was significantly lower on the 14th day ([22.67±1.94] /field) than that of the 7th day ([36.61±1.69] /field) in the optic nerve axotomy group (t=15.312,P=0.000).Also,the number of RGCs was (50.76±2.77) /field and (35.69±1.80) /field on the 7th and 14th day in the lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy group,showing a significant difference between the two timepoints (t =12.920,P =0.000).In addition,the RGCs number in the lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy group was significantly higher than that in the optic nerve axotomy group both on 7 days and 14 days after operation (7 days:t =102.840,P =0.000; 14 days:t =164.020,P =0.000),and the number of RGCs was lower in the lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy group than that of the sham operation group on day 14 (t =187.040,P =0.034).None of GFAP-labeled Müller cell was seen in sham operation group at both on 7 days and 14 days after operation,but a significant difference was found in the optic nerve axotomy group between the two timepoints ([29.38 ± 2.04]/field vs.[19.07 ± 2.14]/field ; t =-9.868,P=0.000).No significant difference in the number of the GFAP-labeled Müller cells was found in the lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy group between 7 days and 14 days after operation([48.96±2.80] /field vs.[46.73±1.50]/field,t=1.987,P=0.067).In postoperative 7 days and 14 days after operation,the number of GFAP-labeled Müller cells increased in the lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy group compared with the optic nerve axotomy group (7 days:t =-15.997,P=0.000; 14 days:t=-29.938,P=0.000).Conclusions In optic nerve axotomy with cataractogenic lens injury eye,the punctural injury of lens induce the activity of Müller cells and further promote the survival of RGCs in the cataratogenic lens injury combined with optic nerve axotomy rat eyes.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of the early use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on the neurointelligence development in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-eight VLBWI were divided into rhEPO treatment group (n=35) and control group (n=43) according to the choice of their parents. Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was performed at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age. The Gesell Developmental Schedules were used for neurodevelopmental evaluation at 3, 6, and 12 months of corrected age. The abnormal rates of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and cranial ultrasound were evaluated at 6 months of corrected age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rhEPO treatment group had significantly higher NBNA scores at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age than the control group (P<0.05). The adaptability at 3 months of corrected age, the gross motor, adaptability, and sociability at 6 months, and the gross motor, adaptability, fine motor, sociability, and language at 12 months were significantly better in the rhEPO treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of ABR and cranial ultrasound in the rhEPO treatment group were significantly lower than in the control group at 6 months of corrected age (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early use of rhEPO can promote the early recovery of neurological symptoms and improve the cognitive, motor, and language abilities in VLBWI due to its protective effects on the nervous system.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Child Development , Erythropoietin , Pharmacology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Intelligence , Nervous System , Recombinant Proteins , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation between Chlamydia pneumonia (Cpn)infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 82 patients with acute exacerbation COPD (AE-COPD) or stabilized COPD patients at outpatient visits,in the People' s Hospital of Jiangyin city from Aug.2010 to May 2012,together with 46 cases having stationary phase COPD and 38 healthy volunteers as control group,were involved in this study.Patients were bled 2 ml,on the next day of hospitalization while patients at emergency room were bled 2 ml immediately,but bled again on the 15th day.Serum was separated through cryopreservation and the Cpn antibodies (IgG,IgM and IgA antibodies) were detected,under micro-immunofluorescence.Results In terms of IgG in the three groups,the positive rates did not show significant differences (P＞0.05) but the GMT of the IgG in the AE-COPD group was significantly higher (P＜0.01) than that in the control group.IgA positive rate among the three groups; AE-COPD appeared the highest.There was no significant difference between the AE-COPD group and stationary phase COPD group (P＞0.05),however,there were significant differences between the AE-COPD group,the stationary phase COPD group and the control group (P＜0.01).In terms of GMT of IgA in the three groups,there was significant difference between the AE-COPD group and stationary phase COPD group (P＞0.05),but with significant difference between the AE-COPD group and the control group (P＞0.01).There was significant difference between stationary phase COPD group and the control group (P＞0.05).When comparing both the rates of acute infection and chronic infection on the AE-COPD groups with the control group,there appeared significant differences (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).When comparing the acute and chronic infection between the stationary phase COPD group and the control group,the rate of acute infection did not show significant difference (P＞0.05) while the chronic infection rate appear to have had significant difference (P＜0.01).Conclusion Cpn infection seemed to be closely related to the development of COPD.
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Objective Establishing an employee satisfaction indicator system for tertiary hospitals in Beijing.Methods Evaluation indicators are built on theory research,and questionnaires are designed for survey.Such methods as principal component factor analysis,and verification factor analysis are called into play to test the construct validity and establish in the end the employee satisfaction indicators system.Results Such indicators comprise five grade-1 dimension and 34 grade-Ⅱ dimension,such as hospital management satisfaction indicator.Conclusion This self-designed scale ideally mirrors the employee satisfaction of tertiary hospitals in Beijing,proving the indicators to be objective and reasonable.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of vascular endothelial cell function and platelet activation in rabbit spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and their roles in the spinal cord injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabbit spinal cord I/R injury models were established using Zivin method, and the changes in plasma NO and GMP140 levels were dynamically monitored after the injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Plasma NO level increased significantly in the I/R group at the end of the ischemia, and reached the peak level at 2 h of reperfusion as compared to that in sham-operated group (P<0.01). Plasma NO level decreased at 6 h of reperfusion, but still significantly higher than the level in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Plasma GMP140 underwent no significant changes in the sham-operated group, but significantly increased in the I/R group at the end of the ischemia, followed by gradual declination to the normal level at 2 h of reperfusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Spinal cord I/R injury causes overexpressions of NO and GMP140, suggesting the involvement of endothelial cell injury and platelet overactivation in the pathological process and repair of spinal cord I/R injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Endothelial Cells , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide , Blood , P-Selectin , Blood , Platelet Activation , Reperfusion Injury , Blood , Pathology , Spinal Cord , PathologyABSTRACT
[Objective] To explore the effect of Hujin Granule on liver function and serum fiber index of rats with immune hepatic fibrosis.[Method] Make abdominal injection with pig serum to induce immune hepatic fibrosis model,make intervention with different dosages of the Granule,measure liver function with automatic bio-chemical analyzer,and test serum hepatic fibrosis index with radio-immune analyse.[Result] The AST,ALT,HA,LN,IV-C and PCⅢ contents in rats serum with hepatic fibrosis induced with pig serum rose obviously,the Granule had definite reversion to the indexes above and could raise albumin content in serum.[Conclusion] Hujin Granule has definite prevention to immune liver fibrosis,can reduce fibrosis degree,meanwhile effectively decrease liver cell injure and improve liver function.
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Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 (IGFBP7) was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma (CRC) and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sodium PCR (BSP), we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon1. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the functional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony formation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Genetics , Metabolism , Apoptosis , Genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Colorectal Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , DNA Methylation , Exons , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Transfection , Tumor Suppressor Proteins , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was designed to test whether transplantation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in New Zealand rabbits with myocardial infarction can improve heart function; and whether engrafted donor cells can survive and transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty milliliters bone marrow was obtained from healthy men by bone biopsy. A gradient centrifugation method was used to separate bone marrow cells (BMCs) and red blood cells. BMCs were incubated for 48 h and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The culture medium was changed twice a week for 28 d. Finally, hematopoietic cells were washed away to leave only MSCs. Human MSCs (hMSCs) were premarked by BrdU 72 h before the transplantation. Thirty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into myocardial infarction (MI) control group and cell treated group, which received hMSCs (MI+MSCs) through intramyocardial injection, while the control group received the same volume of PBS. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. Cell treated rabbits were treated with 5 x 10(6) MSCs transplanted into the infarcted region after ligation of the coronary artery for 1 h, and the control group received the same volume of PBS. Cyclosporin A (oral solution; 10 mg/kg) was provided alone, 24 h before surgery and once a day after MI for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was measured in each group before the surgery and 4 weeks after the surgery to test heart function change. The hearts were harvested for HE staining and immunohistochemical studies after MI and cell transplantation for 4 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our data showed that cardiac function was significantly improved by hMSC transplantation in rabbit infarcted hearts 4 weeks after MI (ejection fraction: 0.695+/-0.038 in the cell treated group (n=12) versus 0.554+/-0.065 in the control group (n=13) (P<0.05). Surviving hMSCs were identified by BrdU positive spots in infarcted region and transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes characterized with a positive cardiac phenotype: troponin I.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transplantation of hMSCs could transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes and regenerate vascular structures, contributing to functional improvement.</p>