ABSTRACT
Background and study aim: Colitis is a common complication after treatment with antibiotics such as beta-lactarns, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. Recently, Klebsiella oxytoca has been implicated in this type of diarrhoea. The prevalence and characterisations of K. oxytoca isolated from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea were investigated. The K. oxytoca isolates were also tested for cytotoxin production
Patients and methods: This study was conducted from May 2011 to Dec 2013. Faecal samples were collected from hospitalised patients receiving antibiotic treatment. Initial cultivation was performed on specific media. The clinical isolates were confirmed by poIymerasc chain reaction [PCR] using the specific K. oxytoca po1ygalacturonase [pehX] gene. The double-disc diffusion test was used to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL]-producing strains. Tracking of ESBL-encoding genes was performed via PCR. The organism was cultured on Hep-2 cell lines for cytotoxin production
Results: Out of 331 samples collected from patients, 40 were confirmed molecularly to be clinical isolates of K. oxytoca. Fourteen [35%] ESBL-producing strains were isolated using the double-disc diffusion method. Among the molecularly confirmed K. oxytoca isolated seven [17.5%] tested positive for the blaSHV gene, 12 [30%] for blaTEM, 10 [25%] for blaCTX-M, three [75%] for blaOXA, nine [22.5%] for blaCTX M-15, and seven [17.5%] for blaTEM-1. Five [12%] isolates showed cytotoxin activity below 30%, 12 [30%] strains showed moderate cytotoxin activity between 30% and 60%, and 23 [58%] strains showed cytotoxin activity >/=60%
Conclusions: the cytotoxin-producing K.oxytoca is found to be one of the causes of antibiotic-induced colitis. Discontinuing treatment and allowing normal intestinal flora to be established or prescribing appropriate medication after antibiogram can help patients with antibiotic-induced haemorrhagic colitis in a timely manner
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cyclosporin A [CYA] is a potent immunosuppressive drug widely used in transplant settings due to its specific inhibition of T-cell activation. Several Studies have reported the synergistic effect of CyA with hematopoietic growth factor in colony culture of mice bone marrow. We Studied the effect of IL-3, IL-6, SCF, CyA and nutrition medium [ condition medium - PHA] on the development of hematopoietic cells of human bone marrow because this unique cyclic endecapeptide has been successfully utilized in organ transplantation for graft rejection and graft versus host disease and also since CYA stimulates colony formation by hematopoietic cells in vitro
Material and Methods: Human bone marrow cells were taken from the posterior illiac crest of volunteer donors aged 5-35 years. Cells were cultured in complete culture medium [Containing 12.5% FCS 12.5% horse serum and 50 micromol Hydrocortisone with IL-3, IL-6, SCF and CY-A] on 24 -well microplates at 37 degree centigrade with 5% co2 for 4 week and colony culture was performed for 14 days in semisolid Agar medium .The cell count by light microscope and colony assay by inverted microscope were performed weekly for four weeks
Results: Long term bone marrow culture and semisolid agar culture stimulation with IL-3, IL-6 , SCF and CyA had two as much cloning efficiencies than that of parallel cultures without CyA and IL-3, IL-6 ,SCF in inducing proliferation and conservation of CFU - GM in Bone marrow culture. Culture inactive PHA- condition medium showed higher stimulation than active condition medium. Cloning efficiencies were calculated by mean mean colony number per medium and data were presented as comparison of mean colonies in CyA group to control group
Conclusion: Statistical analysis using the t-student test was performed to determine significance of differences between cultures in presence or absence of CyA. Consequently, these results show a direct positive effect of CyA on the signal transduction pathways in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
ABSTRACT
Caffeine, dose dependently can reinforce or deteriorate learning. In previous studies, the effect of glucose on decreasing of amnesia was investigated In this study, the effect of caffeine on three phases of learning and also probable interference of glucose in mice were examined by using of passive avoidance learning. Male albino mice were examined as follows I. test group: a] this group received electric shock and caffeine [25, 50, 100mg/kg] without dextrose regimen, b] this group received electric shock and caffeine with dextrose regimen, 2. Control group [saline]. In all groups, the latency period of moving from a cubic pla4om to the wire floor of apparatus in three steps was studied Data were analyzed by non- parametric Mann - Whitney U and Kruskall - Wallis H-tests. Differences between points of data were statistically considered significant at p<0.05. Caffeine in low dose [25 mg/kg] increased retention time in consolidation phase but in high dose [100mmg/kg] compared to other doses; it decreased the retention time in phase of learning. According to the results, the negative effect of caffeine in high dose on all phases of memory can be reversed with long-term dextrose regimen
ABSTRACT
Fully quantitative cytological techniques for the analysis of hematopoietic chimerism are very limited and are largely restricted to sex - chromosome detection after sex - mismatched bone marrow transplants [BMTs]. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the application of FISH technique in peripheral blood interphase nuclei of three patients who had received sex - mismatched bone marrow transplants. The FISH technique shows 40% to 85% [average 61%] chimerism in these patients. All the three studied patients having undergone bone marrow transplants have achieved complete remission now. Evaluation of mixed chimerism has potential applications in controlling self-reactions avoiding rejection of the transplant