Prevalence of hearing loss among community-dwelling older people in China in 2020 / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hearing loss among community-dwelling older people aged 60 and over, and also to compare the discrepancies between self-reported hearing loss and hearing loss diagnosed via audiometry.Methods:Subjects were from the Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for the Elderly in China(PINDEC)project.By using the stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 10 347 residents aged 60 years and over were selected from 12 counties and districts in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces and hearing function assessment was performed in 2020 through otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry and questionnaires.Hearing loss(HL)was defined by the World Health Organization criteria.Self-reported hearing loss was assessed by asking participants whether they had difficulty in hearing.The χ2 and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to analyze the differences in HL between different groups.The multivariate Logistic regression model was applied to assess factors influencing HL. Results:In 2020, the prevalence of HL among the elderly aged 60 and older in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces was 69.8%(95% CI: 68.9%-70.7%). The prevalence of HL in men was higher than that in women, and increased gradually with age.The prevalence of mild HL was 47.2%, and the prevalence of moderate, severe and profound HL were 18.0%, 3.6% and 0.9%, respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors positively correlated with HL were aging, male sex, living in rural areas and working in manual labor.Education level was negatively correlated with HL.Of the 7223 participants who were found to have HL, 5106(70.7%)self-reported having good hearing.Those of a younger age, with a higher educational achievement, having a spouse, or with mild HL were more likely to report having good hearing(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Hearing loss is quite prevalent among community-dwelling older people, and there is a large discrepancy in prevalence between self-reported HL and HL diagnosed via audiometry.Screening and comprehensive intervention for hearing loss for the elderly should be strengthened.

Prevalence of osteoporosis and related factors in postmenopausal women aged 40 and above in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the prevalence of osteoporosis and related factors in postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years in China and provide scientific evidence for osteoporosis prevention and control. Methods: Data of this study were from the 2018 China Osteoporosis Epidemiological Survey, covering 44 counties (districts) in 11 provinces in China. Related variables were collected by questionnaire survey and physical measurement, and the BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorption method. The prevalence of osteoporosis and its 95%CI in postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years were estimated with complex sampling weights. Results: A total of 5 728 postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years were included in the analysis and the prevalence of osteoporosis was 32.5% (95%CI: 30.3%-34.7%). The prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years were 16.0% (95%CI:4.5%-27.5%), 18.4% (95%CI:15.9%-20.8%), 37.5% (95%CI:34.5%-40.4%), 52.9% (95%CI: 47.5%-58.3%), and 68.0% (95%CI:55.9%-80.1%) respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher (P<0.001) in those with education level of primary school or below (47.2%, 95%CI: 43.0%-51.3%) and in those with individual annual income less than 10 000 Yuan, (40.3%, 95%CI: 36.9%-43.7%). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 35.1% in rural areas (95%CI: 32.0%-38.1%), which was higher than that in urban areas (P<0.001). The prevalence of osteoporosis in low weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 69.9% (95%CI: 59.0%-80.8%), 42.2% (95%CI: 38.7%-45.7%), 24.2% (95%CI: 21.3%-27.1%) and 14.6% (95%CI: 11.1%-18.0%), respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis in those with menstrual maintenance years ≤30 years and in those with menopause years ≥11 years were 46.1% (95%CI:40.8%-51.3%) and 48.2% (95%CI:45.0%-51.3%), respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age ≥60 years, education level of primary school or below, annual household income per capita less than 10 000 Yuan, low body weight, menstrual maintenance years ≤30 years, menopause years ≥11 years were risk factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in China. Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis was high in postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years in China, and there were differences in osteoporosis prevalence among different socioeconomic groups. Effective interventions should be taken for the prevention and control of osteoporosis in key groups in the future.

Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in China: lessons from the past three decades / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

In the past 37 years, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has undergone various major transmission routes in China, with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes, even the prevalence is still low. In response to the first epidemic outbreak of HIV in injecting drug users and the second one by illegal commercial blood collection, China issued the Anti-Drug Law and launched the Blood Donation Act and nationwide nucleic acid testing, which has avoided 98,232 to 211,200 estimated infections and almost ended the blood product-related infection. China has been providing free antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2003, which covered >80% of the identified patients and achieved a viral suppression rate of 91%. To bend the curve of increasing the disease burden of HIV and finally end the epidemic, China should consider constraining HIV spread through sexual transmission, narrowing the gaps in identifying HIV cases, and the long-term effectiveness and safety of ART in the future.

Development of Strain Loading Device for Adherent Cells in vitro / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a novel strain loading device for studying the mechanical biology of adherent cells. Methods Based on the technology of substrate deformation loading, the device adopted controllable stepper to cause deformation of the silastic chamber, so as to realize cell loading with multiple units and large strain. The device was developed to test its loading functions. The three-dimensional (3D) models of the silastic chamber were established to simulate the loaded chamber by the finite element technology, and uniformity of the strain field was analyzed. The device applied 5% strain to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with 0.5 Hz stretch frequency at 2 hours per day for 5 days, and an inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the morphology of BMSCs. Results The developed strain loading device for adherent cells in vitro could provide mechanical unidirectional strain up to 50% with three groups of cell loading substrates; within the 10% stain range, the area of uniform strain filed on the silastic chamber remained above 50%, which ensured that the cells were loaded evenly; the morphology of BMSCs was obviously altered, and the direction of arrangement tended to be perpendicular to the loading direction of principal strain. Conclusions The device shows the advantages of reliable operation, wide strain range, adjustable frequency and convenient operation. It can be used to load multiple cell culture substrates at the same time, which provides convenient conditions for the study of cell mechanobiology.

Risk factor and hepatitis B virus makers during the first trimester in villi tissues of HBsAg-positive pregnant women / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To determine whether intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in early pregnancy and to characterize associated virulence factors.@*Methods@#Villi tissues and blood samples of 45 HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women were collected during the first trimester and HBV DNA loads were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of GCM1, HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in villi tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method.@*Results@#Data from qRT-PCR showed that HBV DNA was detected in 14 of 45 villi tissues (positive rate of 31.11%), and 24 of 45 blood samples (positive rate of 53.33%), further statistical analysis showed that the positive rates of HBV DNA between blood samples and villi tissues were not significantly different (χ2=4.555, P=0.054). Among them, 12 samples were consistently positive between the villi and blood specimens, and HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBV DNA from peripheral blood in these pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the other women (P value was 0.007, 0.004, 0.000, and 0.000 respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood HBV DNA greater than 106 IU/ml was independently associated with HBV DNA positive in villi, and the HBsAg, HBeAg, villi tissues HBV DNA positive rates of these pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the other pregnant women (all P value were 0.000). Immunohistochemistry results showed that all 45 cases were positive for GCM1 expression in the cell nucleus. Nine cases also had HBsAg expression in the cytoplasm. Only one case was found to express HBV core antigen (HBcAg) in the nucleus.@*Conclusions@#HBV DNA and HBsAg can be detected from villi tissues harvested during the first trimester in HBsAg-positive pregnant women, and the results suggest an early occurrence of intrauterine infection of fetuses with high HBV levels.

Analysis of Volatile Components in Smilax Glabra Robx. and Its Adulterant / 中国药师

Objective: To analyze and compare the volatile components in Smilax glabra Robx. and its adulterant Smilax china L. . Methods: The volatile components in Smilax glabra Robx. and Smilax china L. were analyzed by head space solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS). The relative percentage of each component was calculated by area normalization method. Results: Totally 24 components were detected out from Smilax glabra Robx. , and among them, 20 components were identified, which accounted for 97. 04% of the volatile components. Totally 21 components were detected out from Smilax china L. , and among them, 15 components were identified, which accounted for 77. 76% of the volatile components. Conclusion: The composition and content of volatile components in Smilax glabra Robx. and its adulterant Smilax china L. are differ-ent. The method can provide scientific basis for the identification of Smilax glabra Robx. and its adulterants.

Risk Factors for Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection In Patients with Low Hepatitis B Viral Load

ABSTRACT Background. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the effect of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level on prognosis in low viral load (< 2000 lU/mL) patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Material and methods. A total of 192 patients with low viral load who had received curative resection of pathologically confirmed HCC were analyzed to determine the factors affecting prognosis. The risk factors for survival, early and late recurrence (2 years as a cut-off) were studied. Results. The median follow-up time was 38.5 months. The overall survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year after curative resection were 94.2%, 64.0%, and 45.2%, respectively. The cumulative recurrence rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year after curative resection were 22.4%, 46.5%, and 67.0%, respectively. Patients with high serum HBsAg levels (> 250 lU/mL) had significantly lower survival rates than those with low HBsAg levels (HR: 1.517,95% Cl: 1.005-2.292, P = 0.047). Stratified analysis showed that patients with high HBsAg levels had a significantly higher late recurrence incidence than those with low HBsAg levels (HR: 2.155, 95% Cl: 1.094-4.248, P = 0.026), but did not have a significantly higher risk of early recurrence postoperatively (HR: 1.320,95% Cl: 0. 837-2.082, P = 0.233). Multivariate analysis revealed that HBsAg > 250 lU/mL was an independent risk factor associated with late recurrence (HR: 2.109, 95% Cl: 1.068-4.165, P = 0.032). Conclusions. HBsAg > 250 lU/mL at the time of tumor resection was an independent risk factor for late recurrence in low viral load HCC patients.

Surveys in Areas of High Risk of Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Excess in China, 2012-2014: Current Status and Examination of the Relationship between Urinary Iodine Concentration and Goiter Prevalence in Children Aged 8-10 Years / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We aimed to evaluate goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status in areas with high levels of water iodine; to monitor the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in areas at high risk of IDD; and to compare the prevalence of goiter and urine iodine (UI) concentrations between children living in the two areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on surveillance from 2012-2014, we analyzed the concentration of UI and prevalence of goiter in 8-10-year-old children from 12 high-risk IDD provinces, and from 8 provinces and municipalities with excessive water iodine. We calculated goiter prevalence for each UI level according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards and constructed predictive prevalence curves.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The goiter prevalence and median UI of children from areas with high water iodine were not optimal, being above the WHO standards (5% and 100-199 μg/L, respectively), whereas those in high-risk areas fell within the standard. UI and goiter prevalence exhibited a U-shaped relationship in high-risk endemic areas and a parabolic relationship in areas of iodine excess.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Iodine surplus in high-iodine areas leads to high goiter prevalence and UI. However, in high-risk areas, UI was optimal and goiter prevalence met the national criteria for IDD elimination.</p>

Correlation of the inner diameter parameters of the spermatic vein in different positions and states of the varicocele patient with the results of seminal examination / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To study the correlation of the inner diameter parameters of the spermatic vein in different positions and states of the varicocele (VC) patient with the results of seminal examination.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 149 VC patients underwent ultrasonography, routine semen examination, and sperm morphological analysis. The parameters obtained from ultrasonography included the bilateral testis volume in a supine position, the largest spermatic vein diameter in a supine position at rest (DSR), the largest spermatic vein diameter in a supine position following Valsalva manoeuvre (DSV), the largest spermatic vein diameter in an upright position at rest (DUR), and the largest spermatic vein diameter in an upright position following Valsalva manoeuvre (DUV). Then we calculated the parameters △DS=DSV－DSR, △DU=DUV－DUR, △DR=DUR－DSR, and △DV=DUV－DSV and analyzed the correlation of the above parameters with the results of semen examination using the ROC curve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the results of semen examination, 119 (79.87%) of the patients were allocated to the abnormal group and the other 30 (20.13%) to the normal group. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in △DU (P=0.007), △DR (P=0.0001), and △DV (P=0.04), but not in DSR (P=0.35), DSV (P=0.34), DUR (P=0.06), DUV (P=0.12), and △DS (P=0.64), nor in the volume of the testis affected (P=0.323). The area under the ROC curve was 0.55 for DSR, 0.57 for DSV, 0.64 for DUR, 0.62 for DUV, 0.49 for △DS, 0.28 for △DU, 0.86 for △DR, and 0.69 for △DV. The corresponding cutoff values were 2.25, 2.51, 2.48, 2.63, 0.30, 0.23, 0.25, and 0.20, the corresponding sensitivities of semen detection were 50.42%, 65.55%, 60.50%, 60.50%, 49.90%, 29.41%, 79.83%, and 65.55%, and the corresponding specificities were 56.67%, 63.33%, 63.33%, 63.33%, 56.67%, 33.33%, 80%, and 63.33%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The difference between the largest spermatic vein diameters in supine and upright positions at rest provides a high diagnostic accuracy for semen detection and helps to predict abnormality in seminal examination for VC patients.</p>

Advance in modern studies on compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus / 中国中药杂志

In traditional clinical application, Coptidis Rhizome and Evodiae Fructus have been combined to treat various stomach heat and cold syndromes, gastritis, gastric ulcer and the like. With the application of modem instruments and the development of molecular pharmacologic theory, their chemical constituents and pharmacological effects have been sufficiently studied. In this paper, literatures from Pubmed were adopted, with particular emphasis on findings of international counterparts and studies on compatibility of main chemical components in Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus, in order to elaborate on the scientific comparability of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus through chemical analysis, and pharmacological and biopharmaceutics studies and introduce the future development trend of the studies.

Regulatory factor for AQP9 phosphorylation and the effect on As intake in mammal cells / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the regulation of p38 and PKC for water channel protein AQP9 and the effect on As intake in lour kinds of mammal cells, and to investigate the regulation mechanism of AOP9 phosphorylation. METHODS: p38, PKC protein and phosphorylation levels were analyzed by Western blotting, and phosphorylation level of AQP9 was detected by immuno-precipitation. Intracellular arsenic content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Experimental data were analysed by SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: p38 protein and phosphorylation levels increased significantly with time in four kinds of cells treated with NaAsO2, while no significant change had been observed in PKC protein and phosphorylation levels. AQP9 phosphorylation level was inhibited in L-02 cells when p38 activity was inhibited, and As accumulation also decreased significantly in L-02 cells. CONCLUSION: AQP9 phosphorylation has effect on As intake and rate. But the regulated mechanism may be different in different cells. p38 kinase attends partly AQP9 phosphorylation in liver normal cells L-02, PKC has no effect on AQP9 phosphorylation in all kinds cells used in this paper.

Digital orthopedic technology in the positioning of volar plate in distal radius fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Volar locking plate is the dominant treatment of distal radial fractures, but it is difficult to judge the distance between the plate position and the carpal articular surface, thus leading to screw penetration of the articular surface. Arthroscopy or operative perspective has their pros and cons, there is no simple and effective method of positioning the plate. OBJECTIVE:To find the optimal position of Volar LCP in distal radius fractures and explore the role of computer simulation in this treatment. METHODS:The CT data of the wrists in 20 adult patients were col ected to calculate 3D models of the radius by MIMICS software. 3D model of the LCP was calculated by UG in working station. The distance between the plate and the distal radius joint was measured by computer simulation, and the mean value was calculated. A total of 33 Patients with distal radial fractures were divided into two groups:conventional treatment group (regular X-ray and CT) and computer simulation group (preoperative plan based on the computer-measured data). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The safe distance between the screw center and the articular facet was 11.13 mm in males and 10.97 in females. The number of radiation and operating time were shortened significantly in computer simulation group (P<0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, computer simulation is a powerful tool to find the optimal position of volar LCP in the distal radius fractures. The time of the operation and X-ray fluoroscopy are also shortened significantly.

Level of plasma D-dimer in the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate the plasma D-dimer level in the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension and investigate their correlation.Methods Eighty-five subjects were divided into three groups according to clinical manifestation:control group:20 subjects ; type 2 diabetes mellitus group:21 subjects; type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension group:44 subjects.The level of plasma D-dimer was measured and the difference was compared between groups.The results were showed as mean ± sd,and the difference was compared using ANOVA Test ( SPSS13.0).Results The plasma D-dimer concentrations in normal control group was ( 102.15 ± 32.48 ) μg/L,in single type 2 diabetes mellitus was ( 148.62 ± 80.99 ) μg/L,while plasma concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension was ( 206.28 ± 92.99 ) μg/L.plasma D-dimer concentration was higher in single type 2 diabetes mellitus than that in normal control cases( P ＜0.05) ;And plasma D-dimer concentration was also found increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension when compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01 ) ;And there was also significant difference on plasma D-dimer concentration between single type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension cases ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The plasma levels of D-dimer was increased obviously in single type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension,it may be related to the imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolytic system.Monitoring of plasma D-dimer concentration in type 2 diabetes and patients with hypertension may have important clinical implications for the prevention of thrombotic diseases.

Analysis of relevant factors in patients with diabetic retinopathy / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the relevant factors of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods 400 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected,and the relevant factors with DR of type 2 diabetes were analyzed.Results The incidence of DR in type 2 diabetes was 49.0％.In type 2 diabetes when diabetes duration＞15 years,the incidence of DR was 84.7％,duration＜5-year incidence rate was 30.0％ respectively,there were significant differences(P＜0.05).Incidence rate in lower blood glucose group and poor glycemic control group were 38.1％ and 68.5％ respectively,and there was statistically difference(P＜0.05),and in normal blood pressure and well control group,the incidence rates were 44.1％ and 41.2％,which were significantly better than 80.0％ of poorly controlled hypertension group.Conclusion Duration of diabetes,glycemic control level,blood pressure,exercise,and regular schedule were related factors of DR.The most important thing of DR treatment and prevention was to control blood glucose.

Clinical analysis of mini-PNL and standard PNL for calculi within horseshoe kidney / 第二军医大学学报

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of mini-PNL and standard PNL in horseshoe kidney. Methods: A total of 14 patients with horseshoe kidney were offered PCNL from January 2007 to December 2010 in our department. The male/female ratio was 2.5(10/4). The mean age was 38 years (range 29-55). All underwent color Doppler sonography, plain x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder, intravenous urography and CT. The left-to-right ratio was 1.8(9/5). All 14 patients had multiple stones or complex renal calculi, including 1 with staghorn stones. Mean stone size was 4.2cm(2-6.5cm). 10 patients had a history of failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. All percutaneous renal surgery was performed in one session under ultrasonography guidance. Among the treatments, 4 were mini-PNL, 10 were standard PNLs. Results: All surgery was successfully performed in one session under ultrasonography guidance by F18 tract or F24 tract. The stone-free rate after one-session operation was 78.6%(11/14). mini-PNL group was 75%(3/4), while PNL group was 80%(8/10). 3 cases received ESWL to remove the residual calculi, no second-session operation. 9 were performed in one tract and 5 in two tracts. 9 in upper calix, 7 in middle and 3 in lower. Mean operative time was 112.5±67.5min, mini-PNL operative time was longer than that of standard PNL (135±45min vs102.5±75min, respectively). Conversely, there was an advantage for miniperc over standard PNL in terms of a significantly reduced hematocrit drop (2.8±0.4g/dl VS 4.2±0.8g/dl, respectively). No mini-PNL patients required blood transfusions, whereas 3 did in the standard PNL group. Postoperative rate of surgery-related infection was 14.4%(2/14). No pleural or abdominal injury occurred. Conclusion: Both treatments have their own advantage. Mini-PNL and standard PNL are both effective and safe for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.

Transplantation of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells to treat rat retinal degeneration / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the effects of subretinal transplantation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) on Sodium Iodate (SI)-induced retinal degeneration.Methods One hundred and twenty Brown-Norway (BN) rats were divided into three groups including SI injection group,rMSCs transplantation group and normal control group,each with 40 rats.The retinal degeneration was induced by caudal vein injection of SI.The retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and neural retinal were evaluated by ocular fundus photograph,fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA),electroretinogram (ERG) and histological approach,and TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling).CM-Dilprelabeled primary rMSCs were transplanted into the subretinal space of Sl-induced rats.The survival,integration,and differentiation of rMSCs were observed between 14 day to 60 day after the transplantation.Results The rat retinal function was gradually reduced afterl4 days of SI injection,with a time-dependent manner.After the RPE cells were damaged,the outer segments of photoreceptors became disrupted and shortened until karyopyknosis.The nuclear morphology and positive TUNEL labeling indicated that the death of photoreceptor cells was apoptosis.After rMSCs transplantation,CM-DiI labeled donor cells were observed to be scattered in the subretinal space and expressed RPE cell markers.Average amplitude of bwave and Ops (oscillation potential) in ERG improved 27.80%,59.38% respectively after rMSCs transplantation.Conclusions Transplanted rMSCs can survive in subretinal space and differentiate into RPE cells,thus cure SI- induced retinal degeneration.

Resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 + T lymphocytes in vitro from chinese HIV-1 exposed seronegative individuals / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESNs) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV primary isolates were obtained from peripheral whole blood of HIV-infected persons. CD4 + T lymphocytes of Chinese ESNs were separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with magnetic cell sorting (MACS). The purified CD4 + T lymphocytes were cocultured with HIV primary isolates. The p24 level was detected and the culture medium was refreshed every 3 days within 2 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For M tropic HIV strains, p24 level was significantly lower in ESN group than in control group (P < 0.05); for some M tropic HIV strains, even no p24 replicated in ESN group. However, T tropic virus strains had no significant difference between these two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD4 + T lymphocytes of Chinese ESNs may possess relative resistance to M tropic HIV strains, which may be one of the main influencing factors that result in ESN.</p>

Effects of Different Nutrition Suckling on Hypothalamus Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Expression and Adolescence Sexual Development in Suckling Female Rats / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the adjustment effects of suckling nutrition on hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons(GnRH) expression level and adolescence sexual development by establishing different nutrition models for suckling female rats.Methods One-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups.Two suckling rats were fed by one lactation rat in overnutrition group,10 suckling rats were fed by one lactation rat in normal control group,20 suckling rats were fed by one lactation rat in malnutrition group.The animals were weaned at day 21 of age in groups of 5 rats per cage with free access to pelleted food and tap water.To comparatively observe vaginal opening,10 rats in each group were randomly sacrificed when the overnutrition rats showed complete vaginal opening and when the normal control rats showed complete vaginal opening.The amount and percentage of the positive GnRH neurons in hypothalamus arcuate nucleus were detected with immunohistochemistry.The influence of suckling nutrition to female rats adolescence sexual development was assessed by statistical analysis.Results 1.When the overnutrition rats showed complete vaginal opening(at 35-day-old),the amount of positive GnRH neuron in hypothalamus arcuate nucleus was respectively 247?111 in overnutrition group,143?73 in normal control group and 74?70 in malnutrition group.It was showed that the amount of the positive GnRH neuron of hypothalamus arcuate nucleus in overnutrition group was more than the other groups(Pa0.05).3.Overnutrition female rats showed complete vaginal opening at a mean age of (29.60?1.96) days,(39.10?1.66) days in normal control female rats and (41.30?3.33) days in malnutrition female rats.It was proposed that the sexual development of overnutrition rats was earlier than the other groups(Pa