ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To assess the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mortality among admissions for childbirth in 2020 in relation of the last 10 years. Methods An ecological study with pregnant women who underwent hospital births at the Brazilian unified public health service (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym) in Brazil from 2010 to 2020. The mortality among admissions for childbirth was obtained based on the number of admissions for childbirth with reported death as outcome divided by the total number of admissions. The underlying gestational risk and route of delivery were considered based on the national surveillance system. The average mortality for the period between 2010 and 2019 (baseline) was compared with the rate of deaths in 2020 (1st pandemic year); the rate ratio was interpreted as the risk of death in 2020 in relation to the average of the previous period (RR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In 2020, the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1,821,775 pregnant women were hospitalized for childbirth and 651 deaths were reported, which represents 8.7% of the total hospitalizations and 11.3% of maternal deaths between 2010 and 2020. There was an increase in maternal mortality after births in 2020 compared with the average for the period between 2010 and 2019, specially in low-risk pregnancies, both in vaginal (RR = 1.60; 95%CI:1.39-1.85) and cesarean births (RR = 1.18; 95%CI:1.04-1.34). Conclusion Maternal mortality among admissions for childbirth according to SUS data increased in 2020 compared with the average between 2010 and 2019, with an increment of 40% in low-risk pregnancies. The increase was of 18% after cesarean section and of 60% after vaginal delivery.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os possíveis impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na mortalidade materna nas admissões para o parto em 2020 em relação ao histórico dos últimos 10 anos. Métodos Estudo ecológico com gestantes que realizaram parto hospitalar pelo Sistema Unificado de Saúde do Brasil (SUS) de 2010 a 2020. Para obter-se a taxa de mortalidade entre as admissões para o parto, foi utilizado o número de internações para parto que tiveram óbito como desfecho dividido pelo total de internações. O risco gestacional e o tipo de parto foram considerados a partir do sistema de vigilância nacional. A média de mortalidade no período de 2010 a 2019 (linha de base) foi comparada com a taxa de mortalidade pós-parto de 2020 (1° ano pandêmico); a razão das taxas foi interpretada como risco de óbito em 2020 em relação à média no período anterior (RR), com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados Em 2020, 1° ano da pandemia de COVID-19, 1.821.775 gestantes foram internadas para o parto e 651 óbitos foram registrados, o que representa 8,7% do total de internações e 11,3% das mortes maternas entre 2010 e 2020. Houve aumento na mortalidade materna após partos em 2020 em relação à média do período entre 2010 e 2019, especialmente em gestações de baixo risco, tanto em partos normais (RR = 1.60; IC95%: 1.39-185) quanto em cesáreas (RR = 1.18; IC95%: 1.04-1.34). Conclusão A mortalidade entre as admissões para o parto pelo SUS aumentou em 2020 em relação à média de óbitos entre 2010 e 2019, com um incremento de 40% em mulheres de baixo risco gestacional. O aumento verificado foi de 18% após cesárea e de 60% após parto vaginal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Postpartum Period , Maternal Death , Health Impact Assessment , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Introducción. Las funciones del Comité de Ética Clínica (CEC) son educativas, normativas, consultivas, mediadoras y reflexivas. Como cualquier servicio de salud, las consultas de casos a un CEC deben ser sujetas a revisión y mejora de la calidad. Los objetivos fueron evaluar la factibilidad, la efectividad y la satisfacción de las recomendaciones ético-asistenciales dadas por el CEC, y evaluar su impacto en el equipo tratante y en la familia. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, cualicuantitativo, de casos clínicos presentados en el Comité de Ética Clínica del hospital desde el 1 de enero de 2013 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2017, según datos del libro de actas, historias clínicas, registros de la Oficina de Comunicación a Distancia y entrevistas semiestructuradas al equipo de salud. Resultados. Se analizaron 108 casos (106 pacientes), 73 casos con encuesta y registros, y 35 solamente con registros. Los motivos principales más frecuentes de consulta fueron los siguientes: adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico (46/42,6 %), compromiso neurológico grave (15/13,9 %), calidad de vida del paciente (11/10,2 %), conflictos entre el paciente, la familia y el sistema de salud (7/6,5 %), y rechazo del tratamiento por la familia (6/5,6 %). Se hallaron niveles altos de satisfacción (> 95 %) y niveles moderados de factibilidad (> 74 %) y efectividad (> 85 %). Solo en 50/108 casos (46,3 %) quedó registro en la historia clínica de la consulta al CEC y el 44 % de los profesionales opinó que la consulta tuvo un impacto positivo en la familia y en el paciente. Conclusiones. Los resultados contribuyeron a descubrir oportunidades de mejora, especialmente en la documentación y en la comunicación en el proceso de consulta.
Introduction. A clinical ethics committee (CEC) has educational, regulatory, advisory, mediation, and reflexive functions. As any health care service, the consults with the CEC should be subjected to review and quality improvement. The study objectives were to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and satisfaction with the bioethical recommendations made by the CEC and assess their impact on the treating team and the patient's family. Population and methods. Descriptive, retrospective, qualitative, and quantitative study of clinical cases submitted to the hospital's CEC between January 1 st, 2013 and December 31, 2017 using data from the CEC minute book, medical records, registries from the Office for Remote Communication, and semi-structured interviews with health care team members. Results. A total of 108 cases (106 patients) were analyzed: 73 cases with survey and registries and 35 with registries only. The main most frequent reasons for consultation were adequacy of therapeutic effort (46/42.6%), severe neurological involvement (15/13.9%), patient's quality of life (11/10.2%), patient-family-health system conflict (7/6.5%), and family's refusal of treatment (6/5.6%). High levels of satisfaction (> 95%) and moderate levels of feasibility (> 74%) and effectiveness (> 85%) were observed. In only 50/108 cases (46.3%), the consultation with the CEC was registered in the medical record, 44% of health care providers stated that the consultation had a positive impact on the patient and their family. Conclusions. Results helped to establish improvement opportunities, especially in terms of documentation and communication in the consultation process.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Personal Satisfaction , Ethics Committees, Clinical , Quality of Life , Feasibility Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Evaluation Studies as Topic , HospitalsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal das internações por aborto no Brasil, de 2008 a 2018, segundo região e Unidades da Federação (UFs). Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados de internações por aborto de mulheres em idade fértil registrados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares/Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). As taxas foram calculadas segundo características da mulher; e a tendência, avaliada por regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: As 2.258.104 internações por aborto representaram 5% de todas as internações de mulheres em idade fértil. Houve redução significativa, de 0,76 pontos percentuais ao ano, no período. Essa tendência ocorreu em 19 UFs brasileiras e em todas as regiões, exceto a Sul (estável). Houve redução significativa (p-valor<0,001) nas internações por aborto espontâneo e nas internações de mulheres de 20 a 39 anos. Conclusão: Observou-se tendência de redução das internações por aborto no país, com variações segundo características da mulher, UF e região de residência.
Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de las hospitalizaciones por aborto en Brasil de 2008-2018, según región y unidad federativas (UF). Métodos: Estudio ecológico con datos sobre hospitalizaciones por aborto de mujeres en edad fértil del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria/ Sistema Único de Salud (SIH/SUS). Las tasas se calcularon según las características de la mujer y la tendencia se evaluó mediante regresión lineal generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Las 2.258.104 hospitalizaciones por aborto representan el 5% de todas las hospitalizaciones en mujeres en edad fértil. Hubo una reducción significativa de 0,76 puntos porcentuales por año; esta tendencia ocurrió en 19 UFs brasileñas y en todas las regiones, excepto en el Sur (estable). Hubo una reducción significativa (p<0,001) en las hospitalizaciones por aborto espontáneo y en mujeres de 20 a 39 años. Conclusión: El estudio mostró una tendencia a reducir las hospitalizaciones por aborto en Brasil, con variaciones según características de la mujer, UF y región de residencia.
Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of hospitalizations caused by abortion in Brazil between 2008-2018, according to region and federal units (FU). Methods: Ecological study concerning hospitalizations due to abortion of women of childbearing age, from Hospital Information System data. The rates were calculated according the characteristics of women. The trend was assessed by Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression. Results: The 2,258,104 hospitalizations due to abortion represent 5% of all hospitalizations in women of childbearing age. Hospitalizations for abortions in Brazil reduced 0.76 in the period; this trend occurred in 19 Brazilian FUs and all regions, except the South (stable). There was a significant reduction (p<0.001) in hospitalizations for spontaneous abortion and in admissions for abortion in women aged 20 to 39 years. Conclusion: A temporal trend of reduction in the hospitalizations due to abortion in Brazil was found, variating according to characteristics of the woman, FU and region of residence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Women's Health , Abortion , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Time Series Studies , Public Health , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar a letalidade materna hospitalar pós-parto segundo risco gestacional e via de parto, no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil e macrorregiões, 2010-2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares; a letalidade materna hospitalar pós-parto considerou internações maternas com desfecho "óbito" sobre o total de internações/ano, segundo risco gestacional e via de parto, nas regiões. Resultados: houve 19.158.167 internações para parto e 5.110 óbitos no período analisado; a letalidade materna subiu de 1,1 (2010) para 1,9 óbito/10 mil internações (2019), em gestações de risco habitual após partos vaginais, e reduziu-se de 10,5 (2010) para 7,0 óbitos/10 mil internações (2019) em gestações de alto risco após cesarianas; o Centro-Oeste expressou a maior e o Sul a menor letalidade para gestações de alto risco. Conclusão: a letalidade hospitalar foi maior em gestações de alto risco, com diferenças segundo via de parto e regiões.
Objetivo: analizar la letalidad materna hospitalaria posparto según riesgo gestacional y modalidad de parto por el Sistema Único de Salud en Brasil y regiones entre 2010-2019. Métodos: estudio de serie temporal ecológico con datos del Sistema de Información Hospitalario; la letalidad materna hospitalaria posparto consideró las hospitalizaciones maternas con resultado de óbito, por el total de hospitalizaciones por año. Resultados: hubo 19.158.167 admisiones por parto y 5.110 óbitos en el período; la letalidad materna aumentó de 1,10 (2010) a 1,9 muerte/10.000 (2019) en embarazos de riesgo habitual posparto vaginal y disminuyó de 10,5 a 7,0 muertes/10.000 en embarazos de alto riesgo después de cesáreas; el Centro-Oeste expresó la letalidad más alta y el Sur la más baja para embarazos de alto riesgo. Conclusión: la letalidad hospitalaria fue mayor en los embarazos de alto riesgo, con diferencias según el modo de parto y las regiones de Brasil.
Objective: to analyze in-hospital maternal case fatality ratio in the postpartum period according to pregnancy risks and route of delivery, within the Brazilian National Health System, Brazil and macro-regions, 2010-2019. Methods: this was an ecological time-series study, using data from the Hospital Information System; in-hospital maternal case fatality ratio in the postpartum period took into consideration maternal hospitalizations with outcome 'death' over the total number of hospitalizations per year, according to pregnancy risks and route of delivery, in the regions. Results: there were 19,158,167 hospitalizations for childbirth and 5,110 deaths in the period analyzed; maternal case fatality ratio increased from 1.1 (2010) to 1.9 death/10,000 hospitalizations (2019), in usual-risk pregnancies after vaginal deliveries, and decreased from 10.5 (2010) to 7.0 deaths/10,000 hospitalizations (2019) in high-risk pregnancies after cesarean sections; the Midwest region presented the highest and the South region the lowest case fatality ratio for high-risk pregnancies. Conclusion: in-hospital case fatality ratio was higher for high-risk pregnancies, showing differences according to route of delivery and regions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Maternal Mortality/trends , Hospital Mortality/trends , Perinatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Postpartum PeriodABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate for 12 months the changes of body weight using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) and if these changes are related to inflammatory markers. Subjects and methods Twenty women of childbearing age who chose the DMPA, without previous use of this method, BMI < 30 kg/m2, and 17 women using IUD TCu 380A, participated in the study. At the baseline and after one year, changes in weight gain, body composition by the bioimpedance electric method, resting energy expenditure (REE) by the indirect calorimetry method, inflammatory markers and HOMA-IR were assessed. Results After 12 months of evaluation, we could observe a significant increase in the DMPA group in weight (3,01 kg) and BMI, while the IUD group’s only significant increase was observed in the BMI. Relative to REE there was an increase of basal metabolic rate (BMR) in both groups after one year. The sub-group DMPA that gained < 3 kg had increased significant weight, BMI and body surface (BS) with respiratory quotient (RQ) reduction, while the sub-group that gained ≥ 3 kg had a significant increase in weight, BMI, BS, fat-free mass, fat mass, BMR, Leptin, HOMA-IR and waist circumference, with RQ significantly reduced. Conclusion Our study found significant changes in weight, body composition and metabolic profile of the population studied in the first 12 months of contraceptive use. These changes mainly increased body weight, leptin levels and HOMA-IR which can contribute to the development of some chronic complications, including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Body Composition/drug effects , Biomarkers/blood , Weight Gain/drug effects , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/pharmacology , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Calorimetry, Indirect , Body Mass Index , Follow-Up Studies , Interleukin-6/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Leptin/blood , Adiponectin/blood , Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/blood , Glucose/analysis , Insulin/bloodABSTRACT
Desde los años 60, ha habido un interés creciente por la complejidad de los problemas éticos que plantea la práctica de la medicina. Desde entonces, numerosas teorías éticas han intentado fundamentar la bioética justificando las consideraciones que han sido necesarias para la toma de decisiones. El objetivo del artículo es exponer brevemente la historia y el funcionamiento del Comité de Ética de un hospital pediátrico, así como la evolución experimentada desde sus comienzos. A lo largo de la trayectoria como Comité de Ética, se fueron realizando progresivos cambios en la forma de trabajo. En los primeros años, se exigía el cumplimiento de una serie de formalidades en la presentación de los pacientes, pero esto se fue modificando con el tiempo hasta llegar a una presentación menos rígida y más reflexiva y plural. En el caso de nuestro Comité Hospitalario de Ética, la deliberación es la herramienta principal y más valorada de su actividad en la búsqueda de la mejor opción para la asistencia de los casos problemáticos que se plantean.
Since 1960, there has been a growing interest in the complexity of the ethical problems posed by medical practice. Ever since then, many ethical theories have attempted to support bioethics, setting the necessary grounds for decision making process. The aim of this article is to briefly present the history and working of a pediatric hospital's Assistance Ethics Committee, as well as its evolution from the very beginning. Throughout the Committee's career, progressive changes were made in the way of working. During its first years, the fulfillment of certain formalities was demanded when presenting patients, but this was modified overtime towards a less rigid and more reflexive and pluralistic presentation. Regarding our Ethics Committee, deliberation is the main and most valuable tool in the search for the best option when dealing with harsh and problematic cases that are presented.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ethics Committees/history , Ethics Committees/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Objetivos: Explorar la presencia de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en madres de niños con MCM y establecer si existen factores de riesgo para el desencadenamiento de los mismos. Diseño: Observacional, prospectivo, transversal. Población: madres de RNT con MCM con >15 días de internación, con consentimiento. Instrumentos de medición: Escala de Estrés parental NICU (Miles), Inventario de Depresión de Beck, Escala de Hamilton para ansiedad. Adicionalmente se registró: tipo de malformación, edad y condición sociofamiliar de la madre, tiempo de internación y otros sucesos estresantes. Resultados: se entrevistaron 58 madres: 19% ≤19 años, 27% completaron sus estudios secundarios, 68% procedentes del Conurbano, en el 47% de los casos se trato del 1°hijo, 91% tenía pareja estable, 88% contaba con apoyo familiar y 62% con apoyo social. 28% de los RN presentó cardiopatía congénita y el 60% internación prolongada(>30 días). El promedio de sucesos de vida estresantes de las madres fue 3,6±2.6. El 19% presentaron scores de depresión severa y el 52% de ansiedad mayor. El estrés en relación con el bebé fue en promedio 26±14, y en relación con el equipo de salud13±11. La depresión y la ansiedad se correlacionaron significativamente entre sí (p < 0,0001; r 0,65) y se asociaron con internación prolongada, dificultad de explicar completamente la situación clínica del hijo y ausencia de apoyo familiar. La ansiedad fue mayor en el grupo que no reconocía al médico de cabecera por nombre y apellido. Aquellas madres que pudieron explicar completamente qué tenían sus hijos tuvieron significativamente menor riesgo de ansiedad (OR 0,23 IC95 0,06 0,8) y de depresión (OR 0,16 IC95% 0,03-0,9) Conclusiones: Se observaron altos índices de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en las madres de niños con MCM. Los factores protectores se relacionaron con el vínculo con su entorno y el equipo de salud (reconocimiento del médico de cabecera y comprensión de la información).