Contextual and individual determinants of oral health-related quality of life among adolescents

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with oral health-related quality of life in adolescents (OHRQoL). Individual data on adolescents were collected from a secondary database. OHRQoL was measured using the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) scale. Individual- and city-level variables were selected to represent the structural and intermediate determinants of health. The individual covariates analyzed were sex, age, skin color, maternal education, household income, number of people per room in the housing unit, dental attendance, self-perception of dental needs, untreated dental caries, and gingival bleeding. The contextual variables included the allocation factor, the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini coefficient, illiteracy, unemployment, income, average number of emergency dental visits per inhabitant, access to a sanitary sewer system, garbage collection, primary health care coverage, oral health team coverage, and number of tooth extractions between selected dental procedures and supervised toothbrushing. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between contextual and individual variables with overall OIDP scores (STATA version 16.0) - rate ratio (RR) and 95%CI. The mean OIDP score was 0.72 and the prevalence was 31.8%. There was an association between supervised toothbrushing average and the outcome (RR 0.95; 95%CI 0.91-0.99). Moreover, adolescents who lived in municipalities with the highest average number of emergency dental visits per inhabitant showed a higher OIDP. Sex, maternal education, untreated dental caries, and gingival bleeding were associated with OIDP. In addition, intersectoral public policies focusing on the reduction of social inequalities should be on the agenda of policymakers and stakeholders.

Oral Medicine and Pharmacology Teleconsulting Sessions of the Telehealth Program in one Southeastern State of Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate questions concerning oral medicineand pharmacology-related specialties of asynchronous dental teleconsulting sessions of the Telehealth Brazil Networks Program. Material and Methods: Data were collected from secondary databases of asynchronous dental teleconsulting sessions of the telehealth centers of Minas Gerais from July 2015 to July 2017. The variables for dental underlying fields and the types of questions were evaluated. Descriptive analysis was performed with the SPSS v.22.0 program. Results: 3,920 teleconsulting sessions were referred to the telehealth centers of Minas Gerais during the study period. Regarding oral medicine-related questions (n=745), most (n=469; 62.95%) addressed diagnosis, whereas the underlying field questions mostly regarded fungal, viral, and bacterial infections (17.3%), biopsies (16.4%), developmental defects and dental abnormalities (9.9%), and soft tissue tumors (9.4%). Pharmacology-related questions (n=738) mostly addressed general approaches (n=672; 91.06%), and the most common questions were about underlying fields' prescriptions (44.7%), anesthetics (17.6%), adverse effects of medications and anesthetics (10.2%), and selection of anesthetics for patients with systemic conditions (9.8%). Conclusion: Most teleconsulting sessions regarded conditions or procedures common in primary health care and essential for diagnosis and treatment planning at all care levels, which suggests a need for more academic learning processes for healthcare professionals, especially in dentistry primary fields.

E-learning as a strategy in dentistry in the context of COVID-19: a path to follow?

Abstract The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of e-learning in compliance with the new biosafety recommendations in dentistry in the context of COVID-19 applied to the clinical staff of a dental school in Brazil. A quasi-experimental epidemiological study was carried out by means of a structured, pre-tested online questionnaire, applied before and after an educational intervention, using an e-learning format. After data collection, statistical tests were performed. A total of 549 members of the clinical staff participated in the study in the two collection phases, with a return rate of 26.9%. After the e-learning stage, a reduction was found in the reported use of disposable gloves, protective goggles, and surgical masks. The course had no impact on the staff's knowledge concerning the proper sequence for donning PPE and showed 100% effectiveness regarding proper PPE doffing sequence. Knowledge about avoiding procedures that generate aerosols in the clinical setting was improved. Despite the low rate of return, it can be concluded that online intervention alone was ineffective in significantly improving learning about the new clinical biosafety guidelines. Therefore, the use of hybrid teaching and repetitive training is highly recommended.

Endodontic teleconsulting by Telehealth in Minas Gerais state, Brazil / Teleconsultorias endodônticas do Telessaúde no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract Background The Telehealth Brazil Program aims to improve the quality of Primary Health Care. Objective This cross-sectional study evaluated the Telehealth Brazil Networks Program's dental teleconsulting in Minas Gerais state to elucidate the prevalent questions in endodontics. Method Secondary databases of offline dental teleconsulting from the Clinical Hospital and Medical School of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais from July 2015 to July 2017 were used. The variables analyzed were telehealth center, dental specialty and sub-area, and question type. The results were descriptively analyzed using the SPSS v.22.0 program. Results A total of 3,920 teleconsulting sessions were carried out. Endodontics was the field with the sixth-highest demand for questions (7.4%). The most prevalent endodontic questions were related to pulpal and periapical alterations (32.3%), being more related to diagnosis, followed by dental trauma (15.6%), endodontic emergencies (11.4%), and intracanal medication (7.3%), all of them with most questions related to clinical conduct. Conclusion The endodontic field questions were related to prevalent conditions in the daily activities of the primary health care professionals. It is crucial to continuously update the professionals through continuing education programs and the search for new knowledge to reinforce these competencies.

Resumo Introdução O Programa de Telessaúde tem o objetivo de aprimorar a qualidade da Atenção Primária em Saúde. Objetivo Este estudo transversal avaliou as teleconsultorias odontológicas do Programa Telessaúde Brasil Redes em Minas Gerais para elucidar as dúvidas prevalentes em endodontia. Método Bancos de dados das teleconsultorias offline de odontologia do Hospital das Clínicas e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais de Julho de 2015 a Julho de 2017 foram utilizados. As variáveis analisadas foram: núcleo de telessaúde, especialidade odontológica e subárea, e tipo de dúvida. Resultados Os resultados foram analisados descritivamente utilizando o programa SPSS v.22.0. Um total de 3920 teleconsultorias foi realizada. A Endodontia foi a área com a sexta maior demanda por dúvidas (7,4%). As dúvidas endodônticas mais prevalentes foram relacionadas às alterações pulpares e perirradiculares (32,3%), sendo mais relacionadas ao diagnóstico, seguidas por trauma dentário (15,6%), emergências endodônticas (11,4%) e medicação intracanal (7,3%), sendo a maioria das dúvidas relacionadas à conduta clínica. Conclusão As dúvidas na área endodôntica foram relacionadas a condições prevalentes nas atividades diárias dos profissionais da atenção primária a saúde. É crucial a atualização constante dos profissionais, por programas de educação continuada e pela busca por novos conhecimentos, reforçando essas competências.

Associação entre síndrome congênita e infecção pelo vírus Zika na gestação: estudo de coorte no estado de São Paulo, 2015 a 2018 / Association between congenital syndrome and zika virus infection during pregnancy: a cohort study in the state of São Paulo, 2015 to 2018

Introdução: Entre as doenças emergentes do século XXI, a infecção pelo Zika vírus (ZIKV) foi umas das maiores preocupações e desafios para a saúde pública em todo o mundo, em razão da sua magnitude, dada sua rápida disseminação global e seu grave impacto, decorrente da epidemia de microcefalia e demais alterações fetais associadas a ela. Objetivos: Descrever a transmissão do ZIKV no estado de São Paulo, segundo pessoa, tempo e lugar, identificar, descrever e quantificar o espectro de anormalidades e / ou resultados da gestação, incluindo microcefalia, nos fetos e recém-nascidos e analisar a associação entre essas complicações e a infecção pelo ZIKV, bem como outros fatores de risco. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva cuja população foi composta por gestantes sintomáticas com suspeita de exposição ao ZIKV. Foram utilizados os dados do Sistema de Vigilância às Emergências em Saúde Pública (CeVeSP) e do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos do Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo (SINASC/CIVS/SES). Foram consideradas gestantes expostas aquelas com resultado positivo para ZIKV no RT-PCR e não expostas aquelas com resultado negativo. Foram incluídas todas as gestantes sintomáticas notificadas, no período de 2015 a 2018 no CeVeSP. Utilizamos o modelo teórico hierárquico com a finalidade de analisar e interpretar os resultados à luz do conhecimento existente e lidar com o grande número de variáveis conceitualmente relacionadas. Na análise múltipla foi utilizada a análise de regressão de Poisson robusta, calculando o RR como medida de associação e seu intervalo de confiança (IC 95%). A modificação do efeito da exposição ao ZIKV pelo trimestre de gestação foi avaliada nas escalas aditiva (RERI) e multiplicativa (razão de RR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC 95%), estimando o excesso de risco atribuível e relativo, respectivamente. O nível de significância de todos os testes foi de 5%. Resultados: Das 2.299 gestantes notificadas, 29% foram confirmadas com a infecção pelo ZIKV, sendo quase metade solteiras (45%), a maioria de raça/cor da pele branca (74%), com ensino médio completo (54%), e concentradas no nordeste do estado. A proporção de recém-nascidos com anomalias do sistema nervoso central foi de aproximadamente 4%. As gestantes com maior escolaridade apresentaram risco menor de ter uma criança com microcefalia e/ou alteração do SNC. Já as gestantes que tiveram gravidez dupla e o parto foi antes de 37 semanas (pré-termo) ou após 42 semanas (pós-termo) tiveram risco maior de alterações fetais. O risco de uma gestante que teve infecção pelo ZIKV ter um feto com alguma alteração foi de 3,9 (IC 95% 1,835 - 8,411) quando comparado a uma gestante negativa. O trimestre de gestação teve efeito modificador positivo na escala aditiva (RERI: 18,86 - IC 95% 3,52 - 34,19), ou seja, a infecção pelo ZIKV no primeiro trimestre de gestação aumenta o risco da ocorrência de alterações congênitas. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados neste estudo caracterizam a transmissão do ZIKV em um estado da região sudeste do país e corroboram as evidências de associação entre a infecção pelo ZIKV e ocorrência de microcefalia e/ou alteração do SNC. Assim pode subsidiar o direcionamento de ações da Saúde Pública para regiões e locais com maior risco de transmissão da infecção e, consequentemente, contribuir para a prevenção de recrudescimento da doença e malformações resultantes da transmissão vertical do vírus.

Introduction: Among the diseases of the 21st century, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was one of the epidemics of concern and challenges for public health around the world, due to its magnitude, given its rapid global spread and its serious impact on microcephaly and other changes fetuses associated with it. Aims: To describe the transmission of ZIKV in the state of São Paulo, according to person, time and place, to identify, describe and quantify the spectrum of abnormalities and/or pregnancy outcomes, including microcephaly, in fetuses and newborns, and to assess the association between these complications and ZIKV infection, as well as other risk factors. Method: Retrospective cohort study whose population consisted of symptomatic pregnant women with suspected exposure to ZIKV. Data from the Public Health Emergency Surveillance System (CeVeSP) and the Information System on Live Births of the Center for Strategic Information on Health Surveillance of the São Paulo State Health Department (SINASC/CIVS/SES) were used. Exposed pregnant women were those with a positive result for ZIKV in the RT-PCR and those with a negative result as non-exposed. All symptomatic pregnant women reported in the period from 2015 to 2018 in CeVeSP were included. We used the hierarchical theoretical model in order to analyze and interpret the results in the light of existing knowledge and deal with the large number of conceptually related variables. In the multiple analysis, a robust Poisson regression analysis was used, calculating the RR as a measure of association and its confidence interval (95% CI). The modification of the effect of exposure to ZIKV by the trimester of pregnancy was evaluated in the additive (RERI) and multiplicative (RR ratio) scales and their respective confidence intervals (95% CI), estimating the attributable and relative excess risk, respectively. The significance level of all tests was 5%. Results: Of the 2,299 pregnant women reported, 29% were confirmed to have ZIKV infection, with almost half being single (45%), the majority of white race/skin color (74%), with complete high school (54%), and concentrated in the northeast of the state. The proportion of newborns with central nervous system abnormalities was approximately 4%. Pregnant women with higher education had a lower risk of having a child with microcephaly and/or CNS alterations. Pregnant women who had a double pregnancy and delivery was before 37 weeks (preterm) or after 42 weeks (postterm) had a higher risk of fetal changes. The risk of a pregnant woman who had ZIKV infection to have a fetus with any alteration was 3.9 (95% CI 1.835 - 8.411) when compared to a negative pregnant woman. The trimester of pregnancy had a positive modifying effect on the additive scale (RERI: 18.86 - 95% CI 3.52 - 34.19), that is, ZIKV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of congenital alterations. Conclusion: This study characterizes the transmission of the ZIKV in a state in the southeastern region of the country and corroborate the evidence of an association between ZIKV infection and the occurrence of microcephaly and/or CNS alteration. Thus, it can support the direction of Public Health actions to regions and places with greater risk of transmission of the infection and, consequently, contribute to the prevention of resurgence of the disease and malformations resulting from the vertical transmission of the virus.

Formação continuada remota para os cuidados agudos do National Early Warning Score 2: Adaptação transcultural / Formación remota continua para los cuidados agudos del National Early Warning Score 2: Adaptación transcultural / Remote continuing training for National Early Warning Score 2 acute care: Cross-cultural adaptation

Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente o módulo de cuidados agudos do National Early Warning Score 2 para o português brasileiro. Método: Estudo metodológico de adaptação transcultural, autorizado pelo Royal College of Physicians, realizado no período de julho de 2020 a julho de 2021. Aprovado por Comitê de Ética, sob no 4.247.069 e registro na Plataforma Brasil no 36540020.4.0000.5292. Juízes das cinco regiões brasileiras, enfermeiros, avaliaram as equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual entre o material original e as versões traduzidas. Enfermeiros atuantes em 30 hospitais brasileiros, realizaram o teste piloto, com a finalidade de assegurar que a versão adaptada preservava as equivalências em relação ao conteúdo da versão original. A análise qualitativa de adaptação cultural foi executada. Resultados: O módulo foi adaptado transculturalmente, sendo que 94% das avaliações dos juízes foram concordantes sobre a equivalência entre a versão original e a adaptação proposta. Conclusão: O módulo foi adaptado para o português brasileiro.(AU)

Objective: To cross-culturally adapt the acute care module of the National Early Warning Score 2 to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: Methodological study of cross-cultural adaptation, authorized by the Royal College of Physicians, carried out from July 2020 to July 2021. Approved by the Ethics Committee, under No. 4.247.069 and registered at Plataforma Brasil No. 36540020.4.0000.5292. Judges from the five Brazilian regions, nurses, evaluated the semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences between the original material and the translated versions. Nurses working in 30 Brazilian hospitals conducted the pilot test, with the purpose of ensuring that the adapted version preserved the equivalences in relation to the content of the original version. A qualitative analysis of cultural adaptation was performed. Results: The module was cross- culturally adapted, and 94% of the judges' assessments agreed on the equivalence between the original version and the proposed adaptation. Conclusion: The module was adapted to Brazilian Portuguese.(AU)

Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente el módulo de cuidados agudos del National Early Warning Score 2 para el portugués brasileño. Método: Estudio metodológico de adaptación transcultural, autorizado por el Royal College of Physicians, realizado en el período de julio de 2020 a julio de 2021. Aprobado por el Comité de Ética, bajo n.o 4.247.069, y registro en la Plataforma Brasil n.o 36540020.4.0000.5292. Jueces de las cinco regiones brasileñas, enfermeros, evaluaron las equivalencias semántica, lingüística, cultural y conceptual entre el material original y las versiones traducidas. Enfermeros actuantes en 30 hospitales brasileños realizaron el examen piloto, con la finalidad de asegurar que la versión adaptada preservaba las equivalencias en relación con el contenido de la versión original. El análisis cualitativo de adaptación cultural fue efectuado. Resultados: El módulo fue adaptado transculturalmente, ya que 94% de las evaluaciones de los jueces fueron de acuerdo con la equivalencia entre la versión original y la adaptación propuesta. Conclusión: El módulo fue adaptado para el portugués brasileño.(AU)

National analysis of dental teleconsulting of the Brazilian Telehealth Program

Abstract This cross-sectional study nationally evaluated asynchronous dental teleconsulting services offered by the Telehealth Brazil Networks Program, using the 2019 Telehealth Results Monitoring and Evaluation System database and considering Brazilian regional differences. The following teleconsulting variables were collected: dentist's sex and specialty, date/time of question and answer, response time; dental specialty, professional satisfaction, and patient referral. Five Brazilian regions were socioeconomically characterized according to the Human Development Index, estimated population, Gini coefficient, coverage of dental specialty centers, oral health teams in Family Health Strategy, and oral health teams in primary health care (PHC). In total, 2,703 teleconsulting sessions occurred in Brazil in the analyzed period. The Southeast exhibited the highest demand (49.1%). Most dentists were female (60.6%) and were dental surgeons from the Family Health Strategy (61.3%). Most teleconsulting sessions occurred during working hours (85.5%) and questions were answered within 72 hours (66.7%). Level of satisfaction and avoidance of referral yielded rates of 90.9% and 66.8%, respectively, among dentists who answered about these topics. Semiology was the most frequently demanded area in teleconsulting (33.9%). The different demands from the regions reflected regional differences. The most frequently demanded specialties represent the Brazilian PHC scenario. Professionals incorporated teleconsulting into their work routine and most teleconsultants responded within the stipulated timeframe. Professional feedback should be encouraged.

Temporomandibular Disorders are Associated with Sociodemographic Factors, Health-Related and Oral Conditions in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions in adolescents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed with 89 adolescents between 13 to 18 years. TMD diagnosis was obtained by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disease (RDC/TMD) Axis I. Diagnoses of chronic pain, depression, presence of non-specific physical symptoms, including pain and anxiety, were obtained by the RDC/TMD Axis II. The feeling of happiness was measured by the Subjective Happiness Scale. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Patients were examined for dental caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, and tooth wear. Parents answered a sociodemographic, economic, and general health questionnaire. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the association between TMD and the socio-economic, demographic, health-related, and clinical variables. Results: TMD prevalence was 42%. TMD was associated to skin color (p=0.040), use of medications in the past year (p = 0.020) and previous dental trauma (p=0.030). Also, it tended to be associated with the presence of probable awake bruxism (p=0.053). Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions play a role in TMD, with nonwhite adolescents, those who had used medications in the past year and/or had previous dental trauma having a greater chance of present this disorder (AU).

Factors associated with toothache in 12-year-old adolescents in a southeastern state of Brazil

Abstract: This cross-sectional study evaluated factors associated with toothache in 12-year-old adolescents from the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Secondary data were collected from the SB Minas Gerais 2012 epidemiological survey. The dependent variable was toothache in the past 6 months. The independent variables were grouped into two levels: individual (sex, ethnic group, family income, periodontal condition, dental caries, dental treatment needs, and type of service used) and contextual (allocation factor, Human Development Index, Gini coefficient, gross domestic product, unemployment, illiteracy, basic sanitation, garbage collection, family income, half or a quarter of a minimum wage, primary healthcare coverage, primary oral healthcare team coverage, oral health technician, access to individual dental care, and supervised tooth brushing). A multilevel analysis was performed using the Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling Software Program to assess the association of individual and contextual variables with toothache in the last 6 months. The prevalence of toothache in the last six months among the adolescents of this study was 19.1%. An association was found with family income (p <0.001), dental caries (p <0.001), primary oral healthcare team coverage (p = 0.015) and oral health technician (p = 0.008). Socioeconomic conditions and the most prevalent oral diseases, such as dental caries, as well as the use of public services, were related to toothache in adolescents aged 12 years. These findings reinforce the need to develop and implement public policies to address the oral health problems of this population.

Staff Knowledge and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 New Biosafety Practices at a Brazilian Dental School

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards biosafety recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Brazilian dental school. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 with the clinical staff of a Brazilian dental school. The whole clinical staff was sent pre-tested self-administered online questionnaires about knowledge and attitudes towards the recommendations for biosafety in dental settings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistical analyses were carried out for proportion calculation. Results Disposable head covering caps, isolation gowns, and gloves were the most frequently reported personal protective equipment (PPE). The rates ranged from 52.9% to 88.5% for N95 respirators, from 68.6% to 92.6% for face shields, from 47.4% to 67.5% for conventional eye protection shields, and 45.1% to 77.4% for eye protection with solid side shields. Chlorhexidine gluconate was the most frequent mouthwash indicated before clinical dental care. The percentage of agreement to provide clinical care to patients with suspected COVID-19 varied from 23.5% to 50.0%. The percentage of respondents who agreed that bioaerosol-generating procedures should be avoided was higher than 74.5%. Less than 50% knew the correct sequence for doffing of PPE. Conclusion This study revealed important gaps in knowledge and attitudes towards prevention and control measures against infection in dental environments in the context of COVID-19, indicating the need for improvements.

Pain Perception Before Endodontic Treatment: from Primary Care to Specialized Care

Abstract Objective: To analyze patients' pain perception requiring endodontic treatment referred to a Dental Specialties Center. Material and Methods: Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire for patients about their experience of pain and another for endodontists about the treatment performed. The results were analyzed descriptively using Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test, with Bonferroni correction (p≤0.05). Results: The median age of the patients was 39 years, and 71.1% were female. The median waiting time for treatment was five months. Pain was reported by 75.2% of patients, occurred more than one month earlier (63.6%), with moderate/severe intensity (66.9%), and most patients sought emergency treatment more than once (79.1%). In addition, pain was associated with sex (female; p=0.008); moderate/severe intensity (p<0.001); the number of times that patient had to go to the dentist because of the tooth treatment (twice or more; p=0.002); and type of tooth treated (posterior tooth; p=0.002). Conclusion: Severe pain episodes resulted in a repeated search for emergency services, which may overload the primary care service, especially if the waiting time for endodontic treatment is long.

Panorama of teaching on older adults or aging in undergraduate nutrition programs at Brazilian Higher Education Institutions / Panorama do ensino sobre idosos ou envelhecimento nos cursos de graduação em nutrição das Instituições Brasileiras de Ensino Superior

Objective: This study aimed to present an overview of teaching about older adults or aging in undergraduate nutrition programs of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data obtained from HEI websites in 2018. Results: Most of the 527 analyzed HEIs were private institutions (88.05%). Courses related to older adults/aging were offered by 63.98% of the HEIs; 58.04% included shared content (not only involving older adults), 76.15% were offered from the fifth to the eighth semester, 53.19% were theoretical, 61.51% had a workload ≥ 60 hours/semester, and 92.16% were mandatory pedagogical activities. Internships involving older adults (one or more) were observed only in 4.65% of the programs. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of Brazilian HEIs do not offer courses on older adults or aging in their undergraduate nutrition programs. However, population aging, with its inherent demands, is a reality in Brazil and in the world. Further studies are suggested to expand the reflection and contribute to a more qualified training of nutritionists for the care of older adults

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um panorama do ensino sobre idosos ou envelhecimento nos cursos de graduação em Nutrição das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, cujos dados foram obtidos nos endereços eletrônicos das IES em 2018. Resultados: Das 527 IES analisadas, a maioria era de ensino privado (88,05%). As disciplinas relacionadas aos idosos/envelhecimento eram oferecidas por 63,98% das IES, sendo 58,04% oferecidas de forma compartilhada (envolvendo não apenas idosos), 76,15% do 5o ao 8o semestre, 53,19% do tipo teórico, 61,51% possuíam carga horária ≥ 60 horas/semestre e 92,16% atividades pedagógicas obrigatórias. Estágio com o envolvimento de idosos (um ou mais) foi observado em apenas 4,65% dos cursos. Conclusão: Aproximadamente 1/3 das IES brasileiras não oferece disciplinas sobre idosos ou envelhecimento em seus cursos de graduação em Nutrição. Contudo, o envelhecimento populacional, com suas demandas inerentes, é uma realidade no Brasil e no mundo. Sugere-se que sejam conduzidos novos estudos para ampliar a reflexão e contribuir para uma formação de nutricionistas mais qualificada para o atendimento do idoso.

Você iria sozinha? sobre ser mulher e fazer pesquisa de campo no Brasil / Would you go alone? about being a woman and doing field research in Brazil

Este artigo propõe reflexões a respeito da condição e das aprendizagens das mulheres na realização de trabalhos de campo. Tomando como ponto de partida a análise dos registros de campo de três pesquisadoras da UFMG - com pesquisas etnográficas em lazer e educação - o artigo estabelece o diálogo entre as experiências de pesquisas das autoras e a produção acadêmica mais ampla, sobretudo, com os estudos decoloniais, feminismo, produção acadêmica das mulheres, vulnerabilidade e violência de gênero. O trabalho sinaliza reflexões sobre o fazer científico das mulheres e seus desdobramentos no contexto de uma ciência hegemonicamente masculina/branca/hetero. Além de apontar as desigualdades de gênero no meio acadêmico, os receios e as possíveis contribuições das mulheres nas pesquisas, o artigo propõe reflexões sobre a importância de construção de alternativas para a reversão do quadro atual.

This article proposes reflections on the condition and learning process of women researchers who challenge themselves to carry out fieldwork. Taking as a starting point the field records of three UFMG women researchers - with ethnographic researches in the areas of leisure and education - the article establishes a dialogue between the authors' research experiences and the broader academic production, especially with decolonial studies, feminism, women's academic production, gender vulnerability and violence. The work signals reflections on the scientific work of women and their developments in the context of a hegemonically male / white / heterosexual science. In addition to pointing out gender inequalities in academia, women's fears and possible contributions to research, the article proposes reflections on the importance of building a path that allows a reversal of the current situation.

Bruxism in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy / Bruxismo em crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral

This study aims to summarize the existing evidence from primary studies in order to answer the following question: "are children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) frequently affected by bruxism?". For such, databases Web of Science, Medline (via PubMed), Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus and Wiley Online Library were used, with the keywords "Cerebral Palsy" and "Bruxism" alone and in combination, without the restriction of the publication date. The search included all articles published until May 2020. A total of 229 publications were found, of which 12 were selected, after careful analysis. Retrospective data analyses, cross-sectional studies and observational casecontrol studies published in English and with samples composed of children and/or adolescents were included. Case reports, literature reviews and studies whose sample consisted of adults-only were excluded. In the evaluated studies, bruxism was present in all samples with cerebral palsy. However, oral signs and symptoms resulting from this parafunction were reported only in three studies, in which the presence of dental wear and pain was evaluated. Therefore, bruxism in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy is a frequent oral condition, however, knowledge about the associated and risk factors for the occurrence of this problem in these patients remains limited.

Esse estudo tem como objetivo resumir as evidências existentes de estudos primários, a fim responder à seguinte questão: "crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) são frequentemente afetados pelo bruxismo?". Para tal, foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Web of Science, Medline (via PubMed), Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus and Wiley Online Library, utilizando os descritores "Paralisia Cerebral" e "Bruxismo" em inglês, e de forma associada, sem que houvesse delimitação de intervalo de tempo. A busca incluiu todos os artigos publicados até maio de 2020. Foi encontrado um total de 229 publicações, das quais foram selecionadas 12, após análise criteriosa das mesmas. Foram incluídas análises retrospectivas de dados, estudos transversais e estudos observacionais de caso-controle publicados em inglês e com amostras compostas por crianças e/ou adolescentes. Foram excluídos os relatos de casos, as revisões de literatura e os estudos cuja amostra era composta apenas por adultos. Nos estudos avaliados, o bruxismo esteve presente em todas as amostras com paralisia cerebral. Contudo, sinais e sintomas orais, decorrentes dessa para função foram relatados apenas em três estudos, nos quais se avaliou presença de desgastes dentários e dor. Assim sendo, o bruxismo em crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral é uma condição oral frequente, no entanto, o conhecimento sobre os fatores associados e os fatores de risco para a ocorrência desse problema nesses pacientes permanece limitado.

Analysis of Dental Teleconsulting in the Pediatric Dentistry Field of Telehealth Minas Gerais: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the profile of the dental teleconsulting in the Pediatric Dentistry field of Telehealth Brazil Networks Program, in Minas Gerais centers, Brazil. Material and Methods: Asynchronous dental teleconsulting was evaluated in the Pediatric Dentistry specialty, extracted from secondary databases of the telehealth centers: the Clinical Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and UFMG Medical School, from July 2015 to July 2017. The variables collected were: type of issues and area and sub-area of Pediatric Dentistry. The results were descriptively analyzed using the SPSS v.22,0 program by frequencies. Results: Most of the issues in the Pediatric Dentistry specialty were about clinical conduct (81.4%). There was a predominance of issues regarding prevention (16.6%), surgery (15.3%), tooth eruption (15.1%), endodontics (12.1%), harmful oral habits (9.7%), patient cooperation (8.7%), primary teeth trauma (7.2%) and dentistry (6.7%). Regarding sub-areas, most issues were related to child oral hygiene (68.5%), tooth extraction (92%), tooth eruption chronology (65.6%), pulp diagnosis (49.0%), bruxism (64%), patient management (74.3%), post-trauma treatment (79.3%), and restoration (88.9%). Conclusion: Pediatric Dentistry teleconsulting suggested a difficulty of the professionals in the pediatric patient approach. Continuing education programs and training courses for professionals working in primary health care are crucial for the comprehensive care of pediatric patients.

Contextual and individual factors associated with dental pain in adolescents from Southeastern Brazil

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with dental pain in adolescents from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individual data on adolescents aged 15 to 19 years were collected from the SB Minas survey secondary database. Dental pain over the past 6 months, assessed by a questionnaire, was used as the dependent variable. Sex, income, skin color, prevalence of untreated dental caries, periodontal health, dental treatment needs, and time of last dental appointment were analyzed as individual covariates. Allocation factor, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini coefficient, illiteracy rate, unemployment, 50% and 25% of the Brazilian monthly minimum wage, primary healthcare coverage, oral health team coverage, access to individual healthcare, and supervised toothbrushing average rate were the analyzed contextual variables. A multilevel analysis was conducted for the individual and contextual variables. Statistical analyses used hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling to infer an association between the different levels. Male adolescents had a lower prevalence of dental pain (OR = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.37-0.75). There was an association between dental pain and low income (OR = 1.58; 95%CI = 1.07-2.33), prevalence of untreated dental caries (OR = 1.25; 95%CI = 1.11-1.40), periodontal health (OR = 1.80; 95%CI = 1.04-3.09), and dental treatment needs (OR = 6.93; 95%CI = 3.96-12.14). Sociodemographic and clinical factors at the individual level were associated with the outcome but not with contextual variables. These findings reinforce the need to address these factors for effective community health actions.

Structural characteristics of oral health services in Brazilian primary health care

Abstract This study aimed to describe the structure of oral health services in primary health care in Brazil with centers participating in the second cycle of the 'National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care' (PMAQ-AB), the largest health service evaluation program ever instituted in the country. This cross-sectional study evaluated 16,202 oral health services, regarding 22 pieces of dental equipment and 25 dental supplies. The presence of each piece of equipment/dental supply generated a score for services. The sum of these scores was compared among different regions in Brazil. Quantitative data were described by quartiles and categorical data by frequencies, using the SPSS, version 25. Most of the evaluated centers presented adequate equipment in good using conditions and sufficient dental supplies for primary oral health care. Data also showed a lack of some equipment, such as X-rays, bicarbonate jet, and ultrasound devices, while for dental supplies, a lack of amalgam (capsule and manual preparation), anesthesia without vasoconstrictors, and intracanal medication was found. The services presented a median of 14 pieces of equipment and 22 dental supplies. Of the Brazilian regions, the South presented the highest median, while the North and Northeast regions presented the lowest one. The oral health services presented dental offices with good availability of equipment and dental supplies to perform clinical activities. However, differences in the structure of services among the Brazilian regions was still observed.

Uso de anti-hipertensivos à noite versus pela manhã na redução de eventos cardiovasculares / Use use of antihypertensive medications at bedtime versus morning to reduce cardiovascular events

Objetivo: Comparar a utilização de anti-hipertensivos à noite versus pela manhã, na ocorrência de desfechos cardiovasculares fatais ou não fatais. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com as plataformas PUBMED / MEDLINE e EMBASE, sem restrições de data ou idioma. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados com indivíduos adultos hipertensos que avaliaram o uso de anti-hipertensivos à noite versus pela manhã com desfecho primário de mortalidade e morbidade cardiovascular. A análise do risco de viés dos estudos seguiu as recomendações da colaboração Cochrane. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1219 artigos, sendo apenas 03 estudos incluídos após critérios de elegibilidade. O estudo CONVINCE não mostrou benefício cardiovascular com essa prática. Os estudos MAPEC e Hygia mostraram redução do desfecho primário em 61% e 45%, respectivamente. Considerações finais: Devido a inconsistências na validade interna e externa dos estudos, o benefício do uso de anti-hipertensivos à noite versus pela manhã até o momento é incerto, sendo necessários novos trabalhos para confirmar ou refutar essa prática

Objective: Comparison of the use of antihypertensive drugs at bedtime versus in the morning in the occurrence of fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the PUBMED / MEDLINE and EMBASE platforms without data or language restrictions. Only randomized clinical trials that evaluated the use of antihypertensive drugs at bedtime compared to the morning were included. The required primary outcome of the clinical trials was to assess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A risk-of-bias analysis of tue studies followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: 1219 articles were found, with only 03 studies included after eligibility criteria. The CONVINCE study showed no cardiovascular benefit with this practice. The MAPEC and Hygia studies reduced the primary outcome by 61% and 45%, respectively. Final considerations: due to inconsistencies in the internal and external validity of the studies, the benefit of antihypertensive drugs at bedtime versus the morning is uncertain so far, and further clinical trials are needed to confirm or refute this practice

Modelos neuropsicobiológicos para estudo da dor e das emoções / Neuropsychobiological models for the study of pain and emotions / Modelos neuropsicológicos para el estudio del dolor y las emociones

Dor é uma experiência pessoal e subjetiva que pode apenas ser sentida pelo sofredor. A dor aguda tem a finalidade de avisar o indivíduo que algo está errado. Contudo, a dor crônica (DC) é um problema global de saúde, que afeta a qualidade de vida e torna o indivíduo parcial ou totalmente incapacitado. A pesquisa básica utiliza diversos modelos animais para o estudo da dor aguda ou crônica, bem como para o estudo das principais comorbidades oriundas de sua cronificação como a ansiedade e a depressão. Esta revisão aborda os modelos animais mais comumente utilizados neste contexto.

Pain is a personal and subjective experience that can only be felt by the sufferer. Acute pain is intended to warn the individual that something is wrong. However, chronic pain (CP) is a global health problem, affecting the quality of life and making the individual parts or disabled. Basic research uses several animal models for the study of acute or chronic pain, as well as for the study of the main comorbidities arising from their chronicity, such as anxiety and depression. This review focuses on the animal models most commonly used in this context.

El dolor es una experiencia personal y subjetiva que solo puede sentir la víctima. El dolor agudo está destinado a advertir al individuo que algo está mal. Sin embargo, el dolor crónico (EC) es un problema de salud global, que afecta la calidad de vida y hace que el individuo esté parcial o totalmente discapacitado. La investigación básica utiliza varios modelos animales para el estudio del dolor agudo o crónico, así como para el estudio de las principales comorbilidades resultantes de su cronicidad, como la ansiedad y la depresión. Esta revisión se centra en los modelos animales más utilizados en este contexto.

Concordância entre testes concorrentes para identificação de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação / Agreement between competing tests for the identification of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a concordância dos resultados de diferentes instrumentos, Movement Assessment Battery for Children - checklist e teste motor (MABC-2) e Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-BR), utilizados para indicação de transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação (TDC). Método Estudo transversal, realizado no ano de 2017, com dados de crianças entre sete e 10 anos de idade, provenientes de escolas municipais de São José/SC. Elas foram avaliadas quanto ao desempenho motor por meio dos instrumentos MABC-2 (teste motor e checklist) e DCDQ-BR. A análise estatística incluiu o coeficiente Kappa (K) para verificar a concordância entre os resultados dos instrumentos, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram do estudo 302 crianças, com média de idade de 8,5±1,09 anos. Ao comparar o MABC-2 teste motor, MABC-2 checklist e o DCDQ-BR, foram observadas concordâncias de regular a fraca (K = 0,303 / 0,116 / 0,039). Conclusão O presente estudo não identificou concordância consistente entre os resultados dos instrumentos MABC-2 e DCDQ-BR para indicação de crianças com TDC, mas a combinação deles é a forma mais completa de avaliação.

Abstract Objective To verify the agreement of the results between different instruments, Movement Assessment Battery for Children - checklist and motor test (MABC-2) and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-BR), used to indicate developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Method A cross-sectional study, carried out in 2017, with data from seven to 10-year-old children from municipal schools in São José/SC. They were evaluated for motor performance using the MABC-2 (motor test and checklist) and DCDQ-BR instruments. The statistical analysis included the Kappa coefficient (K) to verify the agreement between the results of the instruments, considering a level of significance of 5%. Results 302 children participated in the study, with a mean age of 8.5 ± 1.09 years old. When comparing the MABC-2 motor test, MABC-2 checklist, and the DCDQ-BR, we observed concordances from regular to weak (K = 0.303 / 0.116 / 0.039). Conclusion The present study did not identify consistent agreement between the results of the MABC-2 and DCDQ-BR instruments for an indication of children with DCD, but their combination is a more complete form of evaluation.