The Risk Factor Associated with Relapse in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome

Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the riskfactor associated with Relapse in Childhood NephroticSyndrome.Methodology: This Cross-sectional comparative studyconducted at Tertiary Medical College Hospital, Dhaka fromJanuary 2017 to December 2018. During the study, 100 studysubjects were included with relapsed NS out of them 50 havingFRNS (Group-A) and 50 having IFRNS (Group-B) were takenusing simple random sampling technique.Results: During the study, most of the patients in group-A andgroup-B belongs to ≥ 5 Years age group, 61% and 64 %.).Only 25% patients were completed their graduation and mostof them belong to poor economic condition. Chi-square testrevealed no statistically significant differences between therelapsed and non-relapsed groups were seen in hypertension,infection, serum creatinine level, or hematuria. However, astatistically significant difference in subjects’ nutritional statuswas observed between the relapsed and non-relapsed groups(P=0.02).Conclusion: Nutritional status of patients at the time ofdiagnosis can be used as risk factor for relapse in pediatricnephrotic disease. Clinicians should provide nutritional therapyif the NS patient is poorly nourished and reevaluate at least sixmonths after steroid therapy.

Correlation Between The Parameters Of Diffusion Capacity Of Lung With Diabetic Nephropathy, A Hospital Based Study In Eastern India

Background. Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease with complications involving eyes, kidneys, nerves and vascular system. The presence of an extensive microvasculature and abundant connective tissue raises the possibility that lung may also be a target organ in diabetes. Aims and Objectives: To compare and correlate diabetic nephropathy with parameters of diffusion capacity of lung. Methods: A total of 60 T2DM patients with or without complications of age group 35-55years and 60 age and sex matched control were included after inclusion and exclusion criteria. All subjects were evaluated for PFT with Diffusion capacity (DLCO) by single eath technique- INSPIRE HD –PFT) and status of nephropathy by microalbuminuria. DLCO was correlated with diabetic nephropathy. p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There was significant (P<0.05) changes in diffusion capacity (DLCO% and DL/VA%) in cases compared to controls and significant deterioration of diffusion of lung in Diabetic nephropathy(microalbuminuria) and that was negatively correlated with DLCO% (r=-o.53) and DL/VA% (r=-0.66) . Conclusion: There was significant impairment of diffusing capacity of lung in diabetic nephropathy cases compared to controls and also negative correlation found between microalbuminuria with diffusion capacity.

Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Purpose: Objective is to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function in SLE by simple non-invasive tests. Methods: A case control study was carried out involving 18-50 yrs old previously diagnosed SLE patients and same number of age and sex-matched controls. Parasympathetic function was assessed by heart rate (HR) response to Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing and standing. Sympathetic function was evaluated by blood pressure response to standing and sustained hand-grip test (HGT). Results: There were 50 female SLE patients. They had significantly higher minimum resting HR and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). HR variation with deep breathing, expiratory inspiratory ratio, 30:15 ratio and DBP change in response to HGT were significantly lower inpatients compared to controls. Thirty patients (60%) had at least one abnormal or two borderline test results indicating autonomic impairment of which 27 had parasympathetic dysfunction and 7 had sympathetic dysfunction. Conclusion: Autonomic dysfunction is common in SLE with higher prevalence of parasympathetic impairment.

Production of valued materials from squid viscera by subcritical water hydrolysis.

Subcritical water hydrolysis was carried out to produce valued materials from squid viscera, the waste product of fish processing industries. The reaction temperatures for hydrolysis of raw and deoiled squid viscera were maintained from180 to 280oC for 5 min. The ratio of material to water for hydrolysis was 1:50. Most of the proteins from deoiled squid viscera were recovered at high temperature. The protein yield in raw squid viscera hydrolyzate decreased with the rise of temperature. The reducing sugar yield was higher at high temperature in subcritical water hydrolysis of both raw and deoiled squid viscera. The highest yield of amino acids in raw and deoiled squid viscera hydrolyzates were 233.25±3.25 and 533.78±4.13 mg g-1 at 180 and 280oC, respectively. Most amino acids attained highest yield at the reaction temperature range of 180-220oC and 260-280oC for raw and deoiled samples, respectively. The recovery of amino acids from deoiled squid viscera was about 1.5 times higher than that of raw squid viscera.

Serum and hair zinc in severely malnourished Bangladeshi children associated with or without acute lower respiratory infection.

Objective. To assess the zinc status in Bangladeshi children suffering from severe protein energy malnutrition (severe PEM), acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), PEM presented with ALRI and to evaluate the relationship of zinc status with aforementioned clinical conditions. Methods. We assessed zinc status by simultaneous estimation of serum and hair zinc of Bangladeshi children less than 5 yr of age suffering from severe PEM, ALRI, severe PEM presented with ALRI and compared them with zinc status of wellnourished healthy children (control) in a hospital based cross sectional four cell study. Zinc concentration was estimated by Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. The number of children enrolled in severe PEM, ALRI, ALRI with PEM and control were 47, 35, 32 and 38 respectively (total number 152). Both serum and hair zinc in univariate analysis were found significantly (p<0.05) low in severe PEM, ALRI and severe PEM associated with ALRI. However, in multivariate analysis, when serum and hair zinc were included in the same model, both serum and hair zinc were found to have significant negative association with PEM (p=0.002 & 0.013 respectively) and with ALRI only when ALRI was associated with PEM (p=0.043 and 0.034 respectively). Conclusion. Severe PEM and PEM with ALRI were significantly associated with low zinc status.

Surgical anatomical measurements of patellar ligaments for blind method of medial patellar desmotomy of cattle during upward patellar fixation in Bangladesh / Mediciones anatómicas quirúrgicas del ligamento patelar por técnica ciega en la desmotomía medial patelar de ganado durante la fijación superior de la patela en Bangladesh

The study was aimed to determine the accurate location of giving incision and the width of the incision required to correct the problem of upward patellar fixation during blind method of medial patellar desmotomy. We took measurements of patellar ligaments in stifle joint of 50 indigenous and 50 crossbred slaughtered cattle without any apparent musculo-skeletal disorders were analysed. The average length and width of lateral, middle, and medial patellar ligaments for indigenous cattle were 9.360 +/- 0.339 and 3.056 +/- 0.226; 10.230 +/- 0.382 and 2.019 +/-0.258; 10.519 +/- 0.429 and 2.430 +/-0.232; for crossbred cattle 10.636 +/- 0.601 and 3.608 +/- 0.368; 11.580 +/- 0.724 and 2.330 +/- 0.205; 12.366 +/- 0.710 and 2.890 +/- 0.234 cm respectively. The average groove width for indigenous cattle and crossbred cattle between middle and medial ligament were 1.356 +/- 0.160 and 1.828 +/-0.186 cm and the highest width of groove between middle and medial patellar ligaments from the level of most cranial bulging of the cranial tibial tuberosity in the upward direction were 4.234 +/- 0.269 and 5.645 +/-0.358 cm respectively. Parameters measured were significantly different (p0.05) between indigenous and crossbred cattle. This study was suggested that incision should be made 4.234 +/- 0.269 and 5.645+/-0.398 cm proximally from the level of the most cranial bulging of cranial tibial tuberosity at the groove between middle and medial patellar ligaments, 2.430 +/-0.232 and 2.890+/-0.186 cm the mean width of the medial ligament to be cut during blind method of medial patellar desmotomy in indigenous and crossbred cattle respectively during surgical correction of upward patellar fixation.

El estudio fue dirigido a determinar la ubicación exacta de la incisión y el ancho necesario de la incisión para corregir el problema de la fijación superior patelar durante la técnica ciega de la desmotomia medial patelar. Se tomaron y analizaron medidas del ligamento patelar en la rodilla de 50 bovinos indígenas y 50 bovinos mestizos de criadero, sacrificados sin aparentes trastornos músculo-esqueléticos. El promedio de longitud y ancho lateral, central y medial del ligamento patelar para el ganado indígena fueron 9,360 +/- 0,339 y 3,056 +/- 0,226; 10,230 +/- 0,382 y 2,019 +/- 0,258; 10,519 +/- 0,429 y 2,430 +/- 0,232, y para el ganado mestizo 10,636 +/- 0,601 y 3,608 +/- 0,368; 11,580 +/- 0,724 y 2,330 +/- 0,205; 12,366 +/- 0,710 y 2,890 +/- 0,234 cm, respectivamente. El promedio del ancho del surco para el ganado bovino indígena y el mestizo entre el ligamento medio y ligamento medial fue 1,356 +/- 0,160 y 1,828 +/- 0,186 cm, y el máximo ancho del surco entre el ligamento medio y ligamento medial patelar desde el nivel más craneal del abultamiento de la tuberosidad tibial craneal en dirección hacia superior fueron 4,234 +/- 0,269 y 5,645 +/- 0,358 cm, respectivamente. Los parámetros medidos fueron significativamente diferentes (p 0,05) entre el ganado indígena y el ganado mestizo. Este estudio puede sugerir que la incisión puede ser hecha 4,234 +/- 0,269 y 5,645 +/- 0,398 cm proximalmente desde el nivel más craneal del abultamiento de la tuberosidad tibial craneal hasta el surco entre el ligamento patelar medio y medial. 2,430 +/- 0,232 y 2,890 +/- 0,186 cm fue la media del ancho del ligamento medio a ser cortada durante la técnica ciega de la desmotomía medial patelar del ganado indígena y mestizo respectivamente, durante la corrección quirúrgica de fijación superior patelar.

Zinc status in well nourished Bangladeshi children suffering from acute lower respiratory infection.

This study was done to investigate the association of zinc status of well nourished Bangladeshi children with Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI). In this case control study, simultaneous estimation of serum and hair zinc was performed in 35 well nourished children, aged 6-60 months suffering from ALRI and 38 normal matched controls. Serum zinc was low in children suffering from ALRI as compared to control (90 +/- 51 pg/dL vs 176 +/- 98 pg/dL, OR: 6, 95% CI: 1.83, 19.66;P <0.05) children. Hair zinc was also found significantly low in children suffering from ALRI as compared to control (158 + 48 1g/g vs 247 154 pg/g, OR: 3, 95% CI: 1.46, 10.04, P < 0.05). We conclude that Bangladeshi children suffering from pneumonia, have decreased levels of serum and hair zinc.