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Objective@#The present study assessed the biological characteristics of human spermatozoa at different time intervals (0, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours) after incubation at 37°C. @*Methods@#Twenty-five normozoospermic semen samples were incubated at 37°C. Incubation was performed at four time intervals of 0 (after liquefaction), 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. The samples were evaluated for sperm parameters at each time interval. @*Results@#The rate of sperm progressive motility decreased at 1.5 hours compared to 0 hours as well as 2 hours compared to 1 hour and 0 hours. The rate of non-motile spermatozoa also decreased after 2 hours compared to after 0 hours. No significant changes were observed in sperm viability (p=0.98) and non- progressive motility (p=0.48) at any time intervals. Abnormal sperm morphology increased at 1.5 hours of incubation time (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in DNA fragmentation at 1 hour compared to 0 hours (median [interquartile range]: 19.5 [4] vs. 19 [4]), as well as at 1.5 hours compared to 1 hour (20 [5]). However, a significant increase in DNA fragmentation was observed at 1.5 hours compared to 0 hours. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased remarkably after 1 hour of incubation time. No significant differences were observed in the acrosome reaction or malonaldehyde levels at any time point (p=0.34 and p=0.98, respectively). @*Conclusion@#The incubation of normozoospermic samples before use in assisted reproductive technology should be less than 1.5 hours to minimize the destructive effects of prolonged incubation time on general and specific sperm parameters.
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OBJECTIVES: The association between the spread of infectious diseases and climate parameters has been widely studied in recent decades. In this paper, we formulate, exploit, and compare three variations of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model incorporating climate data. The SIR model is a well-studied model to investigate the dynamics of influenza viruses; however, the improved versions of the classic model have been developed by introducing external factors into the model. METHODS: The modification models are derived by multiplying a linear combination of three complementary factors, namely, temperature (T), precipitation (P), and humidity (H) by the transmission rate. The performance of these proposed models is evaluated against the standard model for two outbreak seasons. RESULTS: The values of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) improved as they declined from 8.76 to 7.05 and from 98.12 to 93.01 for season 2013/14, respectively. Similarly, for season 2014/15, the RMSE and AIC decreased from 8.10 to 6.45 and from 117.73 to 107.91, respectively. The estimated values of R(t) in the framework of the standard and modified SIR models are also compared. CONCLUSIONS: Through simulations, we determined that among the studied environmental factors, precipitation showed the strongest correlation with the transmission dynamics of influenza. Moreover, the SIR+P+T model is the most efficient for simulating the behavioral dynamics of influenza in the area of interest.
Subject(s)
Basic Reproduction Number , Climate , Communicable Diseases , Epidemiology , Humidity , Influenza, Human , Iran , Least-Squares Analysis , Orthomyxoviridae , SeasonsABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effects of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) vaccines on the expression and release of antibodies, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 by serum. Methods: Balb/c mice were immunized with two formalin and iron inactivated vaccine doses within 2 weeks. The vaccines were adjuvant with P. multocida A strain, P. multocida B strain and Salmonella typhimurium bacterial DNA (AbDNA, BbDNA and SbDNA for short, respectively). The animals were challenged 4 weeks after immunization. Blood of mice was collected to detect the change of specific antibody, IL-6, and IL-12 using ELISA. Results: The specific antibody and interleukins in the immunized group increased significantly compared to the control mice after vaccination and challenge (P<0.05). The highest release of these cytokines was obtained by P. multocida inactivated with iron and adjuvant with AbDNA at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. The antibody titer peak was 0.447 in mice vaccinated with iron-killed whole-cell antigen adjunct with AbDNA. The time-courses of release showed that bacterial DNA was able to stimulate IL-6 and IL-12 production more than alum (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings introduce that bacterial DNA is capable of releasing an immunological response with several cytokines. These indicate that bacterial DNA entrapped with killed P. multocida antigen is a new and effective adjuvant to enhance specific immunity and resistance of animal against the infectious pathogen, which could simplify the development of highly promising strong adjuvant.
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Buprenorphine is a partial mu agonist and kappa antagonist which is used for the treatment of pain and opioid addiction. A mixture of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride has been approved for the treatment of opioid dependence. In this study a third order derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique has been used for the simultaneous determination of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride in tablets. The measurements were carried out at wavelengths of 257.8 [zero-crossing point of naloxone hydrochloride] and 252.2 nm [zero-crossing point of buprenorphice hydrochloride] for buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride, respectively in the third order derivative spectra obtained in methanol and 0.1 M NaOH [50:50] as solvent. The method was found to be linear in the range of 20-80 micro g/mL for buprenorphine hydrochloride and 5-20 micro g/mL for naloxone hydrochloride. The within-day and between-day coefficient of variation and error values were less than 2.5% and 1.8%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for simultaneous determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form without any interference from excipients or need to prior separation before analysis
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Background and Aims: brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis. Brucellosis is principally caused by Brucella abortus which leads to female reproductive failure and potential infertility in males. This study was done to investigate brucellosis epidemiology during 2011-2013 in Amol city
Materials and Methods: in this epidemiological study, data achieved from medical records of brucellosis patients in Amol Health Center during 2011-2013. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Chi-square was used for data analysis while statistical significance was defined as p<0.05
Results: during 2011-2013, 173 patients were reported. The highest number of brucellosis outbreaks observed in 2013. In this study 60.12% of samples were males and 39.88% were females; 68.21% were rural people and 31.79% were urban residents. The lowest disease occurrence observed in winter [15.59%] and the highest frequency observed in summer [30.62%]. In terms of occupationally exposure highest morbidity frequency [32.94%] observed in housewives. A significant and meaningful relationships between gender and the job was found [P<0.05]
Conclusion: disease incidence increased in the first 6 months of the year. Furthermore, the patients were mostly rural and men. This study revealed that brucellosis is prevalent in Amol city. Controlling and vaccination of sick animals would reduce the human cases
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Background: The particles in the range of 1-100 run are called nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticle is one of the most important metal nanoparticles with wide usage
Objective: This study investigated the effects of gold nanoparticles on sperm parameters and chromatin structure in mice
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 male bulb-c mice were divided into 9 groups including: ;4 Sham groups [Sc 1-4], 4 experimental groups [Au 1-4], and 1 control group [C]. Experimental groups received 40 and 200 fig/kg/day soluble gold [Au] nano-particles for 7 and 35 days, by intra peritoneal injection, respectively. Sham groups were treated with 1.2 rnM sodium citrate solution with 40 and 200 jag/kg/day doses for same days and control group did not receive any materials. Motility and Morphology of spermatozoa were analyzed. Chromatin quality was also evaluated using AB [Aniline blue], TB [Toluidine blue] and CMA3 [Chromomycin A3] staining methods
Results: The sperm analysis results showed that motility and morphology of sperm in experimental groups [especially in groups that have been treated for 35 days with nano-particles] had significant decrease in comparison with control group. TB, AB and CM A3 results showed a significant increase in abnormal spermatozoa from all Au-treated groups
Conclusion: Gold nano-particles firstly can reduce the sperm parameters such as motility and normal morphology and secondly affect sperm chromatin remodeling and cause the increase instability of chromatin and also increase the rate of sperm DNA damage. These deleterious effects were more obvious in maximum dose and chronic phase
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Background and Aims: ecstasy or 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA] is a brain stimulant and a hallucinogenic material prepared by chemical changes in amphetamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes induced by this drug in mouse cardiac histopathology, electrocardiogram [ECG] and blood cell counts
Materials and Methods: in this experiment, 3 groups [n=10] of mice were enrolled. Group 1, as control, received placebo. Group 2 mice were given single daily low dose [20 mg/kg/d for 28 days] of intraperitoneal MDMA, and group 3 were given single daily high dose [40 mg/kg/d for 28 days] of intraperitoneal MDMA. An AVF lead ECG record was obtained, a blood sample was taken for complete blood counts, and the heart was removed for microscopic study of tissue sections with routine staining
Results: the group 3 showed significant decrease in erythrocyte indices, myocarditis in 7 cases and monocyte infiltration around cardiac myocytes in 6 cases. In group 2, lower degree of myocardial injury was observed, but significant increase in QT and QTc durations was observed in ECG. In high dose group, red blood count, hematocrit, mean cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed significant changes in comparison with the control group
Conclusion: ecstasy can affect red blood cell index and lead to anemia. Many monocytes may be seen around cardiac cells, and increased ventricular depolarization and repolarization can lead to increase in QRS-QT interval. Combination of myocarditis, arrhythmia and sinus tachycardia reflect change in cardiac function and myocardial structure. Cardiac injury due to hypoxia and ischemia may cause myocardial infarction
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Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II [APACHE II] is one of the most general classification systems of disease severity in Intensive Care Units and Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] is one of the most specific ones. The aim of the current study was to assess APACHE II and GCS ability in predicting the outcomes [survivors, non-survivors] in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit's [PACU]. This was an observational and prospective study of 150 consecutive patients admitted in the PACU during 6-month period. Demographic information recorded on a checklist, also information about severity of disease calculated based on APACHE II scoring system in the first admission 24 h and GCS scale. Logistic regression, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curves were used in statistical analysis [95% confidence interval]. Data analysis showed a significant statistical difference between outcomes and both APACHE II and Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] [P < 0.0001]. The ROC-curve analysis suggested that the predictive ability of GCS is slightly better than APACHE II in this study. For GCS the area under the ROC curve was 86.1% [standard error [SE]: 3.8%], and for APACHE II it was 85.7% [SE: 3.5%], also the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic revealed better calibration for GCS [chi[2] = 5.177, P = 0.521], than APACHE II [chi[2] = 10.203, P = 0.251]. The survivors had significantly lower APACHE II and higher GCS compared with non-survivors, also GCS showed more predictive accuracy than APACHE II in prognosticating the outcomes in PACU
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Potential association of leptin [LEP] gene polymorphisms has been suggested in the processes leading to breast cancer initiation and progression. We investigated whether genetic variations in the LEP -2548G/A gene are associated with risk of breast cancer. This case-control study consisted of 100 breast cancer cases and 100 control subjects without breast cancer that matched for age and body mass index [BMI]. Genotyping of LEP -2548G/A polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] assay. Serum leptin level was determined by ELISA in all study subjects. The genotype distributions [AA, AG, and GG] were 36, 55, and 9% in breast cancer cases and 52, 45, and 3% in control group, respectively. The frequency of LEP -2548 GG genotype was significantly elevated in breast cancer cases as compared to controls [chi2=6.90, p=0.032]. Similar difference was also found in allele frequencies between two groups [chi2=5.65, p=0.017]. A markedly increase risk of breast cancer was associated with the LEP -2548GG genotype when compared to the LEP -2548 AA genotype [OR=4.33, 95% CI=1.09-17.22]. In addition, postmenopausal women who bear at least one LEP -2548 G allele were at a markedly increased risk of breast cancer after adjusting for age and BMI confounders [OR=12.24, 95% CI=1.13-131.73]. The LEP -2548 G/A polymorphism is associated with markedly increased risk of breast cancer especially in postmenopausal Ahvazian women and supported the hypothesis that leptin is involved in breast cancer
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Leptin/blood , Polymorphism, Genetic , Case-Control Studies , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Background: Disaster management relies on the prediction of problems and providing necessary preparations at the right time and place. In this study, researchers intended to explore previous experiences of health disaster management
Materials and Methods: This study conducted using qualitative content analysis method. Participants were selected purposefully and data were collected through interviews, observation, and relevant documents
Results: Transcribed data from 18 interviews, field notes, and other documents were analyzed. In data analysis, "reactive management" was emerged as the main theme. It included some categories such as "exposure shock," "nondeliberative relief," "lack of comprehensive health disaster plan," "lack of preparedness," and "poor coordination in health service delivery" as well as contextual factors
Conclusion: The results clarified deep perception of participants' experiences about health management in disasters. The professionals and nonprofessionals' emotion-based reactions and behaviors, if accompanied with deficiencies in planning and preparedness, can lead to ineffective services and aggravate the damages
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Previous studies have demonstrated that clinical features of 16TPolycystic ovary syndrome16T [PCOS] are associated with a lower degree of health, self, and sex satisfaction. Our study aimed to investigate possible associations between depression and different clinicobiochemical markers of PCOS. In a cross-sectional analytic study, 120 PCOS women aged 18-45 yr, were enrolled. Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depression. Also, all participants underwent biochemical studies. Individuals with 15 points and more in Beck test were referred to a psychiatrist to participate in a complementary interview for the diagnosis of depression based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV [DSMIV-TR] criteria. Among the study participants, 82 women [68.3%] were non-depressed, and 38 patients [31.7%] had some degrees of depression. According to the psychiatric interview, 10 patients [8.3%] had major depression, 22 patients [18.3%] had minor depression and 6 patients [5%] had dysthymia. We failed to show any significant difference in body mass index, hirsutism, infertility, serum total testosterone, lipid profile, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] between depressed and non-depressed subjects [p>0.05]. Using Spearman correlation, we did not find a positive correlation between BDI scores and clinicobiochemical markers for all PCOS subjects [-0.139 0.05]. In spite of high rate of depression in women with PCOS, there was no significant association between Clinicobiochemical Markers and depression
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In spite of the existing reports on behavioural and biochemical changes related to the cerebellum due to noise stress, not much is known about the effect of noise stress on the neuronal changes in the cerebellum. The present study aims at investigating the effects from one week noise exposure on granule cell number and Purkinje cell volume within the neonate rat cerebellum. 15-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into noise exposed [NE] and control groups [n=8 in each group]. NE rats exposed to loud noise [100 dB/30 min/3 times per day] during the third postnatal week. One cerebellar half was selected at random for estimating the volume of the cerebellar layers and neuronal quantifications and the other was used for estimating individual somal volume of Purkinje cells. Cavalieri's principle, physical disector and nucleator methods were employed respectively for unbiased estimation of the volumes of the cerebellar layers, the numerical density of neurons and the individual volume of Purkinje cells. Results of this study show that noise stress significantly decreases the volume of granule layer together with decreased numerical density and total number of granule cells in the cerebellum. Furthermore, a decrease in somal volume of Purkinje cells was found in NE rats. These results, for the first time, demonstrate an effect of noise stress on the granule cell number and individual volume of Purkinje cells in rat cerebellum
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To determine the association between high hemoglobin with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] and preeclampsia in pregnant women in the first trimester. This cohort study was conducted among 973 pregnant women who started their antenatal booking in the first trimester [first 14 weeks of gestation]. Women with first-visit high Hb levels [> 12.5 g/L] on first visit of the pregnancy period were selected as the study group and were compared with those who had normal Hb value [< 12.5 g/L] as controls. Adverse pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia and GDM were compared between the two groups. Complete obstetric records of 448 women with high Hb levels and 486 women with normal Hb levels were studied. The follow up showed that the women with high Hb levels had significantly higher rates of preeclampsia and GDM than those with normal Hb levels; the risks were 5.4 [95% cl; 2.8 to 10.5] and 3.7 [95%cl; 2.2 to 6.4], respectively. This study found that high Hb in the first trimester is associated with higher risk of subsequent preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Diabetes, Gestational , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnancy , Hemoglobins/analysis , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Non-antifungal drugs appear promising in treatment of opportunistic infections of Candida spp. that are often resistant to current antifungals. The broth macrodilution method [NCCLS M27-P document] was used to compare the antifungal activity of trifluoperazine, pro-pranolol, and lansoprazole with that of ketoconazole and amphotericin B, using 50 yeast isolates from the Gl tract. The minimum fungicidal concentrations [MFCs], resistance rates and the time required for fungicidal activity of the drugs [2 - 48 hours] were determined. The most effective antifungal activity was exhibited by trifluoperazine. Its MFC was 32 microg/mL for Candida albicans [3.3% resistance] and Candida spp. [0% resistance] yeasts, and 64 ug/mL for Candida tropicalis with 10% resistance. The MFC for C. albicans and Candida spp. was comparable to that of ketoconazole. However, the time required for the inhibitory effect [6 hr] was shorter than that of ketoconazole [48 hr] or amphotericin B [24 hr]. The time required for the inhibitory activity on C. tropicalis was 24 hr, which was shorter than that of ketoconazole and amphotericin B [48 hr]. A considerable number [40%] of Candida spp. showed resistance to ketoconazole, and 20% of C. tropicalis showed resistance to amphotericin B. Trifluoperazine, an antipsychotic drug, exhibited effective antifungal activity with the MFC, comparable to ketoconazole [32 microg/mL]. Among the three yeast groups, C. tropicalis showed resistance to trifluoperazine and amphotericin B, and Candida spp. was considerably resistant to ketoconazole. Trifluoperazine could be considered as an alternative antifungal when encountering Candida spp. resistant to current antifungals
Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents , Gastrointestinal Tract , Trifluoperazine , Propranolol , 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles , Ketoconazole , Amphotericin B , Candida albicans , Candida tropicalisABSTRACT
Hamadan is a province with high incidence rate of suicide. The present study was conducted to assess suicide and its associated risk factors in this province. In this cross-sectional study, all cases of suicide occurred in the province, were investigated from April 2008 to March 2010. The data were collected from Provincial Health Center and Forensic Medicine's databases using a checklist developed according to the available records. A number of 5414 suicide attempts had occurred [with 8.4% deaths] including 2753 women [with 3.4% death] and 2660 men [with 13.7% death]. Majority of the suicide attempts and com-pleted suicides occurred among adults aged 20-29 years. About 6.7% of the cases who attempted for suicide and 14.2% of the cases who died from suicide had a previous history of suicide attempt [P<0.001]. Familial problems [49.7%] and psychiatric disorders [31.6%] were among the most common reasons of suicide attempt. Using drugs [74.0%] were the most common method of attempting suicide while hanging [83.6%], burning [74.2%], and gunshot [52.4%] were the most common leading causes of completed suicide [P<0.001]. Adjusted odds ratio estimate of completed suicide in males against females was 2.27 [95% CI: 1.63, 3.14]. The odds of completed suicide increased 1.43 [95% CI: 1.30, 1.57] fold per 10 years of age. This survey identified and highlighted the most common and important potential risk factors for suicide. In addition, the effects of various demographic risk factors on suicide attempt and completed suicide were examined. These evidences may be useful for future research, policy, and treatment efforts aimed at understanding and preventing suicide.
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Alzheimer's disease [AD] is characterized by progressive neuronal loss in hippocamp. Epidermal neural crest stem cells [EPI-NCSC] can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of transplanting EPI-NCSC into AD rat model. Two weeks after induction of AD by injection of Amyloid-beta 1-40 into CA1 area of rat hippocamp, Y-maze and single-trial passive avoidance tests were used to show deficit of learning and memory abilities. EPI-NCSC were obtained from the vibrissa hair follicle of rat, cultured and labeled with bromodeoxyuridine. When Alzheimer was proved by behavioral tests, EPI-NCSC was transplanted into CA3 area of hippocamp in AD rat model. The staining of EPI-NCSC markers [nestin and SOX10] was done in vitro. Double-labeling immunofluorescence was performed to study survival and differentiation of the grafted cells. We showed that transplanted EPI-NCSC survive and produce many neurons and a few glial cells, presenting glial fibrillary acidic protein. Total number of granule cells in hippocamp was estimated to be more in the AD rat model with transplanted cells as compared to AD control group. We observed that rats with hippocampal damage made more errors than control rats on the Y-maze, when reward locations were reversed. Transplanted cells were migrated to all areas of hippocamp and the total number of granule cell in treatment group was equal compared to control group. Transplantation of EPI-NCSC into hippocamp might differentiate into cholinergic neurons and could cure impairment of memory in AD rat model
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Spinal Cord/surgery , Epidermis/cytology , Disease Models, Animal , Graft Survival , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , CA3 Region, Hippocampal , CA1 Region, Hippocampal , RatsABSTRACT
There are several factors influencing the water quality based on its usage. The quality of drinking water is of the vital concern for human health and life. An essential attempt has to be done to develop a water quality index [WQI] corresponding with different conditions and characteristics of the relevant river" or water body such as geographical, hydrological, discharge rate and pollution sources. The index is not specifically focused on human health or aquatic life regulations. However, a water index based on some very important parameters can determine a simple indicator of water quality. In the present study, the Gorganrood water quality has been evaluated by available NSF water quality index. Subsequently, the nine present NSF parameters' weights have been changed and modified using the analytical hierarchy process [AHP] method as well as experts' opinions in the field in a way to satisfy local conditions. In the newly developed WQI, more weights are given to relation with these parameters it can be said that the factors like dissolved oxygen [Do], fecal coliform [Fc] and biological oxygen demand [BOD] when compared with NSF-WQI
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Rivers , Water/chemistry , Water Microbiology , EnterobacteriaceaeABSTRACT
Introduction: Due to the close association between clinical competency and the quality of care concept, clinical competency has a special place in evaluating medical sciences students. This study was performed to investigate perceived clinical self-efficacy among students at the beginning and end of clinical education course and compare it to teachers' evaluation of students' clinical competencies
Methods: This descriptive correlational cross-sectional study performed on all students of physiotherapy [PT], occupational therapy [OT], speech therapy [ST], and social working [SW] in Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences University. Data was gathered using a researcher made questionnaire distributed at two points, once at the 4[th] semester and once again at the 8[th] semester. Data was analyzed using independent t-test and variance analysis
Results: The mean of perceived clinical self-efficacy was in the range of 51-100 for students of all disciplines. The mean score of overall perceived self-efficacy of all students in all disciplines was significantly higher in the 8[th] semester compared to that of the 4[th] semester. The correlation coefficient between teachers' evaluation and students' perception from their own clinical self-efficacy was insignificant [r=0.04]
Conclusion: Students' self-evaluation of clinical competency could provide valuable and complementary information for evaluating medical sciences students. Setting educational objectives according to students' needs and faculty members' viewpoints as well as adopting qualitative strategies for educational evaluation and emphasizing on self-efficacy perception in students, may lead to qualitative improvement of educational procedures
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Synchronous upper urinary tract tumor and superficial bladder tumor are uncommon. This is a report of a 62- year- old man presented with episode of painless gross hematuria and flank pain. We worked him up and found a left renal mass and bladder lesion. He underwent nephrectomy and TUR-BT, and the pathology report of both showed a high grade urothelial transitional cell carcinoma. The patient was followed by surveillance protocol for ureter stump. Our report included an uncommon case of high grade synchronous upper urinary tract and bladder transitional cell carcinoma
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Hematuria , Flank Pain , Urologic NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Fluoroquinolones are an important group of antimicrobial agents that are used widely in the treatment of various infectious diseases. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize new N-piperazinyl quinolone derivatives with 5-chloro-2-theinyl group having possible antimicrobial activity. Reaction of ciprofloxacin [1], norfloxacin [2] and enoxacin [3] with alpha-bromoketone 10 or alpha-bromooxime derivatives 11a-c in DMF, in the presence of NaHCO[3] at room temperature, afforded corresponding ketones 4a-c or oxime derivatives 5-7[a-c], respectively. The synthesized compounds were tested against a series of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of MIC tests against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that ciprofloxacin derivatives [compounds 4a, 5a, 6a and 7a] were more active than norfloxacin and enoxacin analogues. Compound 5a, containing N-[2-[5-chlorothiophen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyiminoethyl] residue provided a high in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC of 0.06, 0.125, 0.5 and 0.125 micro g/mL against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. feacalis and B. subtilis, respectively. Its activity was found to be 4 to 8 times better than reference drug [ciprofloxacin] against all Gram-positive bacteria with the exception of E. feacalis