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1.
Cienc. act. fís. (Talca, En línea) ; 24(2): 1-18, dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528266

ABSTRACT

La aplicación de las políticas públicas deportivas locales (PPDL) de la comuna de Linares se han visualizado gracias a la aplicación del Plan de Desarrollo Comunal de Actividad Física y Deportes (PDC AFyD) en el período 2018 - 2022 en la comunidad y las organizaciones deportivas locales (OODD), así como de funcionarios del propio municipio. Para conocer la percepción sobre la aplicación de PPDL se aplica una entrevista semiestructurada y confeccionada para tales efectos, a 28 dirigentes deportivos y 18 funcionarios municipales, de un universo muestral total de 127 posibles. Los individuos indican que, pese a ver cambios favorables en el período desconocen el proceso y, por ende, el mecanismo aplicado para el cambio, lo que despotencia la comprensión de la PPDL y el desarrollo de ésta por medio de las propias OODD y el municipio. La aplicación de las PPDL por medio de sus distintas herramientas e instrumentos requiere que se desarrolle bajo un proceso de consulta, pertinencia y complementación entre municipio, OODD, mundo educativo y vecinos beneficiarios; todo dentro de un marco de comunicación e información concreta y permanente que logre involucrar a todos los actores, brindando con ello una cuota de responsabilidad en su ejecución, control y evaluación.


The application of local public policies on sports (LPSP) of the commune of Linares has been visualized thanks to the application of the Communal Development Plan for Physical Activity and Sports (CDP PA&S) in the period 2018 - 2022 in the community and local sports organizations (LSO), as well as officials of the municipality itself. To know the perception of the implementation of LPSP, a semi-structured interview was applied to 28 sports leaders and 18 municipal officials out of a total sample universe of 127 possible. The individuals indicate that, despite seeing favorable changes in the period, they are unaware of the process and, therefore, the mechanism applied for change, which undermines the understanding of the LPSP and its development through the LSOO and the municipality. The application of the LPSP through its different tools and instruments requires that it be developed under a process of consultation, relevance, and complementarity between the municipality, LSOO, the educational world and beneficiary neighbors; all under a framework of communication and concrete and permanent information that manages to involve all the actors, thus providing a share of responsibility in its execution, control, and evaluation.


A implementação das políticas esportivas públicas locais (PEPL) na comuna de Linares foi visualizada graças à implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Comunitário para Atividade Física e Esporte (PDC AFyE) no período 2018 - 2022 na comunidade e organizações esportivas locais (OOEE), bem como funcionários do próprio município. Foi realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada com 28 líderes esportivos e 18 funcionários municipais de um universo de amostra total de 127. Os indivíduos indicam que, apesar de verem mudanças favoráveis no período, não conhecem o processo e, portanto, o mecanismo aplicado para a mudança, o que prejudica a compreensão do PEPL e seu desenvolvimento através do OOEE e do próprio município. A implementação do PEPL através de suas diferentes ferramentas e instrumentos requer um processo de consulta, relevância e complementaridade entre o município, o OOEE, o mundo educacional e os vizinhos beneficiários; tudo isso dentro de uma estrutura de comunicação e informação concreta e permanente que envolva todos os atores, proporcionando assim uma parcela de responsabilidade em sua implementação, controle e avaliação.

2.
Salud ment ; 46(5): 223-230, Sep.-Oct. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1522921

ABSTRACT

Abstract The breakdown of German psychiatry with the coming to power of the National Socialist regime in 1933 resulted in a revival after the war of bioethical issues, the immediate effect of which was the enactment of the Nuremberg Code. In many ways, this breakdown was the result of the historical evolution of psychomedical knowledge and the mass dissemination of reductionist discourses and ideas that created a breeding ground for tragedy. The cyclical discourse of psychic materialism, which has been repeated for centuries in the history of science in different formulations, can, if not properly interpreted, lead to far-reaching appropriations and risks, to which due attention must be paid. The latest manifestation of this issue, the view of mental life as basically cerebral, neurological, biochemical, and determinist, a view that has not been managed or presented adequately to the public, could become the basis for perverse new perspectives and applications in the current context of research and academic activity.


Resumen La llamada "quiebra" de la psiquiatría alemana en 1933, tras la llegada al poder del régimen nacionalsocialista, tuvo como resultado una reactivación de la cuestión bioética, cuyo efecto inmediato fue la promulgación del famoso Código de Nuremberg. En más de un sentido, tal ruptura fue el resultado del devenir histórico del conocimiento psicomédico, así como de la difusión masiva de discursos e ideas reduccionistas que terminaron por generar un caldo de cultivo propicio para la tragedia. El discurso cíclico del materialismo psíquico, que se reedita en la historia de la ciencia, en diferentes formatos y formulaciones, desde hace siglos, no bien interpretado, puede inducir apropiaciones y riesgos de largo alcance a los que se debe prestar la debida atención. Así, el último episodio de este asunto, la visión de la vida mental como vida básicamente cerebral, neurológica, bioquímica y determinista, no bien gestionado y presentado a la opinión pública, aunado a las condiciones actuales de la actividad investigadora y académica, podría convertirse en piedra angular de nuevas perspectivas y aplicaciones perversas de este asunto.

3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(2): 170-176, feb. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1522080

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The success of breast cancer (BC) treatment depends largely on the clinical-histological characteristics of the patient. Immunohistochemical (IHC) Breast Cancer Subtypes are crucial for therapeutic purposes. AIM: To determine the relevance and prevalence of the histopathological parameters and molecular subtypes of BC among women attending public health services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 199 female patients with histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer, treated at a Guayaquil city hospital in Ecuador, from January 2014 to December 2017. RESULTS: Luminal A carcinoma was the most prevalent tumor in the studied women (54%). Thirty seven percent of patients did not have nodal involvement, 40% had one to three lymph nodes involved and 2% had 10 or more nodes involved. Most patients had a tumor size > 2 and ≤ 5 cm (72%) and moderately differentiated specifications (57%). CONCLUSIONS: The study allowed the characterization of breast cancer according to the prevalence of molecular subtypes and clinical and histological characteristics. These factors determine therapeutic behaviors that optimize the use of the limited resources of the Public Health System.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma , Prognosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Ecuador/epidemiology
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 47: e62, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432097

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es describir la experiencia en el proceso de homologación de vacunas contra la COVID-19 en Chile durante los años 2021 y 2022, y los principales obstáculos durante su implementación. La homologación de vacunas se realiza en América del Sur, y en el caso de Chile, ha sido un proyecto exitoso, con más de dos millones de vacunas validadas desde distintos países. Se trata de un proceso sistemático de revisión y aprobación, realizado por profesionales capacitados, que ha permitido mantener las relaciones internacionales con otros países y cumplir con los objetivos propuestos por la autoridad sanitaria. A pesar de lo exitoso del proyecto, ha dejado a la luz distintas situaciones, como brechas digitales en la población, diferencias en los sistemas de registro y en los tipos de vacunas administradas en cada país. Se han propuesto como soluciones un centro de atención al público para usuarios con dificultades para manejar la tecnología, la flexibilización de las exigencias para homologar y la posibilidad de continuar el esquema de vacunación en Chile, siempre con el objetivo de proteger a la población y así reducir el potencial riesgo de transmitir la enfermedad y mantener la salud pública.


ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to describe the experience in Chile, during 2021 and 2022, with the validation of COVID-19 vaccines administered abroad and the main obstacles during the implementation of this process. This validation is given throughout South America and, in the case of Chile, it has been a successful undertaking with the validation of more than two million vaccines from different countries. Validation is a systematic process involving reviews conducted by trained professionals, which helps maintain international relations with other countries and fulfill the objectives set forth by the health authority. Despite the project's success, it has brought to light situations such as digital gaps in the population and differences in the reporting systems and types of vaccines administered in each country. The following solutions have been proposed: a public contact center for users having difficulty with the technology; more flexible requirements for validation; and the possibility of continuing with the vaccination program in Chile, always focused on protecting the population, reducing the potential risk of disease transmission, and maintaining public health.


RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a experiência com o processo de registro de vacinação contra a COVID-19 no Chile em 2021 e 2022 e identificar os principais obstáculos encontrados na implementação. Na América do Sul, as vacinações são registradas e, no caso do Chile, esse foi um processo bem-sucedido, com a validação de mais de 2 milhões de vacinações feitas em outros países. Trata-se de um processo sistemático de revisão e aprovação realizado por profissionais capacitados, que permitiu manter as relações internacionais com outros países e cumprir os objetivos propostos pela autoridade sanitária. Apesar de seu sucesso, o projeto trouxe à tona vários entraves, como lacunas digitais na população, diferenças nos sistemas de registro de vacinação e discrepâncias nos tipos de vacinas administradas em cada país. Foram propostas soluções, como a criação de um centro de atendimento para usuários com dificuldades em lidar com a tecnologia, o relaxamento das exigências para obter o registro da vacinação e a possibilidade de continuar com o esquema de vacinação no Chile, sempre com o objetivo de proteger a população e, assim, reduzir o risco de transmissão da doença e preservar a saúde pública.

5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1449927

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el potencial investigador cubano en el ámbito de las ataxias y su evolución temporal. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Web of Science y se obtuvieron todos los documentos publicados entre 1993 y 2020. Se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos para explorar la producción, dispersión, distribución y crecimiento anual de los documentos (ley de Price, ley de Lotka, índice de transitoriedad y modelo de Bradford). Se calculó el índice de participación y colaboración de países e instituciones y, por cartografía bibliométrica, se exploraron las redes de coocurrencia de los términos más utilizados. La producción científica de Cuba sobre ataxias hereditarias es alta (219 documentos) y se ajusta a un crecimiento lineal (r= 0,7580). El período estudiado concentra el 47,95 por ciento de los registros con un ritmo anual de publicaciones del 6,6 por ciento y tiempo de duplicidad de 10,8 años. El total de citas fue de 3807 (índice medio: 131,27; índice -h: 31). Se concluye que el crecimiento de la literatura científica cubana sobre ataxias fue lineal para el período estudiado, lo que confirma el incumplimiento de la ley de Price de crecimiento de la literatura científica. El estudio también corrobora la importante red de integración y cooperación internacional entre los diferentes autores y la interdisciplinariedad de los trabajos, evidencia del éxito del Centro para la Investigación y Rehabilitación de las Ataxias Hereditarias (CIRAH), al planificar una estrategia de colaboración científica con objetivos definidos(AU)


The objective of this study was to characterize the Cuban research potential in the field of ataxias and its temporal evolution. A search was carried out in the Web of Science database and all the documents published from 1993 to 2020 were retrieved. Bibliometric indicators were applied to explore the production, dispersion, distribution and annual growth of the documents (Price's law, Lotka's law, transience index and Bradford model). The participation and collaboration index of countries and institutions was calculated and, through bibliometric cartography, the co-occurrence networks of the most used terms were explored. The Cuban scientific production on hereditary ataxias is high (219 documents) and it adjusts to a linear growth (r = 0.7580). The period studied concentrates 47.95percent of the records with an annual publication rate of 6.6percent and 10.8 years' duplication time. The total number of citations was 3807 (mean index: 131.27; h-index: 31). Growth of the Cuban scientific literature on ataxias was concluded to be linear for the period studied, which confirms the non-compliance with Price's law of growth of scientific literature. The study also corroborates the important network of integration and international cooperation among the different authors and the interdisciplinarity of the papers, marking the success of the Center for Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), when planning a strategy of scientific collaboration with objectives defined(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ataxia/epidemiology , Spinocerebellar Degenerations/congenital , Bibliometrics , Science and Technology Information Networks , Scientific Publication Indicators , Cuba
6.
Saúde debate ; 46(spe4): 152-165, nov. 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424538

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Este relato de experiência teve como objetivo analisar o processo de formação de ouvidores do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), uma parceria entre a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (Ensp/ Fiocruz), a Rede Brasileira de Escola de Saúde Pública (RedEscola) e a Secretaria de Gestão Estratégica e Participativa do SUS (SGEP/MS). Considerada pioneira, a formação foi desenvolvida dentro da lógica de construção participativa, envolvendo atores municipais, estaduais e nacionais das Ouvidorias do SUS, instituições/escolas de saúde pública estaduais, Conselho Nacional de Secretarias Municipais de Saúde (Conasems) e Secretaria Técnica e Executiva da RedEscola, em uma articulação de governança consertada que resultou na formação de 451 ouvidores.


ABSTRACT This experience report aimed to analyze the vocational education of ombudsmen in the Unified Health System (SUS). This project was a partnership between the Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP/FIOCRUZ), the Brazilian Network of Public Health Schools (RedEscola), and the SUS Strategic and Participatory Management Secretary (SGEP/MS). Considered pioneering, the vocational education was developed within the logic of a participatory process which involved municipal, state and national actors from SUS Ombudsman offices, state public health institutions/schools, the National Council of Municipal Health Secretaries (CONASEMS), and the RedEscola's Technical and Executive Secretary in a consensual governance articulation resulting in the qualification of 451 ombudsmen.

7.
Medisur ; 20(5): 956-967, sept.-oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405983

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento la creciente demanda de nuevos analgésicos y sustancias neuromoduladoras en general para el tratamiento del dolor, hace necesario estandarizar el uso de estos. En el caso de la ketamina, la mayoría de las investigaciones giran en torno a su uso en el abordaje de los dolores agudos en situaciones de emergencias médicas. Objetivo realizar una revisión de la literatura científica actual sobre las potencialidades de la ketamina en el tratamiento del dolor oncológico. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con diseño no experimental, longitudinal, el cual mediante la revisión documental en torno al tema de la ketamina en el manejo del dolor oncológico, permitió desarrollar una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos publicados en el período 2010-2019. Para ello fue aplicada la metodología Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, según la cual fue desarrollado el proceso de extracción, búsqueda y elegibilidad de los artículos. Resultados: de un total de 250 artículos encontrados en la búsqueda inicial, fueron seleccionados 6, al considerar los criterios de selección muestral. Los que más se relacionaron con la salida de artículos, fueron el efecto de solapamiento y el temporal. Se obtuvieron respuestas positivas por cualquier vía de administración de la ketamina, excepto la tópica, variante aplicada precisamente en el estudio de mayor alcance. Conclusión conforme a la evidencia analizada en el presente trabajo, en tres de los seis estudios evaluados no se confirma la efectividad de la ketamina. No obstante, en dosis subanestésica aún podría considerarse su uso para el manejo del dolor oncológico.


ABSTRACT Background The growing demand for new analgesics and neuromodulatory substances in general for the treatment of pain, makes it necessary to standardize their use. In the case of ketamine, most research revolves around its use in treating acute pain in medical emergencies. Objective to carry out a review of the current scientific literature on the potentialities of ketamine in the treatment of cancer pain. Methods a descriptive study was carried out, with a non-experimental, longitudinal design, which, through a documentary review on the subject of ketamine in the management of cancer pain, allowed the development of a systematic review of scientific articles published from 2010 to 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology was applied, according to which the extraction, search and eligibility process of the articles was developed. Results of a total of 250 articles found in the initial search, 6 were selected, considering the sample selection criteria. The ones that were most related to the output of articles were the overlap effect and the temporal effect. Positive responses were obtained by any route of administration of ketamine, except topical, a variant applied precisely in the largest study. Conclusion according to the evidence analyzed in this study, the effectiveness of ketamine is not confirmed in three of the six studies evaluated. However, in subanesthetic doses, its use could still be considered for the management of cancer pain.

8.
Medisur ; 20(4): 607-616, jul.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405947

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento La afectación cognitiva en pacientes con neurocisticercosis es frecuente, por lo tanto, resulta de gran utilidad contar con instrumentos pronósticos para establecer un mejor manejo de esta. Objetivo proponer una escala predictiva de deterioro cognitivo en pacientes adultos con neurocisticercosis. Métodos estudio con diseño correlacional, prospectivo y transversal, que incluyó 93 pacientes con neurocisticercosis. A través de datos aportados por investigaciones previas, se seleccionaron las variables, las cuales se relacionaron con la aparición de deterioro cognitivo en el análisis bivariado (p<0,05). Como técnica de análisis multivariado, se realizó un escalamiento multidimensional (PROXSCAL) (s-stress < 0,001 y coeficiente de congruencia de Tucker > 0,999). Se determinó el rendimiento pronóstico de cada uno de las variables, mediante la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivo y negativo, con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados se elaboró una escala con formato dicotómico, que incluyó 7 factores (4 clínicos y 3 tomográficos), con los que se obtuvo una puntuación de 0 a 7 puntos para la predicción de deterioro cognitivo en pacientes adultos con neurocisticercosis, con una probabilidad de: 0-1 punto: 75,3 %; 2-3 puntos: 95 %; ≥ 4 puntos: 96 %. Conclusión El instrumento propuesto presenta una precisión pronóstica aceptable; es sencillo, reproducible y necesita poco tiempo para su aplicación. A pesar de sus limitaciones, pudiera mejorar la calidad de la atención de los pacientes con neurocisticercosis, pues permite orientar el manejo de esta condición.


ABSTRACT Background Cognitive impairment in patients with neurocysticercosis is frequent, therefore, it is very useful to have prognostic instruments to establish a better management of it. Objective to propose a predictive scale of cognitive impairment in adult patients with neurocysticercosis. Methods study with a correlational, prospective and cross-sectional design, which included 93 patients with neurocysticercosis. Through data provided by previous research, the variables were selected, which were related to the appearance of cognitive impairment in the bivariate analysis (p<0.05). As a multivariate analysis technique, a multidimensional scaling (PROXSCAL) was performed (s-stress < 0.001 and Tucker's congruence coefficient > 0.999). The prognostic performance of each of the variables was determined by means of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, with their respective 9 5% confidence intervals. Results a scale with a dichotomous format was developed, which included 7 factors (4 clinical and 3 tomographic), with which a score of 0 to 7 points was obtained for the prediction of cognitive impairment in adult patients with neurocysticercosis, with a probability of: 0-1 point: 75.3 %; 2-3 points: 95 %; ≥ 4 points: 96 %. Conclusion The proposed instrument has an acceptable prognostic accuracy; it is simple, reproducible and requires little time for its application. Despite its limitations, it could improve the quality of care for patients with neurocysticercosis, since it allows guiding the management of this condition.

9.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 74(3): 290-294, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407924

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El principal factor pronóstico del cáncer gástrico es la etapa al momento del diagnóstico, siendo indispensable evaluar la mejoría en la obtención de diagnósticos estadios precoces. En Chile no existen estudios focalizados en este punto. Objetivos: Comparar los casos de cáncer gástrico en los períodos 2006-2011 y 2012-2017, en el Hospital Base Osorno y evaluar si se logró una mejora en el estadio al momento del diagnóstico en el segundo período. Materiales y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, sobre base de datos prospectiva del Hospital Base San José Osorno. El período de análisis fue enero 2006-diciembre 2017. Los casos recopilados se dividieron en 2 grupos según fecha de diagnóstico: período 2006-2011 (G1) y período 2012-2017(G2). Para realizar el análisis se aplicó test estadístico de Fisher y x2. Resultados: Se incluyeron en total 353 pacientes, 233 (66%) corresponden a sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 64,34 (24-87). 182 (51,55%) pacientes con etapificación patológica y 171 (49,45%) con etapificación clínica. Se evaluaron ambos períodos en cada grupo. No hubo diferencias significativas en las características demográficas. En los pacientes con etapificación patológica el G2 hubo mayor detección de cáncer incipiente pero no fue significativo p 0,201. En los pacientes con etapificación clínica hubo una disminución en la proporción de diagnósticos en etapa IV 59 (49,58%) p < 0,001. Conclusión: Existió un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la detección de adenocarcinoma gástrico en etapificación clínica, se requieren mayores estudios para evaluar nuevos factores.


Background: The main prognostic factor for gastric cancer is the stage at the time of diagnosis, and it is essential to evalúate improvements in obtaining early-stage diagnoses. In Chile there are no studies focused on this point. Aim: To compare the cases of gastric cancer in the periods 2006-2011 and 2012-2017 in the Hospital Base Osorno and to evalúate any improvement in the stage at diagnosis during the second period. Materials and Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out based on a prospective database from the Hospital Base San Jose Osorno. The analysis period was between January 2006-December 2017.The collected cases were divided into 2 groups according to the date of diagnosis: period 2006-2011 (G1) and period 2012-2017 (G2). Fisher test and x2 were applied. Results: A total of 353 patients were included, 233 (66%) were male, mean age of 64,34 (24-87). 182 (51.55%) patients with pathological staging and 171 (49.45%) with clinical staging. Both periods were evaluated in each group. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics. In patients with pathological staging, G2 had a higher detection of incipient cancer but it was not significant p 0.201. In patients with clinical staging, there was a decrease in the proportion of stage IV diagnoses 59 (49.58%) p < 0.001. Conclusión: There was a statistically significant increase in the detection of gastric adenocarcinoma in clinical staging. Further studies are required to evaluate new factors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma , Retrospective Studies , Neoplasm Staging
10.
Medisur ; 20(3)jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405921

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: Muchos pacientes con neurocisticercosis manifiestan deterioro cognitivo, con afectaciones importantes en su calidad de vida. Objetivo determinar la correlación entre el estado cognitivo y los hallazgos tomográficos en pacientes con neurocisticercosis. Métodos estudio correlacional, prospectivo y transversal, que incluyó a 93 pacientes con diagnóstico de neurocisticercosis atendidos en dos hospitales ecuatorianos, desde mayo de 2019 a mayo de 2020. Para la valoración cognitiva se utilizó el Mini-Mental State Examination, de Folstein. Se estimó el riesgo relativo y la prueba de Chi cuadrado, considerando significación estadística si p<0,05. Para el análisis multivariado se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados entre los hallazgos tomográficos, se destacaron las lesiones mayores de 1 cm (32,2 %), las múltiples (30,1 %), localizadas en la región parietal (34,4 %) y las subaracnoideas (46,2 %). La evaluación cognitiva mostró resultados normales en 74,2 % de los casos, así como demencia leve a moderada en 9,7 % de los pacientes. El área más afectada fue la del lenguaje (54,8 %). La demencia se asoció principalmente con el tamaño de la lesión mayor de un 1 centímetro [RR: 7,35; IC 95 %: 1,62-33,3], seguido del número de lesiones (múltiples o racemosa) y la topografía mixta. En el análisis multivariado estas perdieron la correlación. Conclusión El déficit cognitivo tuvo una prevalencia menor a la descrita en la literatura especializada, y se asoció con variables tomográficas como el tamaño, número y localización de las lesiones; en el análisis multivariado, ninguno de estos factores mantuvo su significación estadística.


ABSTRACT Background Many patients with neurocysticercosis manifest cognitive damage, with important effects on their quality of life. Objective to determine the correlation between cognitive status and tomographic findings in patients with neurocysticercosis. Method correlational, prospective and cross-sectional study, which included 93 patients diagnosed with neurocysticercosis treated in two Ecuadorian hospitals, from May 2019 to May 2020. The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive assessment. The relative risk and the Chi square test were estimated, considering statistical significance if p<0.05. For the multivariate analysis, a binary logistic regression model was used. Results among the tomographic findings, lesions greater than 1 cm (32.2%), multiple (30.1%), located in the parietal region (34.4%) and subarachnoid (46.2%) enhance. The cognitive evaluation showed normal results in 74.2% of the cases, as well as mild to moderate dementia in 9.7% of the patients. The most affected area was the language (54.8%). Dementia was mainly associated with lesion size greater than 1 centimeter [RR: 7.35; 95% CI: 1.62-33.3], followed by the number of lesions (multiple or racemose) and the mixed topography. In the multivariate analysis, these lost the correlation. Conclusion The cognitive deficit had a lower prevalence than that described in the specialized literature, and was associated with tomographic variables such as the size, number and location of the lesions; in multivariate analysis, none of these factors maintained their statistical significance.

11.
Medisur ; 20(3)jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405936

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: el pronóstico y la terapéutica del cáncer de mama están estrechamente relacionados con las características histopatológicas del paciente. Estas permiten establecer grupos pronósticos, como apoyo en la decisión de tratamientos individuales efectivos. Sin embargo, la información existente sobre la relación entre estos aspectos y los subtipos inmunohistoquímicos de cáncer de mama es limitada en países latinoamericanos. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las características clínico-patológicas e histológicas y los subtipos inmunohistoquímicos de cáncer de mama en pacientes ecuatorianas. Métodos: estudio observacional de corte transversal en pacientes ecuatorianas atendidas en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2017. Se incluyeron 199 pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de cáncer de mama. Se analizaron variables clínico-patológicas: edad, tamaño del tumor y estado de los ganglios linfáticos; histológicas: tipo y grado histológico. Resultados: la edad media de los pacientes fue de 56,77 ± 11,96 años. Se observaron metástasis ganglionares en la mayoría de los casos (63,3 %). El tamaño medio del tumor fue de 3,88 ± 1,61 cm. Más de la mitad de los casos (56,8 %) presentaron un grado histológico moderadamente diferenciado. El subtipo molecular predominante fue la neoplasia luminal A (53,8 %). El análisis demostró una asociación significativa (p <0,0001) entre subtipos inmunohistoquímicos y las características clínico-patológicas e histológicas del cáncer de mama. Conclusiones: la neoplasia mamaria en las pacientes ecuatorianas se diagnostica en estadios avanzados. El estudio enfatiza en la necesidad de introducir las pruebas de receptores inmunohistoquímicos en la práctica clínica para ayudar y determinar la biología del cáncer de mama, mejorar el efecto sobre la terapia y el pronóstico del paciente.


ABSTRACT Background: The prognosis and therapy of breast cancer (BC) is closely related to the histopathological characteristics of the patient. These allow to establish prognostic groups, as support in the decision of effective individual treatments. However, the existing information is limited on the relationship between these aspects and the immunohistochemical subtypes (IHC) of breast cancer in Latin American countries. Objective: To determine the relationship between the clinical-pathological and histological characteristics with the IHC subtypes of BC in Ecuadorian patients. Methods: An observational of the cross-sectional study was carried out in Ecuadorian patients treated at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital between January 2014 and December 2017. 199 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of BC were included. Clinicopathological variables were analyzed: age, tumor size and lymph node status; histological: type and histological grade. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56,77 ± 11,96 years. Lymph node metastases were observed in most cases (63,3%). The mean tumor size was 3,88 ± 1,61 cm. More than half of the cases (56,8%) presented a moderately differentiated histological grade. The predominant molecular subtype was Luminal A neoplasia (53,8%). The analysis showed a significant association (p <0, 0001) between IHC subtypes and the clinicopathological and histological characteristics of BC. Conclusions: Breast neoplasia in Ecuadorian patients is diagnosed in advanced stages. The study emphasizes the need to introduce IHC receptor tests into clinical practice to help determine the biology of breast cancer, improve the effect on therapy and the patient's prognosis.

12.
Medisur ; 20(3)jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405939

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: el dolor por cáncer sigue siendo difícil de tratar, especialmente cuando el paciente es resistente a los opioides. Cada vez más se buscan alternativas para contrarrestar y mejorar los síntomas provocados por la enfermedad. Uno de ellos es la ketamina, que actúa como antagonista de los receptores de N-metil-daspartato que se asocian como respuesta al dolor. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la respuesta analgésica al dolor oncológico con la administración intranasal de ketamina como adyuvante en el tratamiento farmacológico. Métodos: investigación realizada en una clínica del dolor de Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte con placebo, aleatorizado, a doble ciego. Se incluyeron 142 participantes. Se administraron dos tratamientos: ketamina y placebo intranasal, los cuales se usaron en combinación con morfina. Los participantes recibieron evaluaciones periódicas según la escala visual analógica del dolor, durante tres días consecutivos. Resultados: la edad media fue de 69,11 ± 9,77 años. El carcinoma que se presentó con mayor frecuencia fue el tumor de cabeza pancreático (44,37 %). Hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos administrados, los aspectos clínicos y el dolor (p <0,05). Los pacientes que fueron tratados con ketamina tuvieron un efecto analgésico más relevante que los pacientes que recibieron el placebo. El principal efecto secundario fueron las náuseas (11,43 %). Conclusiones: los pacientes tratados con ketamina experimentaron mejor analgesia que el grupo control. La ketamina representa una opción para el dolor en quien no responde al tratamiento convencional con opioides. Los efectos adversos pueden ser un limitante para su aplicación en algunos pacientes.


ABSTRACT Background: cancer pain remains difficult to treat, especially when the patient is resistant to opioids. More and more alternatives are being sought to counteract and improve the symptoms caused by the disease. One of them is ketamine, which acts as an antagonist of NMDA receptors that are associated in response to pain. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of the analgesic response to cancer pain with the intranasal administration of ketamine as an adjuvant in pharmacological treatment. Methods: research carried out in Ecuador pain clinic. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cohort study was conducted. 142 participants were included. Two treatments were administered: intranasal ketamine and placebo, which were used in combination with morphine. Participants received periodic visual analog pain scale assessments for three consecutive days. Results: the mean age was 69.11 ± 9.77 years. The pancreatic head tumor (44.37%) was the most frequently carcinoma. There were significant differences between administered treatments, clinical aspects and pain (p < 0.05). The patients who were treated with ketamine had a more relevant analgesic effect than the patients who received the placebo. The main side effect was nausea (11.43%). Conclusions: patients treated with ketamine experienced better analgesia than the control group. Ketamine represents an option for pain in those who do not respond to conventional opioid treatment. Adverse effects may limit its application in some patients.

13.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 44(2): 186-196, Apr.-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385045

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a single point mutation in the β-globin chain of the hemoglobin. It has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a public health priority since 2006. Methods The Scopus database was used in this study with the search descriptors: "sickle cell" and "sickle cell disease". We applied common bibliometric indicators to evaluate the trend in scientific literature in sickle cell disease research. Results We retrieved a total of 19,921 pieces of scientific literature in the repertoire from 1997 to 2017. The Price law was fulfilled in the trend of production of scientific literature on SCD as the growth of scientific literature was more exponential (r = 0.9751; r2 = 0.9509) than linear (r = 0.9721; r2 = 0.9449). We observed a duplication time of 4.52 years. The Bradford core was made up of 69 journals with Blood at the top, publishing the greatest number of articles. The most productive institutions were mostly United States agencies and hospitals. The United States was the most productive country. The National Institute of Health was the most productive institution and also had the highest number of citations. Vichinsky E was the most productive author, while the most cited article was published by Circulation. Conclusion The growth of scientific literature in Sickle cell disease was found to be high. However, the exponential growth trend shows a "yet-to-be-explored" area of research. This study will be useful for physicians, researchers, research funders and policy-cum-decision makers.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Anemia, Sickle Cell
14.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 73(4): 492-497, ago. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388860

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer gástrico continúa representando la más alta mortalidad por cáncer en hombres en Chile. En una revisión sistemática, evidenciaron que en el 59% de los pacientes que se catalogaron como M0 mediante diferentes estudios como TC, resonancia magnética y PET, se detectaron metástasis a la laparoscopia de etapificación. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la técnica quirúrgica de esta laparoscopía incluida la citología peritoneal y una revisión de la literatura en cuanto a sus indicaciones y posibilidad de cambio de conducta. Materiales y Método: Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos vía MED - LINE/PubMed (U.S.A. National Library of Medicine), Cochrane Library, Elsevier, SciELO; no se aplicó análisis estadístico, se incluyeron 23 referencias relacionadas al tema y materias afines internacionales y nacionales. El procedimiento que describiremos será la laparoscopia diagnóstica y la citología de líquido peritoneal para estudio anatomopatológico. Discusión y Conclusiones: La laparoscopía de etapificación, logra un cambio de conducta en un 20% aproximadamente de los casos, pero hacen faltan más estudios de validación de esta en los centros que tratan dicha enfermedad en el país.


Introduction: Gastric cancer continues to represent the highest mortality from cancer in men in Chile. In a systematic review, they showed that 59% of the patients who were classified as M0 by different studies such as CT, magnetic resonance imaging and PET, metastases were detected at staging laparoscopy. The objective of this study is to describe the surgical technique of staging laparoscopy including peritoneal cytology and a review of the literature regarding its indications and the possibility of behavior change. Materials and Method: Articles were searched via MEDLINE/PubMed (U.S.A. National Library of Medicine), Cochrane Library, Elsevier, SciELO, no statistical analysis was applied, 23 references related to the topic and related international and national subjects were included. The procedure to be described will be diagnostic laparoscopy and peritoneal fluid cytology for pathological study. Discussion and Conclusions: Staging laparoscopy achieve a change in behavior in approximately 20% of the cases, but more validation studies are needed in the centers that treat this disease in the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Laparoscopy/methods , Neoplasm Staging , Peritoneal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
15.
Humanidad. med ; 21(2): 543-572, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286709

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El presente trabajo aborda la presencia del eminente neurocientífico, Premio Nobel de Medicina, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, en Cuba donde sirvió en su juventud como médico militar durante la Guerra de los Diez Años. En 1874, Cajal fue destinado al Ejército Expedicionario de Cuba como capitán de Sanidad Militar, permaneciendo en la isla durante catorce meses. El futuro histólogo cumplió servicio en el peor destino posible, las enfermerías de campaña de Vista Hermosa y de San Isidro, situadas en la trocha de Bagá, en el distrito de Puerto Príncipe (hoy Camagüey), en plena e insalubre manigua. En estas enfermerías, atendió a soldados heridos en campaña y a una gran cantidad de soldados enfermos, fundamentalmente de malaria y disentería. También trabajó, durante un mes y medio, recuperándose de las fiebres palúdicas, en el cuerpo de médicos de guardia del Hospital Militar de Puerto Príncipe. El propio Cajal enfermó de malaria y disentería, fue diagnosticado de caquexia palúdica grave y declarado "inutilizado en campaña", pudiendo regresar a España en junio de 1875. En esta experiencia cubana, Cajal descubrió el ambiente de corrupción de la administración colonial, con retrasos injustificados del cobro de salarios, indiferencia del mando y fraudes en las raciones de alimentación de sus enfermos. En este trabajo, también se describe la percepción de Cajal de la isla de Cuba, de sus gentes y de su fauna y flora. La impronta de Cuba y del conflicto bélico marcaría profundamente el ánimo del científico durante toda su vida y ejerció un papel fundamental en la construcción de su pensamiento filosófico, social y político.


ABSTRACT This work addresses the presence of the eminent neuroscientist, Nobel Prize in Medicine, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, in Cuba, where he served, in his youth, as a military doctor during the Ten Years' War. In 1874, Cajal was assigned to the Expeditionary Army of Cuba as captain of Military Health, remaining on the island for fourteen months. The future histologist served in the worst possible destination, the Vista Hermosa and San Isidro field infirmaries, located on the Trocha of Bagá, in the district of Puerto Príncipe (now Camagüey), in the middle of the unsanitary manigua. In these infirmaries, he treated soldiers wounded in the field and a large number of sick soldiers, mainly from malaria and dysentery. He also worked, for a month and a half, recovering from malarial fevers, as doctor on call at the Military Hospital of Puerto Príncipe. Cajal himself fell ill with malaria and dysentery, was diagnosed with severe malarial cachexia and declared "disabled for weapons", being able to return to Spain in June 1875. In this Cuban experience, Cajal discovered the environment of corruption in the colonial administration, with unjustified delays in the collection of salaries, indifference of the command and fraud in the food rations of his patients. In this work, Cajal's perception of the island of Cuba, its people and its fauna and flora is also described. The imprint of Cuba and the war conflict would deeply mark the spirit of the scientist throughout his life and played a fundamental role in the construction of his philosophical, social and political thought.

16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(5): 689-697, mayo 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389520

ABSTRACT

Background: The crossed cerebro-cerebellar (CCC) activation facilitates the diagnosis of cortical language lateralization, but needs to be explored with language tasks suitable for patients with different age ranges, educational attainment and eventual presence of language deficits. Aim: To determine the effect of demographic variables in the performance of three language tasks in healthy volunteers and to determine the CCC activation of these tasks as a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm in brain tumor patients. Material and Methods: The behavioral performance (correct responses and reaction time) of three language tasks (verbal fluency, semantic and phonological decision tasks) was first examined in 76 healthy volunteers balanced by age and educational level. Later, these tasks were implemented as fMRI paradigms to explore CCC language activation of 20 patients with potential diagnosis of brain tumors. Results: The performance of the verbal fluency task was affected by age. The CCC language activation was reproducible with the semantic and phonological tasks. The combination of the tasks determined typical and atypical language lateralization in 60% and 40% of our patients, respectively. Conclusions: The verbal fluency task must be implemented with care as a clinical fMRI paradigm. Our results suggest that semantic and phonological tasks can be a good alternative for brain tumor patients with language deficits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Language , Brain , Brain Mapping , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Functional Laterality
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(2): 484-488, abr. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385377

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la morfometría del extremo proximal del radio, mediante mediciones efectuadas en la cabeza, cuello y tuberosidad del radio, en una población chilena y compararlas según sexo. Se efectuó un estudio transversal analizando exámenes de Tomografía Computarizada (TC) de codo, realizados entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Se incluyó 32 TC, correspondientes a 16 hombres y 16 mujeres. Se transfirió las imágenes formateadas al software RadiAnt, para efectuar las mediciones en el radio proximal. El análisis estadístico de los resultados se realizó mediante el software SPSS 22. El diámetro de la cabeza del radio en hombres osciló entre 22,8±1,3 y 25,0±1,7 mm; en mujeres osciló entre 19,4±1,4 y 20,7±1,4 mm. El diámetro del cuello del radio proximal en hombres osciló entre 14,0±0,8 y 15,6±0,7 mm; en mujeres osciló entre 11,7±0,8 y 13,3±1,3 mm. El diámetro del cuello del radio distal en hombres osciló entre 14,4±1,0 y 16,0±1,2 mm; en mujeres osciló entre 12,5±1,0 y 13,8±1,5 mm. El diámetro de la tuberosidad radial en hombres osciló entre 15,1±1,5 y 17,7±1,8 mm; en mujeres osciló entre 13,2±1,1 y 15,5±1,8 mm. El promedio de altura de la cabeza del radio fue de 11,2±1,2 mm en hombres y de 9,5+0,8 mm en mujeres. El análisis comparativo entre sexos mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todas las mediciones precedentes. El promedio de altura del cuello del radio fue de 11,2±1,2 mm en hombres y 10,1±1,6 mm en mujeres, sin diferencia significativa (p= 0,15). Los valores promedios de la morfometría del radio proximal de la población chilena difieren de los descritos para la población europea y presentan algunas similitudes con la población china. Nuestros resultados pueden ser de utilidad para el diseño de implantes y prótesis para el extremo proximal del radio y para una correcta planificación quirúrgica en ortopedia y traumatología.


SUMMARY: The aim of this research was to determine the morphometry of the proximal radius in a Chilean population, by means of measurements made in head of radius, neck of radius and radial tuberosity, and to compare them according to sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted analyzing Computed Tomography scans (CT) of elbows, performed between January 2014 and December 2018. Thirty-two CT corresponding to 16 men and 16 women were included. The formatted images were transferred to the RadiAnt software in order to perform measurements in the proximal radius. The statistical analysis of the results was performed using the SPSS 22 software. The diameter of the head of radius in men ranged between 22.8±1.3 and 25.0±1.7 mm; in women it ranged between 19.4±1.4 and 20.7±1.4 mm. The diameter of the proximal neck of radius in men ranged between 14.0±0.8 and 15.6±0.7 mm; in women, it ranged between 11.7±0.8 and 13.3±1.3 mm. The diameter of the distal neck of radius in men ranged between 14.4±1.0 and 16.0±1.2 mm; in women, it ranged between 12.5±1.0 and 13.8±1.5 mm. The diameter of radial tuberosty in men ranged between 15.1±1.5 and 17.7±1.8 mm; in women, it ranged between 13.2±1.1 and 15.5±1.8 mm. The mean height of the head of radius was 11.2±1.2 mm in men and 9.5±0.8 mm in women. Statistically significant sex differences were revealed in all the preceding measurements. The mean height of the neck of radius was 11.2±1.2 mm in men and 10.1±1.6 mm in women, with no significant difference (p= 0.15). The average values of morphometry of the proximal radius of the Chilean population differ from those describing the European population, and show some similarities with the Chinese population. Our results may be useful to design of implants and prostheses for the proximal radius, and to correct surgical planning in orthopedics and traumatology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Radius/diagnostic imaging , Elbow/diagnostic imaging , Radius/anatomy & histology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Characteristics , Elbow/anatomy & histology
18.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 64(5): 542-547, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131140

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Warthin-like papillary thyroid cancer (WL-PTC) is an uncommon variant of PTC, usually associated with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Scarce evidence suggests that WL-PTC has similar clinical presentation to classic PTC (C-PTC), with no studies comparing risks of recurrence and response to treatment between both variants. Our objective was to describe the clinical presentation and prognosis of WL-PTC and compare it to C-PTC. Subjects and methods Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort, including 370 (96%) patients with C-PTC and 17 (4%) with WL-PTC, consecutively treated with total thyroidectomy with or without RAI, followed for at least 6 months. We compared clinical presentation, risk of mortality and recurrence, as well as response to treatment between both variants. Results Of the total cohort: 317 (82%) female, 38 ± 13.5 years, median follow-up 4 years (0.5-28.5); most of them stage I and low/intermediate risk of recurrence. We found no differences regarding clinical-pathological data and risk of recurrence. WL-PTC was associated with a higher rate of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (65% vs. 36%, p = 0.016) and lymphocytic thyroiditis (59% vs. 34%, p = 0.03). The rates of biochemical and structural incomplete responses were similar in both variants. WL-PTC had a lower rate of excellent response (23% vs. 54%, p = 0.01), which became non-significant when performing analysis by TgAb presence (50% vs. 67%, p = NS). Conclusions WL-CPT and C-CPT have similar clinical presentation and rate of recurrence. The lower rate of excellent response to treatment in WL-PTC is due to a higher frequency of TgAb. WL-PCT should not be considered an aggressive variant of PTC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary , Prognosis , Thyroglobulin , Thyroidectomy , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
19.
Acta bioeth ; 26(1): 107-116, mayo 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1114604

ABSTRACT

La comprensión de la conciencia ha sido durante siglos uno de los caballos de batalla del devenir intelectual, en tanto contexto en el que se han definido y redefinido las diferentes percepciones socioculturales, científicas, filosóficas e ideológicas del ser humano. Lejos de tratarse de un problema superado, se trata de una cuestión que, reformulada una y otra vez, en distintos ámbitos y contextos, retorna sin cesar al epicentro del debate intelectual, dadas sus consecuencias epistémicas y necesariamente éticas. En este trabajo se trata de mostrar cómo tal debate y sus posturas se alimentan de una percepción que se estima "anticuada" del problema, al afrontarlo desde una óptica esencialista (cifrada sobre un modelo de pensamiento basado en esquemas de razón-objeto), a la par que se propone una reformulación de la cuestión en términos procesuales, inspirada en la propuesta del emergentismo sistémico. Con ello, se pretende aportar un enfoque superador de un modelo intelectual que se estima obsoleto, a la par que se propicia una reflexión ética en torno a las consecuencias intelectuales ideológicas y prácticas devenidas de un sostenimiento artificioso del mismo en el ámbito de la ciencia.


For centuries, the understanding of conciousness has been one of the topic issues of intellectual development, and a context in which the different sociocultural, scientific, philosophical and ideological perceptions of the human being have been defined and redefined. Far from being a solved problem, it's a theme that, reformulated again and again in different fields and contexts, returns endlessly to the epicenter of intellectual discussion because it has, necessarily, trascendental epistemic and ethical consequences. This paper tries to show how such confrontation and its positions are fed by an "outdated" perception of the problem, when faced it from an essentialist perspective (encrypted on a model of thought based on reason-object schemes). Therefore is proposed a reformulation of the question in procedural terms inspired by the theory of systemic emergentism. So, it is intended to provide an overcoming approach to an intellectual model that is considered obsolete, while fostering an ethical reflection on the ideological intellectual consequences and practices derived from its artificial support in the field of Science.


A compreensão de consciência tem sido, durante séculos, um dos cavalos de batalha do tornar-se intelectual, no contexto em que se definiu e se redefiniu as diferentes percepções socioculturais, científicas, filosóficas e ideológicas do ser humano. Longe de se tratar de um problema superado, trata-se de uma questão que, reformulada uma ou outra vez, em distintos âmbitos e contextos, retorna ao epicentro do debate intelectual, dadas suas consequências epistêmicas e necessariamente éticas. Tratamos demonstrar neste trabalho como tal debate e suas posturas alimentam-se de uma percepção que se estima ser "antiquada" do problema, ao enfrenta-lo a partir de uma visão essencialista (codificada sobre um modelo de pensamento baseado em esquemas de razão-objeto), ao mesmo tempo em que se propõe uma reformulação da questão em termos processuais, inspirada na proposta do emergentismo sistêmico. Com isto, pretende-se aportar um enfoque que supera um modelo intelectual que se estima obsoleto, ao mesmo tempo em que se propicia uma reflexão ética em torno das consequências intelectuais ideológicas e práticas decorrentes de um apoio artificial do mesmo no âmbito da ciência.


Subject(s)
Philosophy , Conscience , Knowledge , Consciousness
20.
VozAndes ; 31(2): 79-83, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146656

ABSTRACT

La apendicitis del muñón es una rara entidad, de la cual se desconoce su incidencia, con alrededor de 100 casos reportados en la literatura médica. Requiere un alto grado de sospecha clínica para su correcta identificación. El tratamiento recomendado es quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 26 años, con antecedente de apendicectomía hace 17 años, con cuadro de dolor abdominal en fosa iliaca derecha y signos apendiculares positivos en el examen físico. La Tomografía Axial Computarizada demostró una colección con gas y fecalitos en su interior, localizada en fosa iliaca derecha, planteándose un diagnóstico de apendicitis del muñón. Se realizó una laparotomía exploratoria, evidenciándose un muñón apendicular perforado en su tercio proximal, por lo que se completó la apendicectomía del muñón. El informe histopatológico reportó un muñón apendicular con infiltrado mono y polimorfo nuclear, que compromete el espesor de la pared. El paciente fue dado de alta con evolución dentro de parámetros esperados y fue remitido a control y seguimiento por Consulta Externa.


Stump appendicitis is a rare entity, of which its incidence is unknown, with about 100 cases reported in the medical literature, which requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for proper identification. The recommended treatment is surgical. The case of a 26-year-old patient with an appendectomy antecedent 17 years ago, with abdominal pain in right lower quadrant and positive appendicular signs on the physical exam is presented. Computerized Axial Tomography demonstrated a collection of gas and fecalites inside, located in right lower quadrant, considering a diagnosis of stump appendicitis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, with an appendicular stump perforated in its proximal third, and the stump appendectomy was completed. The histopathological report reported an appendicular stump with mono and polymorph nuclear infiltrate, which compromises the thickness of the wall. The patient is discharged with evolution within expected parameters and is referred to control and follow-up by External Consultation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Appendectomy , Appendicitis , Laparoscopy , Gastric Stump , Digestive System
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