ABSTRACT
In Pakistani population the prevalence of Calcium and vitamin D deficiency is at alarming rate. Previous studies show that globally vertebral osteoporosis is most commonly recognized site causing deterioration to personal life satisfaction. It is very unfortunate that in Pakistan ample amount of research work has not been done in the area, consequently, information on rate of vertebral osteoporosis and fracture are rare in Pakistan. There is no reduction in Tscore on supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 administration. There is reduction in T-score on supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 administration. The prime objective of the current work was to determine vertebral spine osteoporosis treatment efficacy in local population. This is an intervention experimental study with no control. The study population was selected from the local community; consisting of individuals with vertebral spine osteoporosis, further they were followed for up to 6 months. Data was analyzed by SPSS-22. Tabs Chewable: Calcium: 1250 mg, Cholecalciferol: 125 IU, BD/Day was advised. The mean T-score before and after treatment were recorded as; Mean +/- S.D: 2.890 +/- 1.7217 and Mean +/- S.D: -2.456 +/- 0.8064 respectively. The findings of the current work do not provide support for routine supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 orally for osteoporosis
ABSTRACT
Background: gallstone disease is defined as the presence of gallstones accompanied by symptoms attributable to their presence [Biliary colic] or complications such as cholecystitis, cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis. In addition, the disease is thought to be a risk factor for developing pancreaticobiliary cancer
Objective: this study aimed to determine the rate of biliary disease in King Faisal Medical Complex as a reflection of the prevalence of the disease in Taif region
Methods: this a cross sectional retrospective analysis included 565 patients with gallstone disease, in King Fisal Medical Complex during 1 year [from 1 July 2015 to 30 Jun 2016]. Data of the patients were collected from patient's files which included 4 departments. 1-Emrgency Room 2-Surgical Outpatient Department 3-Operating Room and 4-Histopathological Department
Result: this study included 565 patients with gallstone disease, [10 years and above]. 398 [70%] females, 167[30%] males. Mean age for females was 44.89 years [SD+15.93], Mean age for males was 48.45 years [SD+19.67]. The overall ratio of gall bladder disease to all general surgery operation was 24%. The Majority of them diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis present to OPD [57%], while acute cholecystitis presented to ER was 43%. Most of them were females [77%] while, males were 23%. 85% of patients underwent to lap cholecystectomy with 1% rate of conversion. 14% of patients underwent ERCP and 1% open cholecystectomy. There was significant gender differences in type of operation [P value=.013]. 38% of male patients with gallstone disease came to the emergency department compared to 62 % of females. Variety of GBD diagnosis was observed, chronic calculous cholcystitis [50%] acute calculous cholecystitis and empyema [30%], obstructive jaundice [14%], Biliary colic [5%], GB mass [1%]
Conclusions: the number of patients presented with gall stones disease and it's complications to King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif alone showed significant high number, mostly due to hypoxia as our region is one of the highest altitude region in the Middle East. Prevalence of disease was more in female population and it showed the target population which should be educated regarding prevention of disease
ABSTRACT
Fat embolism syndrome [FES] is usually associated with fractures of long bones and pelvis. Symptoms usually occurs hours to days after injury. We present a case with fat embolism syndrome due to fracture femur. Prompt supportive treatment of patient's respiratory system and additional pharmaceutical treatment provides the positive outcome. There is no specific therapy for fat embolism syndrome. Prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate symptomatic treatment are very important. The incidence of fat embolism syndrome is reduced markedly in last decades due to early stabilization and surgical correction of fractures of long bones
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the psychopharmacological activity of methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis [Meli] in Albino mice
Study Design: Observational study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi from January, 2014 to June, 2014
Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the ethical review committee of the institute. Lawsonia inermis leaves were gathered from the botanical greenery enclosure of the Hamdard University premises their pharmacognostic details were authenticated from Eastern Medication Faculty of Hamdard University, Karachi. Albino mice [30-35g] of either sex were gotten from the creature place of Dr. HMI Institute of Pharmacy and Herbal Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi. Psychopharmacological activity was studied by utilizing stair case test which is normally utilized as a part of rat for hostile to tension like conduct that is based comprises of setting local queasiness in an encased box with 5 steps. Absolutely thirty six [N=36] were arbitrarily partitioned into six sets. For each of the model considered [n=6]. The groups incorporate controls [vehicle] and standard medications [Diazepam, Buspirone, 1mg/kg] and three groups of Meli [50, 100 and 200 mg/kg]
Results: Meli dosage of 100mg/kg drastically [P<0.05, 0.01] augmented the number of steps up in the Stair case with peak activity procured at the dosage of 100mg/kg [37.8 +/- 4.2] seconds compared to control [6.3 +/- 2.2 Seconds]. The extract at dosage of 100mg/kg notably [P<0.05, 0.01] accelerated the number of steps up with peak effect at the dosage of 100mg/kg [37.8 +/- 4.2] compared to control [6.3 +/- 2.2 seconds]. The impact at this measurement was not quite different that of Diazepam [41.8 +/- 3.4 seconds]
Conclusion: Meli has explored anxiolytic effect because it possesses one or a mix of Phytoconstituents in the concentrate
ABSTRACT
To observe the differences of various biochemical and clinical parameters with respect to Family History [FH] of Non-communicable Diseases [NCDs] in fourth year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery [MBBS] students. This observational study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology from December 2013 to January 2014. Total 50 medical students from Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS] participated in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] version 13 was used to analyze the data. For cross tabulation and mean comparison z-test and t test were applied. Out of 50 subjects, there were 26 [52%] females. Mean age of the study population was 21.56 +/- 0.90 years. Mean serum cholesterol levels with positive FH of NCDs was significantly higher than negative FH of NCDs [p=0.005]. Mean value of low density lipoprotein [LDL] of positive family history of NCDs was found higher than those with negative FH [p=0.006] being statistically significant. The insulin levels in subjects with positive FH of NCDs were higher than subjects with negative FH of NCDs [p=0.685]. However, serum leptin and plasma renin showed no significant difference with the negative FH of NCDs being higher compared to positive FH of NCDs [p=0.068] and [p=0.884] respectively. However, Waist circumference, Body mass index and central obesity in subjects with positive FH of NCDs shows increasing trend but no statistically significant difference [p > 0.05] was observed. In our study of various biochemical and clinical parameters with respect to FH of NCDs, Serum Cholesterol and LDL levels were observed higher and statistically significant
ABSTRACT
In spite of the fact that inflammation has been regarded as a localized or generalized defensive component of the body to different types harmful stimuli, there has been becoming confirmation of its strong part in initiation or progression of different ailments particularly related with cancer
Objectives: Aim of this study was to recognize the pattern of expression and level of intensity of COX-2 in different grades of papillary urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder along with significance of COX 2 in tumerogenesis of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder
Period: 1.1.2009 to 31.12.2012
Methods: The marker of COX-2 was investigated by using Immuno- histochemistry
Results: COX 2 was not detected in normal urothelium, but its intensity was expressed as 68% in low grade, 72% in high grade and 80% in invasive urothelial carcinoma
Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that COX-2 as a component of inflammation play an important role in progression of urinary bladder tumor and encourage use of COX 2 inhibitors as potential antitumor agent
ABSTRACT
To determine the role of early passive range of motion exercises in the reduction in scar formation and prevention of Contracture in sub-acute Burn Patients. Study Design: Randomized Control Trail [RCT]. Burn Centre Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad, from January to December, 2010. Thirty patients were selected from the burn center at Pakistan Institute of Medical sciences [PIMS] Islamabad, age ranging from 12-60 years, and were randomly placed into two groups, 15 patients in each group. The anti-contracture positioning program was applied on group A with early passive range of motion [PROM] exercises of the involved areas and in group B only anticontracture positioning program was applied. The Vancouver Scar Scale [VSS] was used as an assessment tool and 4 variables were assessed including vascularity, height/thickness, pliability, and pigmentation. Data was analyzed on SPSS version-20 and independent t-test was applied at 90% level of significance to calculate the p-value for group A and B. The results show that the anti-contracture positioning with early passive range of motion [PROM] exercises reduced scar formation and prevent contractures more significantly in group A [P-value =0.002] with average VSS score 6, as compare to the anticontracture positioning alone in group B [P-value=0.435] with VSS score 10, as assessed at the completion of physical therapy management program in all the 30 patients of subacute stage of burn. It was concluded that the early passive range of motion exercises with anti-contractures positing can reduce the amount of scar formation, prevent contractures and increase the quality of physical therapy management in sub-acute stage of burn patients
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine head-dipping exploratory test parameter as a measure of strong modulating effect on brain and behavior. It was an observational animal study. University of Karachi. Period: Jan 2004 to July 2006. In this present study, drugs used reserpine, nux- vomica; anacardium and chlorpromazine were wide range of pharmacological actions. We evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs as agents with modulating effect on brain and behavior accessed by head dipping parameter. In this study, 25 mice were included belonging to both sexes. The study animals were divided into five groups of five animals each. Four groups were given drugs and one group was kept as control. Mice [20-35g] of either sex were used in this study. One group was kept as control for drugs. Mice were kept under room temperature. Tap-water was allowed ad-Lihitum.30 minutes after giving drugs, animals were observed for 10 minutes with two minutes of interval. Tablet crushed in 10ml of water, 1 cc was given. Screening method used was head dipping. Strychnos Nux-Vomica when used in a dose of 0.07mg has strong action on cholinergic system, CNS activity and frequent head dipping [39.8 +/- 28.8] was observed. Rauwolfia serpentine is an active alkaloid particularly present in reserpine [62.2 +/- 43.4] no significant head dipping effect was observed. Anacardium [37.2 +/- 28.6] and Chlorpromazine [39.4 +/- 32.4], show decrease effects. Keeping in view, the medicinal importance of these herbs, our present study was designed to screen these drugs for CNS activity on albino mice
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals, Laboratory , Reserpine , Strychnos nux-vomica , Anacardium , Chlorpromazine , MiceABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to look at the plant based such compounds that are known to have hepatoprotective potential. With above perspective, the study has been planned to see the hepatoprotective potential. To see hepatoprotective effect on the enzyme levels and histopathology. With the help of this study, some new hepatoprotective compound may be discovered which will help in developing an effective medicine. The extract of Melia azedarch's flower was screened for hepato protective effect. Albino rats were administered with carbon tetra chloride [CCI4] for inducing liver damage. The effect of the extract was evaluated by measuring the liver enzyme levels. This observation leads to the conclusion that Melia flower extract possesses hepato protective activity. The hepato protective activity of the methanolic extract was compared with standard Poly herbal formulation named Jigrine CL. In our study, we found the extract of Melia Azedarach [Flowers] has strong hepatoprotective activity
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals, Laboratory , Liver/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Liver/enzymologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to screen some herbal medicine as psychotropic drugs those has strong modulating effect on brain and behavior. Herbal drug Reserpine, Nux- Vomica, Anacardium and Chlorpromazine with a wide range of pharmacological actions. In our present study, we evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs as Psychotropic agents and accessed by biochemical-parameters. Rats [weighing 180-250g] and Mice [22-32g] either sex were used in this study. One group was kept as control for drugs. Mice were kept under room temperature. Tap-water was allowed ad-Libitum. Animals were observed during and after 21 days. A tablet crushed in 10ml of water, 1cc was given. Screening method used was swimming induced-despair. Among these, Strychnos Nux-Vomica has strong action on cholinergic system, CMS activity and observed as an antispasmodic. Rauwolfia serpentine is an active alkaloid particularly present in reserpine are used to treat essential hypertension and in certain neuropsychiatry disorders. It has sedative and tranquilizing effects, as it depletes catecholamine from the central nervous system. Keeping in view, the medicinal importance of these herbs, our present study was designed to screen these herbs as for CMS activity on Albino mice and rats
ABSTRACT
Many drugs have been used for the treatment of enteric fever. Moxifloxacin is a newer fluoroquinolone antibiotic also said to be effective against Salmonella typhi. In order to evaluate its effectiveness in our population, suspected typhoid patients were randomly selected from the OPD's of JPMC, Department of Medicine and was subjected to blood culture. 40 blood culture positive patients were given Tablet. Moxifloxacin in a dose of 400 mg per day for 10 days. Patients were observed for settlement of fever and / or any adverse effect during this period. Their CBC, ALT and creatinine levels were 14, 4 days after the cessation of treatment. Fever settled in all patients between days 5 to 6. Blood cultures were negative in all patients after treatment. It was concluded that Moxifloxacin was effective in treating cases of enteric fever
Subject(s)
Humans , QuinolinesABSTRACT
Evaluation of Anti Tuberculous IgM antibodies for rapid diagnosis of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. ELISA assay based on mycobacterial antigen A-60 [Anda Biologicals, France] was used on the sera obtained from 69 cases of Tuberculosis and 136 controls in the population of Karachi, Pakistan. Of 136 controls only 21.3% were positive for IgM antibodies and showing 78.7% specificity. A very high sensitivity 72.2% was seen in sputum positive active pulmonary tuberculosis. Relatively low 56.2% sero positivity was seen in cases of sputum negative active pulmonary tuberculosis compared to those of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis. In cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis 57.8% sensitivity was observed. In cases of healed tuberculosis only 18.7% were found positive for IgM. The estimation value of IgM against A-60 for tuberculosis and the controls the global sensitivity of 62.2% and specificity of 78.7% was found when IgM estimation was taken into account
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Serologic Tests , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin M , Antigens, BacterialABSTRACT
In our present study, we evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs as Psychotropic agents and accessed by biochemical-parameters. Experimental and Observational Study. This Study was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Hanidard University, Karachi from Jan 2009 to June 2009. Study on Mice [Part-A]: Rats [weighing 180-250g] and Mice [22-32g] either sex were used in this study. One group was kept as control for both drugs. Mice were kept under room temperature. Part B The effect of herbal medicine and homeopathic drugs are investigated on psychotrophic parameters of rats. Doses were given according to the body weight of rats. Screening of herbal medicine as psychotropic drugs has strong modulating effect on brain and behavior. Majority of Pakistani population lives in far-flung rural area where modern medicines are not easily available, so they rely on traditional herbal medicines for relief. This signifies the importance of Eastern system of medicine in our society and stresses the need of research on herbal medicines like. Some of the herbal drug Reserpine, Nux-Vomica, Anacardium and Chiorpromazine with a wide range of pharmacological actions. Among these, Strychnos Nux-Vomica has strong action on cholinergic system, CNS activity and observed as a antispasmodic. Rauwolfia serpentine is an active alkaloid particularly present in reserpine are used to treat essential hypertension and in certain neuropsychiatry disorders. It has a sedative and tranquilizing effects, as it depletes catecholamine from the central nervous system. Keeping in view, the medicinal importance of these herbs, our present study was designed to screen these herbs as for CNS activity on Albino mice and rats
ABSTRACT
Many drugs have been used for the treatment of enteric fever. Azithromycin is a newer macrolide antibiotic also said to be effective against Salmonella typhi. In order to evaluate its effectiveness in our population, suspected typhoid patients were randomly selected from the OPD's of JPMC, Department of Medicine and were subjected to blood culture. 40 blood culture positive patients were given capsule Azthromycin in a dose of 500 mg per day for 10 days. Patients were observed for settlement of fever and/or any adverse effect during this period. Their CBC, ALT and creatinine levels were measured before the start of treatment. They were again subjected to blood culture on day 14, 4 days after the cessation of treatment. Fever settled in all patients between days 4 to 5. Blood cultures were negative in all patients after treatment. It was concluded that Azithromycin was effective in treating cases of enteric fever