Sports Injury-Related Fingers and Thumb Deformity Due to Tendon or Ligament Rupture / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Hand injuries are very common in sports, such as skiing and ball sports. One of the major reasons causing hand and finger deformity is due to ligament and tendon injury. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can demonstrate the complex anatomy of the fingers and thumb, especially the tendons and ligaments, and provide the accurate diagnosis of clinically important fingers and thumbs deformity due to ligamentous and tendinous injuries during sport activities.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Sixteen fresh un-embalmed cadaveric hands were harvested from eight cadavers. A total of 20 healthy volunteers' hands and 44 patients with fingers or thumb deformity due to sports-related injuries were included in this study. All subjects had MR examination with T1-weighted images and proton density-weighted imaging with fat suppression (PD FS) in axial, coronal, and sagittal plane, respectively. Subsequently, all 16 cadaveric hands were sliced into 2-mm thick slab with a band saw (six in coronal plane, six in sagittal plane, and four in axial plane). The correlation of anatomic sections and the MRI characteristics of tendons of fingers and the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) at the metacarpal phalangeal joint (MCPJ) of thumb between 20 healthy volunteers and 44 patients (confirmed by surgery) were analyzed.</p><p><b>Results</b>The normal ligaments and tendons in 16 cadaveric hands and 20 volunteers' hands showed uniform low-signal intensity on all the sequences of the MRI. Among 44 patients with tendinous and ligamentous injuries in the fingers or thumb, 12 cases with UCL injury at MCPJ of the thumb (Stener lesion = 8 and non-Stener lesion = 4), 6 cases with the central slip injury, 12 cases with terminal tendon injury, and 14 cases with flexor digitorum profundus injury. The ligaments and tendons disruption manifested as increased signal intensity and poor definition, discontinuity, and heterogeneous signal intensity of the involved ligaments and tendons.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>Sports injury-related fingers and thumb deformity are relatively common. MRI is an accurate method for evaluation of the anatomy and pathologic conditions of the fingers and thumb. It is a useful tool for accurate diagnosis of the sports-related ligaments and tendons injuries in hand.</p>

High-resolution 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in Chinese Wrists: Correlation with Cross-sectional Anatomy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The injury of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could demonstrate the detailed complex anatomy of TFCC in Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen Chinese cadaveric wrists (from four men and three women; age range at death from 30 to 60 years; mean age at 46 years) and forty healthy Chinese wrists (from 20 healthy volunteers, male/female: 10/10; age range from 21 to 53 years with a mean age of 32 years) in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were included in this study. All cadavers and volunteers had magnetic resonance (MR) examination of the wrist with coronal T1-weighted and proton density-weighted imaging with fat suppression in three planes, respectively. MR arthrography (MRAr) was performed on one of the cadaveric wrists. Subsequently, all 14 cadaveric wrists were sliced into 2 mm thick slab with band saw (six in coronal plane, four in sagittal plane, and four in axial plane). The MRI features of normal TFCC were analyzed in these specimens and forty healthy wrists.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Triangular fibrocartilage, the ulnar collateral ligament, and the meniscal homolog could be best observed on images in coronal plane. The palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments were best evaluated in transverse plane. The ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligaments were best visualized in sagittal plane. The latter two structures and the volar and dorsal capsules were better demonstrated on MRAr.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-resolution 3T MRI is capable to show the detailed complex anatomy of the TFCC and can provide valuable information for the clinical diagnosis in Chinese.</p>

Applied anatomy of cervico-acromial crossing skin flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the applied anatomy of the blood supply of the cervicoacromial crossing flap and its feasibility in clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>5 fresh adult and 10 forman fixed adult cadaver specimens were used. The arteries, veins, cutaneous arteries, subdermal vascular network, and vascular network of the superficial layer of deep fascia in the cervico-acromial area were observed and studied under the microscope. The frontier border of the cervico-acromial area is clavicle, the posterior border is the spine of scapula, the outer border is acromion and the inner border is cervical base.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The perforator branches concentrate at the front edge of trapezius muscle; (2) The vessel network around the front edge of trapezius muscle is abundant. Among the anastomosis, two or three anastomosis which across the area from the base of the neck to acromion can be observed in the axial of every cervico-acromial area. Abundant vessel network can be observed in the superficial layer of deep fascia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The blood supply of the cervico-acromial flap is abundant, which constains constant perforator point. The cervico-acromial crossing skin flap can be applied with the rich blood supply and abundant vessel network in the superficial layer of deep fascia.</p>

Anatomic study of anterolateral thigh perforators flap and its clinical significance in reconstruction of head and neck defects / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anatomy of the anterolateral thigh perforators flap and explore its clinical application in the reconstruction of head and neck defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five adult fresh cadavers were prepared, and morphosis and blood supply of anterolateral thigh flap perforators were examined by microsurgery anatomy. During dissections, the following parameters were recorded: number and type of perforators vessels, diameter of perforators, pedicle length, diameter of the original vessels, route (infra fascia and supra fascia); its position were located by anatomical landmark.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were an average of (4.4 +/- 1.8) anterolateral thigh perforators flaps (ALTP flap) in each specimen with 68.2% musculocutaneous perforator and 31.8% septocutaneous perforator. The mean pedicle length of the largest perforator was (10.86 +/- 1.18) cm (8.29-14.44) cm, and its location was constantly concentrated in the superolateral region of the midpoint of the line linking the anterosuperior iliac spine and superolateral border of the patella. The distance between surface location of the largest perforator and the midpoint was (3.25 +/- 0.69) cm. Original vessel was mostly descend branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery/vein with average diameter of (3.16 +/- 0.59) / (3.08 +/- 0.02) mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ALTP flap has constant position, large caliber, and long pedicle and therefore is useful for operation and option in reconstruction of head neck defects.</p>

Anatomic study on internal mammary artery perforator flap / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anatomy of internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five fresh cadavers were used, the morphology and blood supply of IMAP flap were examined by the method of microsurgical anatomy. During dissections, following parameters were recorded: number, type and diameter of perforators vessels, course (infra fascia and supra fascia) and location of perforators vessels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 1st-4th IMAPs were found in 10 specimen. Average diameter of 1st-4th IMAP artery/vein was as follows (x +/- s): (1.29 +/- 0.28) mm, (1.46 +/- 0.22) mm; (1.1 +/- 0.27) mm, (1.41 +/- 0.39) mm; (0.87 +/- 0.23) mm, (1.17 +/- 0.15) mm; (0.92 +/- 0.22) mm, (1.12 +/- 0.14) mm. The largest perforator was mostly first or second IMAP. The angiosomal territory of IMAPs extended from the clavicle superiorly to the xiphisternum inferiorly, from the midline medially to anterior axillary fold laterally.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IMAP flap offers an option in reconstruction of head neck defects and should be considered as an alternative to the deltopectoral flap and pectoralis major flap in some patients.</p>

Determination of saponin I in extracts of Allium macrostemnon / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC method for determination of saponin I in bulb extracts of Allium macrostemon.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The extract was refluxed by methanol and then filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated and the bioactive saponin was measured by HPLC-RID.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve was in good linearity over the range of 5-100 microg with the regression equation of Y= 9.35 x 10(4) X - 2.78 x 10(4) (r = 0.9998) and the average recovery was 101.1% (n = 5, RSD 1.6%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, quick and reproducible and can be applied in the quality control of A. macrostemon.</p>

Water-soluble phenolic glycosides from the whole plant of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the water-soluble phenolic glycosides from the whole plant of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography techniques were used to isolate the chemical constituents, physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis were employed for structural elucidation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bulbophyllinoside (1), a new phenolic glycoside and three known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum Lindl. Their structures were determined as 3-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-( 6'-O-beta-apiofuranosyl) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-methoxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopynanoside (2), 3, 5-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-alpha-D-glucopynanoside (3) and syringin (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bulbophyllinoside (1) is a new compound.</p>

Study on the active spirostanol saponins of Gualou xiebai baijiutang / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the basis of actions of Gualou xiebai baijiutang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Guided by bioactivities, chemical and chromatographic ways were applied to isolate and purify the prescription. The chemical structures were identified by chemical and spectral ways. The activities on cardiovascular system of the pure compounds were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven steroidal compounds were isolated and identified from the active parts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 5 and 6 showed good anti-platelet aggregation activities induced by ADP and PAF. The IC50 of compound 5 and 6 induced by 2 mumol.L-1 ADP were 0.082 and 0.078 mmol.L-1, and the IC50 induced by 0.5 mumol.L-1 PAF were 0.182 and 0.151 mmol.L-1, respectively.</p>

Research on active constituents research of gualou xiebai baijiutang (III). The active flavanoids / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the substance basis of actions of Gualou xiebai baijiutang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Guided by bioactivities, the prescription was isolated and purified by chemical and chromatographic methods, and the structures were identified by chemical and spectral methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>4 compounds were isolated from active parts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3 compounds were isolated for the first time from Trichosanthes kirilowii and Allium macrostemon. Compound 1 had a good activity against platelet aggregation.</p>