Mid-trimesteric urine culture and anti microbial sensitivity in pregnant ladies, Wad Medani Maternity Teaching Hospital

Urinary tract infections [UTIs] are common in pregnant women, associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. The objectives of this study are: To identify the organisms in the urine in mid trimestric pregnancy, to test for the sensitivity to antibiotics for better maternal health care. This is a prospective cross sectional, descriptive, hospital based study. The population of this study were the women admitted to [W.M.T.H] during the period of study and matched the selective criteria. The results showed that the most common sensitive drugs to the bacteria by culture are amikacin and ofloaxacine. The growth of the organisms in the media was found that it occurred in 88/119 [74%]. The common isolated organisms were the E-coli 21/88 [17.6%], klebsiella.spp 14/88 [11.8%]. It was concluded that urine culture is useful in guiding therapy. This can be particularly important in pregnancy where the choice of safe treatment alternatives is limited

Attitude of community and village leaders towards the community -based programme in the faculty of medicine - University of Gezira, Sudan

The objective is to describe the attitude of the community and village leaders towards the community based programme implemented in the Faculty of Medicine - University of Gezira [FMUG]. The curriculum is unique, with 30% of it is community-Based. So the attitude of the community is highly considered in the evaluation of the programme. Twenty-four community leaders from the 48 members of the State Assembly were interviewed. Forty-eight of the village leaders from nine villages in El managil area where the three phases of the Interdisciplinary Field Training, Research and Rural Development Programme IFTRRDP have been completed recently were also interviewed through a pre structured interview by independent, trained personnel and their responses were collected and analyzed. All the community and village leaders knew most of the objectives of the school. The expectations of the community from the school are the health education and treatment of patient. Community benefits from the presence of the students were rated as good and excellent by 58% of the community leaders and 87.8% of the village leaders. More visits for strengthening the relation between the school and the community was suggested by 72.9% [n = 35]. 18.8% [n = 9] of the village leaders participated in the evaluation of students. Objectives of the community based programme at FMUG are very well known and accepted by the community. This support the FMUG community partnership and services beside training students. The expectations of the community are fitting fully with the objectives of the school. The attitude of the community towards the community based programmes in FMUG is positive, this can be sustained by ensuring more involvement of them in all steps of the programme. More studies to describe and measure the attitudes of the community in other CBE medical schools is recommended for comparison

Quinine therapy in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy in Sudan

A prospective study was carried out in an area of unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan to determine the efficacy and toxicity of quinine in pregnancy. Thirty-three pregnant women with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria at mean 28.8 weeks gestational age were treated with quinine for 7 days. The mean body temperature on presentation for 3 patients who delivered prematurely was significantly higher than for those who delivered at term [39.2 +/- 0.7 degrees C versus 38.7 +/- 1.3 degrees C]. There were no significant difference between the 2 groups in other clinical or biochemical parameters. There were no clinically detectable congenital malformations and no auditory, visual or other neurological deficits in the babies at birth or 6 months later. Quinine may be safe in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria during pregnancy

Ceftriaxone versus ampicillin/cloxacillin as antibiotic prophylaxis in elective caesarean section

We carried out a prospective, r and omized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin/cloxacillin prophylaxis in decreasing the frequency of post-caesarean section infection-related morbidity. Two hundred patients randomly received either ceftriaxone [single dose] or ampicillin/cloxacillin [3 doses] intravenously at induction of anaesthesia. There was no statistical difference in incidence of endometritis [P = 0.34], wound infection [P = 0.44], or other febrile morbidity [P = 0.5]. Eleven babies had a low Apgar score [< 8] in the ceftriaxone group and 13 in the ampicillin/cloxacillin group [P = 0.82].There were 2 perinatal deaths in each group. One dose of ceftriaxone was as effective as ampicillin/ cloxacillin in preventing post-caesarean section complications and is easier to administer

use of quinine dihydrochloride during pregnancy: a hospital study, Sudan

122 pregnant women with chloroquine resistant malaria were treated with quinine during pregnancy, the regimen of quinine therapy was 10 mg/kg [600 mg] quinine dihydrochloride intravenous infusion thrice daily for the first 24 hours and then daily for a total dose of 8 infusions. All patients were cured except one who died after abortion. The outcome of pregnancy was available for 89 cases 76 of these 89 [85.4%] gave birth to normal living babies at term: 4 [4.5%] abortions and 9 of the 89 [10.1%] pre term deliveries. There were two apparent congenital malformations in the term living babies. In conclusion, the regimen of quinine therapy adopted is satisfactory, effective and without serious complications to mother or foetus

community-based survey on the incidence and etiology of maternal mortality in Gezira province, Sudan

Maternal mortality in Gezira Province, Sudan, was studied through an epidemiological survey namely a household interview to determine the incidence and causes of maternal mortality and to identify the important risk factors in maternal mortality. It was a retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological survey, the first of its kind in Gezira Province, conducted during the period 28 November 1987 to 26 December 1987 when 3826 families were visited. This study included 52 maternal deaths. The maternal mortality rate [MMR] was estimated as 348 per 100 000 live births. The main causes of death were haemorrhage, hypertensive diseases with pregnancy, sepsis and infectious hepatitis. Maternity services were adequate in Gezira Province; 78.8% of deaths were in localities where a primary health care unit was available and 80.8% of deaths were in localities where a trained village midwife was available. The utilization of those services was satisfactory; 71.2% of all deaths had antenatal care and 50% of the deaths were attended by consultant obstetricians. The level of education of the mother and husband, the husband's income and the council area where the pregnant woman resided were found to be the most significant factors affecting maternal survival during pregnancy and childbirth