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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(3): e202202624, jun. 2023. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1436132

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Wildervanck (cérvico-óculo-acústico) es una patología muy rara, caracterizada por la tríada clásica de fusión de vértebras cervicales o anomalía de Klippel-Feil, síndrome de Duane (paresia del VI par craneal) e hipoacusia. Se han descrito, además, otras afecciones a nivel vascular, cardíaco y musculoesquelético. En este caso clínico, describimos a una paciente que cumple la tríada cardinal, además de presentar datos clínicos adicionales que no han sido reportados con anterioridad, lo cual contribuye a la ampliación del fenotipo de la enfermedad. Asimismo, realizamos una revisión de la literatura respecto a este síndrome


Wildervanck syndrome (also known as cervico-oculo-acoustic dysplasia) is a very rare disease, characterized by the typical triad of cervical vertebral fusion or Klippel-Feil anomaly, Duane syndrome (paresis of the sixth cranial nerve), and hearing loss. Other vascular, cardiac, and musculoskeletal conditions have also been described. In this case report, we describe a patient who met the cardinal triad and also presented additional clinical data that have not been previously reported, which contribute to broadening the disease phenotype. We have also reviewed the bibliography related to this syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Duane Retraction Syndrome , Deafness/genetics , Klippel-Feil Syndrome
2.
Rev. colomb. ortop. traumatol ; 37(2): 1-12, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1532208

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La displasia del desarrollo de la cadera (DDC) abarca un conjunto de anormalidades relacionadas con el proceso de maduración del acetábulo y del tercio proximal del fémur Si no se trata de manera adecuada y oportuna, los pacientes con esta condición pueden desarrollar osteoartritis (OA) eventualmente.Objetivo. Recopilar y sintetizar evidencia científica publicada entre enero de 2000 y febrero de 2023 sobre la fisiopatología de la DDC y su relación con el desarrollo de OA de cadera en términos de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos genéticos, inflamatorios e inmunológicos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos de literatura biomédica (PubMed/Medline, Embase, SciELO) y herramientas bioinformáticas (e-Ensambl, STRING), mediante términos como "displasia de cadera", "osteoartritis", "etiología" y "genes". Se incluyeron estudios observacionales clínicos y genéticos realizados en humanos.Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 349 registros, de los cuales 23 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Los genes que interactúan con módulos genéticos parecen participar en el desarrollo articular y la etiología de las enfermedades relacionadas con el cartílago y el hueso; sin embargo, la inestabilidad mecánica producida por la DCC activa factores inflamatorios e inmunológicos, predisponiendo OA. A partir de la información encontrada, se puede considerar que existe una relación muy estrecha entre DDC y OA.Conclusiones. Conocer los mecanismos fisiopatológicos genéticos, inflamatorios e inmunológicos de DDC y OA favorece la realización de un diagnóstico oportuno y, en consecuencia, posibilita brindar un tratamiento adecuado para disminuir y controlar el daño a largo plazo y mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente


Introduction: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) encompasses a set of abnormalities related to the maturation process of the acetabulum and the proximal third of the femur. If not treated properly and promptly, patients with this condition may eventually develop osteoarthritis (OA).Objective: To compile and synthesize scientific evidence published between January 2000 and February 2023 on the pathophysiology of DDH and its relationship to the development of hip OA in terms of genetic, inflammatory and immunological pathophysiological mechanisms.Methodology: A literature review was performed in biomedical literature databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, SciELO) and bioinformatic resources (e-Ensambl, STRING), using terms such as "hip dysplasia", "osteoarthritis", "etiology", and "genes". Clinical and genetic observational studies involving human subjects were included.Results: The initial search yielded 349 records, of which 23 met the eligibility criteria. Genes that interact with genetic modules may play a role in the development of joints and the etiology of diseases that affect the bones and cartilage; however, the mechanical instability caused by DDH activates inflammatory and immunological factors, predisposing to OA. Based on the information obtained, it is possible to consider that there is a very close relationship between DDH and OA.Conclusions: Knowing the genetic, inflammatory and immunological pathophysiological mechanisms of DDH and OA favors timely diagnosis and, consequently, allows providing proper treatment to reduce and control long-term damage and improve the patient's quality of life

3.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(10): 1386-1395, oct. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431857

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Undergraduate Pathology training in medicine is based on modalities centered on the teacher and associated with controlled motivation, with low satisfaction with the educational process. According to the Self-determination Theory, an early participation with responsibilities in clinical practice and an educational environment that promotes autonomy and basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS), would generate intrinsic motivation. AIM: To develop an educational intervention based on the pathologists' workplace model, which supports a learning environment intended to the satisfaction of BPNS in medical students. To evaluate the results of the intervention on the levels of motivation and satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the first phase of the study, an educational modality focused on the student was planned, consisting of the design of a pathological clinical case (DPC), performing the specialist's steps under minimal supervision and a contextualized environment. In the second phase, the level of satisfaction (Scale of student experience) and intrinsic motivation in 3rd year medical students was evaluated. RESULTS: After the intervention, 99 students showed high levels of satisfaction (94% of agreement) and intrinsic motivation (6.7 of 7 points), including all sub-scales. They considered that their competences had increased and assessed the intervention as useful. CONCLUSIONS: DPC is an innovative, feasible and attractive methodology for Pathology learning, with a high degree of satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. This experience can be extended to similar disciplines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical/psychology , Motivation , Personal Satisfaction , Personal Autonomy , Learning
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(6): 773-777, dic. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973696

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson se caracteriza por retardo mental, ictiosis congènita y diplejía o cuadriplejía espástica. El defecto primario en este síndrome es la mutación del gen ALDH3A2, que codifica la enzima aldehído deshidrogenasa grasa y causa una deficiencia enzimática que produce una acumulación de alcoholes y aldehídos grasos en los tejidos que comprometen la integridad de la membrana celular, cuyos efectos pueden observarse en la piel, los ojos y el sistema nervioso central. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de la cuantificación de la actividad de la enzima. Se describe el caso de una paciente con signos clínicos patognomónicos del síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson, cuyo diagnóstico se realizó por medio de la cuantificación de la actividad enzimática en un cultivo de fibroblastos. Además, tomando en cuenta el árbol genealógico de la paciente, se realizó el estudio en los padres y un hermano con signos sugestivos del síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson.


Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is characterized by congenital ichthyosis, mental retardation and spastic diplegia or quadriplegia. The primary defect in this syndrome is mutation of ALDH3A2 gen that codes for the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Deficiency of this enzyme causes an accumulation of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes, leading to altered cell-membrane integrity. Skin, eyes, and the central nervous system are affected latter. The diagnosis is carried out through the cuantification of the enzyme activity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome/diagnosis , Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/genetics , Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome/genetics , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Mutation
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(11): 1317-1324, nov. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985705

ABSTRACT

The 2017 Guidelines on hypertension of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, which proposed values of 130/80 mmHg as the cutoff points for the onset of hypertension, aroused great interest. This recommendation is based in the SPRINT study (The Systolic Pressure Intervention Trial), which included hypertensive patients over 50 years of age, non-diabetic, without a history of stroke and with a low representation of subjects with a history of coronary artery disease (16%). A group with intensive anti-hypertensive therapy (pressure achieved 121.5 mmHg) achieved a significantly lower cardiovascular risk as compared with a group with standard therapy (pressure achieved 134.6 mmHg). The Guide proposes immediate pharmacological therapy in diabetic hypertensive patients, in those with stage 3 chronic kidney disease or with persistent albuminuria, and in patients with atherosclerotic disease. The Guideline does not include the management of isolated systolic hypertension of the elderly and did not consider studies that show an increased risk when pressure is reduced below 130/80 mmHg in patients with coronary disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure. The new classification of hypertension would increase the number of hypertensive patients in our country by more than one million, would increase the risk associated with diastolic pressure reductions in older adults and ignores the evidence indicating a risk associated with reductions below 130/80 mmHg in patients with diabetes, with chronic renal failure or with atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, it is advisable to maintain a threshold of 140/90 mmHg and perform a careful and gradual management of blood pressure in the latter group of hypertensive patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Hypertension/physiopathology , Hypertension/therapy , Reference Values , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Hypertension/classification
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(2): 232-240, feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961382

ABSTRACT

Background: Title revalidation of foreign medical graduates to practice medicine in Chile is a complex and expensive process. According to the legislation they are required to approve the Unique National Exam of Medical Knowledge (EUNACOM), which has a theoretical and a practical section. Aim: To demonstrate that a collaborative and standardized examination of the practical section of EUNACOM is more effective and efficient than traditional practical examinations. Material and Methods: The faculties of Medicine of the Catholic University of Chile, University of Chile and University of Concepción were associated to implement an examination proposal, framed in the legislation. The EUNACOM board supported and funded the initiative which consisted in the implementation of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for each basic specialty of medicine, applied to 40 designated candidates. This format was selected because of the wide experience and evidence at the international level in the certification of medical professionals. Results: A collaborative and standardized OSCE reduces to less than half the time spent by examiners, providing more evidence of validity, reliability and objectivity. It also allows to visualize the real costs per applicant, which proved to be higher than those currently charged by EUNACOM, but comparatively lower than the examination used in the United States. Conclusions: A collaborative OSCE responds to the ethical principle of justice by being more valid, reliable, objective and cost efficient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Certification/standards , Clinical Competence/standards , Foreign Medical Graduates/standards , Certification/legislation & jurisprudence , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Foreign Medical Graduates/legislation & jurisprudence
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(1): 15-22, ene. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-674040

ABSTRACT

Background: Medical education should prepare students to face a dynamic environment, through competencies that allow them to learn independently. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between self-directed learning and value profile of undergraduate first year students in a medical school in Chile. Material and Methods: Self-Directed Learning Scale and Schwartz's Values Questionnaire were applied to 235 medical students from the University of Concepción, Chile. Results: Self-direction and Security are value types that correlate directly and significantly with the overall scale and with the five subscales of Self-Directed Learning. Conclusions: In first year medical students ofUniversity of Concepcion, Chile, Self-direction and Security are values that facilitate Self-directed Learning.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Competency-Based Education/methods , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Learning , Self-Assessment , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Competency-Based Education/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies , Linear Models , Students, Medical/psychology
8.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 17(2): 79-86, mar.-abr. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553960

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivos: la geometría permite la caracterización matemática objetiva de las formas; la geometría fractal caracteriza objetos irregulares. La forma de los estados dinámicos del ventrículo izquierdo que se observa mediante eco-cardiografía, puede evaluarse de manera objetiva a partir de medidas de dimensiones fractales. Métodos: se midió la dimensión fractal a través del método de Box-Counting de tres objetos definidos en 28 imágenes eco-cardiográficas, 16 de infantes normales (grupo A) y 12 enfermos (grupo B), a fin de establecer diferencias entre salud y estados patológicos a partir de su comparación con las dimensiones fractales de dos prototipos de normalidad y dos de enfermedad. Resultados: se desarrolló una nueva metodología diagnóstica de aplicación clínica basada en el concepto de "armonía matemática intrínseca", y se halló que las dimensiones fractales de los objetos definidos para un ecocardiograma enfermo presentan similitudes hasta en su cuarta cifra significativa, con lo que se evidencia la posibilidad de seguir la evolución de normalidad a enfermedad. De acuerdo con los cálculos realizados 68,75% de los casos del grupo A podrían tener mejor evaluación con el diagnóstico desarrollado y los enfermos podrían diagnosticarse de modo más efectivo. Conclusiones: las imágenes ecocardiográficas pediátricas pueden caracterizarse de manera objetiva con medidas de dimensión fractal, lo cual permite desarrollar una metodología de diagnóstico clínico de la eco-cardiografía en menores de edad, a partir del concepto de armonía matemática intrínseca.


Background and objectives: Geometry allows the objective mathematical characterization of forms. Fractal geometry characterizes irregular objects. The left ventricle dynamical states form observed through echocardiography can be objectively evaluated through fractal dimension measures. Methods: A measurement of fractal dimension was performed using the Box-counting method of three defined objects in 28 echocardiographic images, 16 from normal children (group A) and 12 ill children (group B), in order to establish differences between health and illness from its comparison with the fractal dimensions of 2 normality prototypes and 2 disease prototypes. Results: A new diagnostic, clinical application methodology was developed based in the "intrinsic mathematical harmony" (IMH) concept, and it was observed that the fractal dimensions of the defined objects for an abnormal echocardiogram show similarity to its fourth significant number, thus demonstrating the possibility of following up the evolution from normality towards disease. According to the performed calculations, 68.75% of the cases in group A could be better evaluated with the developed diagnostic methodology, and the ill ones could be diagnosed more effectively. Conclusions: The pediatric echocardiography images can be objectively characterized with fractal dimension measurements, thus enabling the development of a clinical diagnostic methodology of echocardiography in children from the IMH concept.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography , Fractals , Mathematics
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(6): 746-752, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-524953

ABSTRACT

Background: Professionalism should be included as a fundamental component in the curriculum of undergraduate as well as graduate students of Medicine. Future physicians should be aware of the attributes that a professional should possess. Aim: To analyze the ideal medical doctor attributes from the point of view of physicians and students of Medicine. Material and methods: One hundred four physicians (MD) and 47 students answered a free association test on the attributes they would assign to a good physician. The test was applied via Internet to professionals, and students were tested in group dynamics at the beginning of the class on Bioethics and Professionalism. Data were processed according to the Lexical Availability Model (LAM) which provides quantitative as well as qualitative evaluations. Results: The attributes with higher scores among MD's were honesty (0.379), regular academic updating (0.373), ability (0.325) and empathy (0.241). Among students, the selected attributes were excellence (0.625), empathy (0.511), responsibility (0.280) and ability (0.209). A general agreement was found among physicians and students, excepts by the fact that MD's consider continuing academic updating as the most important attribute. Conclusions: The attributes that physicians and medical students evaluate as essential in professionalism were identified using the LAM approach. At the beginning of the career, students have a definite humanistic approach to their future profession.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physicians , Professional Competence/standards , Students, Medical , Humanism , Semantics
10.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 6(3): 47-56, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635940

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La geometría fractal mide la irregularidad de objetos abstractos y naturales con la dimensión fractal. Se han aplicado cálculos fractales a las estructuras del cuerpo humano y a cuantificaciones en fisiología desde la teoría de los sistemas dinámicos. Material y métodos. Se calcularon las dimensiones fractales, el número de espacios de ocupación del borde en el espacio de box counting y la superficie ocupada por la imagen en píxeles de dos grupos de eritrocitos provenientes de pacientes y de bolsas para transfusión (7 normales, grupo A y 7 anormales, grupo B), utilizando el método de box counting y un software desarrollado para tal efecto. Se compararon las medidas obtenidas, buscando diferencias entre eritrocitos normales y anormales de manera individual y muestras de estos. Resultados. La anormalidad se caracteriza por un número de espacios de ocupación del espacio fractal mayor o igual a 180 píxeles; valores de superficie en píxeles entre 25.117 y 33.548 corresponden a normalidad. En caso de que la evaluación sea de normalidad, de acuerdo con el número de espacios, debe confirmarse con el valor de la superficie en pixeles a eritrocitos adyacentes dentro de la muestra, la cual, en caso de tener valores por fuera de los establecidos y/o espacios mayores o iguales a 180 píxeles, sugieren anormalidad de la muestra. Conclusiones. La metodología desarrollada es eficaz para diferenciar alteraciones eritrocitarias y probablemente útil en el análisis de bolsas de transfusión para uso clínico.


Introduction. Fractal geometry measures the irregularity of abstract and natural objects with the fractal dimension. Fractal calculations have been applied to the structures of the human body and to quantifications in physiology from the theory of dynamic systems. Material and Methods. The fractal dimensions were calculated, the number of occupation spaces in the space border of box counting and the area of two red blood cells groups, 7 normal ones, group A, and 7 abnormal, group B, coming from patient and of bags for transfusion, were calculated using the method of box counting and a software developed for such effect. The obtained measures were compared, looking for differences between normal and abnormal red blood cells, with the purpose of differentiating samples. Results. The abnormality characterizes by a number of squares of occupation of the fractal space greater or equal to 180; values of areas between 25.117 and 33.548 correspond to normality. In case that the evaluation according to the number of pictures is of normality, must be confirmed with the value of the area applied to adjacent red blood cells within the sample, that in case of having values by outside established and/or the greater or equal spaces to 180, they suggest abnormality of the sample. Conclusions. The developed methodology is effective to differentiate the red globules alterations and probably useful in the analysis of bags of transfusion for clinical use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Erythrocytes , Weights and Measures , Fractals , Methodology as a Subject
11.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 15(2): 50-54, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-491806

ABSTRACT

La caracterización del estado y la evolución de los sistemas son descritas por la teoría de los sistemas dinámicos. Los sistemas caóticos pueden evaluarse con dimensiones fractales.Se estudiaron 17 Holter, cuatro de los cuales se diagnosticaron como normales y 13 con diferentes enfermedades. Se generó la secuencia de valores de la frecuencia cardiaca a partir de los valores medidos en el examen clínico. Para cada simulación se construyó un atractor, se evaluó su dimensión fractal así como los espacios de ocupación del atractor y, finalmente, se hicieron comparaciones entre normalidad y enfermedad.Se diferenciaron dinámicas cardiacas caóticas agudas, de crónicas y normales con parámetros de medida relacionados con la dimensión fractal. Se encontraron valores máximos en la ocupación espacial de atractores asociados a eventos clínicos agudos, en la aplicación del método de Box-Counting. Los espacios evaluados para los atractores de individuos con eventos clínicos agudos, son la tercera parte de los normales. La totalidad de dinámicas cardiacas, según esta metodología, es finita.Se desarrolló una nueva metodología de evaluación del Holter a partir de simulaciones de la dinámica cardiaca y la evaluación de espacios dinámicos abstractos, de aplicación a cualquier caso particular.


Subject(s)
Clinical Diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Heart Conduction System , Heart Rate
12.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 14(3): 173-179, mayo-jun. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469036

ABSTRACT

La teoría fractal permite la caracterización objetiva de objetos irregulares. La ramificación coronaria izquierda es un objeto irregular que en la actualidad se evalúa por medio de la arteriografía, donde se determina la enfermedad arterial oclusiva a partir de la comparación de medidas entre segmentos arteriales, sin evaluar el impacto de la lesión en la ramificación coronaria total. La irregularidad de la totalidad de la ramificación coronaria puede evaluarse con dimensiones fractales.De manera fractal se caracterizaron imágenes consecutivas entre sístole y diástole de nueve pacientes con enfermedad arterial oclusiva moderada y se confrontaron con las medidas de siete pacientes con enfermedad arterial oclusiva severa y siete sin enfermedad arterial oclusiva mediante comparaciones de la variabilidad y la diferencia neta. Los pacientes con lesión moderada y sin enfermedad arterial oclusiva, presentan un comportamiento matemático que se caracteriza por mayor variabilidad, mientras que los pacientes con enfermedad arterial oclusiva severa presentan diferencias netas generalmente iguales a 0.


The fractal theory allows the objective characterization of irregular objects. The left coronary artery ramification is an irregular object actually evaluated by means of arteriography, in which the occlusive arterial disease is evaluated through the comparison of measures between arterial segments, without evaluating the impact of the lesion in the whole coronary ramification. The irregularity of the whole coronary ramification can be evaluated through fractal dimensions. Consecutive images between systole and diastole of nine patients with moderate occlusive arterial disease were characterized in a fractal way and were confronted with the measures of seven patients with severe occlusive arterial disease and with seven without occlusive arterial disease by comparing the variability and the net difference. Patients with moderate lesion and without occlusive arterial disease have a mathematical behavior characterized by a greater variability, while patients with severe occlusive disease have net differences generally equal to 0.


Subject(s)
Angiography , Coronary Angiography , Diastole , Systole
13.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 4(2): 58-63, dic. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635863

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La geometría fractal ha mostrado ser adecuada en la descripción matemática de objetos irregulares; esta medida se ha denominado dimensión fractal. La aplicación del análisis fractal para medir los contornos de las células normales así como aquellas que presentan algún tipo de anormalidad, ha mostrado la posibilidad de caracterización matemática de su irregularidad. Objetivos. Medir, a partir de la geometría fractal células del epitelio escamoso de cuello uterino clasificadas como normales, atipias escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US) y lesiones intraepiteliales escamosas de bajo grado (LEIBG), diagnosticadas mediante observación microscópica, en busca de mediciones matemáticas que las distingan. Metodología. Este es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo en el que se calcularon las dimensiones fractales, con el método de box counting simplificado y convencional, de los contornos celular y nuclear de 13 células del epitelio escamoso de cuello uterino normales y con anormalidades como ASC-US y lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado (LEI BG), a partir de fotografías digitales de 7 células normales, 2 ASCUS y 4 LEI BG diagnosticadas con criterios citomorfológicos mediante observación microscópica convencional. Resultados. Se desarrolló una medida cuantitativa, objetiva y reproducible del grado de irregularidad en las células del epitelio escamoso de cuello uterino identificadas microscópicamente como normales, ASC-US y LEI BG. Conclusiones Se evidenció una organización fractal en la arquitectura celular normal, así como en células ASC-US y las lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado (LEI BG). No se encontraron diferencias entre los tipos celulares estudiados.


Introduction. The fractal geometry has shown to be adapted in the mathematical description of irregular objects; this measurement has denominated fractal dimension. The application of the fractal analysis to measure the contours of the normal cells as well as those that present some type of abnormality, has shown the possibility of mathematical characterization of its irregularity. Objectives. To measure, from the fractal geometry cells of the squamous epithelium of uterine neck classified like normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and Low Grade Intraepitelial Lesion (L-SIL), diagnosed by means of microscopic observation, in search of mathematical measurements that distinguish them. Methodology. This is an exploratory descriptive study in which the fractal dimensions were calculated, with the simplified and the conventional box counting method, of the cellular and nuclear contours of 13 normal and with abnormalities cells of the scaly epithelium of uterine neck like ASC-US and L-SIL, from digital photographies of 7 normal cells, 2 ASC-US and 4 L-SIL diagnosed with cytomorphologic criteria by means of microscopic conventional observation. Results. There developed a quantitative, objective and reproducible measurement of the degree of irregularity in the cells of the scaly epithelium of uterine neck identified microscopically like normal, ASCUS y LEI BG. Conclusions an fractal organization was demonstrated in the cellular normal architecture, as well as in cells ASC-US and the injuries intraepiteliales of low degree L-SIL. They did not find differences between the cellular studied types.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fractals , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Cell Biology , Mathematics
14.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 13(3): 165-170, nov.-dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469050

ABSTRACT

La geometría fractal caracteriza objetivamente los grados de irregularidad de los objetos naturales. De otro lado, las dimensiones fractales permiten definir matemáticamente la irregularidad de las formas naturales, como por ejemplo las estructuras cardiacas.El ventrículo izquierdo se estudia a través del ventriculograma, y es a partir de este examen con la aplicación de la geometría fractal, que se puede calcular el grado de irregularidad, de forma objetiva y reproducible para cualquier paciente.A partir de 17 ventriculogramas de 6 de pacientes con fracción de eyección normal y 11 con fracción de eyección fracción menor a 40 porciento, con diagnóstico de compromiso ventricular severo, se desarrolló una medida cuantitativa de los ventriculogramas en la que se evaluaron los grados de similitud entre las dimensiones fractales de los contornos ventriculares izquierdos durante la dinámica cardíaca, en sístole, diástole y totalidad.


Fractal geometry is the geometry that objectively characterizes the degrees of irregularity of natural objects. On the other hand, fractal dimensions allow defining mathematically the irregularity of natural forms such as those of the heart structures. The left ventricle is studied through ventriculography, and by the application of fractal geometry to this exam, it is possible to calculate the degree of irregularity in an objective and reproducible way in any patient. From 17 ventriculographies, 6 from patients with normal ejection fraction and 11 with ejection fraction <40%, with diagnosis of severe ventricular involvement, a quantitative measurement from the ventriculographies was developed in which the degrees of similarity between the fractal dimensions of the left ventricles’ silhouettes during heart dynamics in systole, diastole and in the whole cycle, were evaluated. It was observed that the degree of similarity between the fractal dimensions of the comparisons made in the silhouette of a healthy ventricle vary between 2(0.9) and 2(10), whereas those of a ventricle with an ejection fraction < 40% is between 2(10) and 2(500) at least in one of the comparisons realized.


Subject(s)
Fractals , Stroke Volume
15.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 57(2): 89-100, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-434196

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: desarrollar un diagnóstico matemático de la monitoría fetal a partir de la aplicación de la ley de Zipf-Mandelbrot y las concepciones de salud y enfermedad de los sistemas dinámicos a la aparición de Componentes Dinámicos del Sistema (CDS) en el trazado de monitoría. Esta evaluación se hace calculando el grado de complejidad de la distribución de los CDS. Diseño: este estudio es de concordancia diagnóstica basado en una aplicación de la ley de los lenguajes naturales y de simplificaciones fisiológicas basadas en la teoría de sistemas dinámicos a la aparición de CDS de las frecuencias cardiacas fetales para construir una generalización diagnóstica. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron 100 monitorías de mujeres gestantes divididas en dos grupos: grupo A, 50 gestantes con factores de riesgo, y grupo B, 50 sin factores de riesgo. Basados en simplificaciones dinámicas, prototipos seleccionados y en la aplicación de la ley de Zipf-Mandelbrot para caracterizar el grado de complejidad usando todos los CDS posibles, se realizaron comparaciones con el resto de las monitorías diferenciando salud de enfermedad. Resultados: la dinámica cardiaca de un feto sano tiene una autoorganización matemática caracterizada por su grado de complejidad y la ausencia de CDS Invertidos Pronunciados (CDSiP) y la enfermedad es caracterizada por la pérdida de complejidad o la presencia de uno o más CDSiP, o la presencia de un CDS Invertido (CDSi) mayor o igual a 20x40 hasta 20x50 asociado a la aparición de otro CDSi mayor o igual de 20x50 o de la ausencia de CDS del grupo de 15 y/o de 20 latidos/minuto de altura, o combinaciones de las medidas diagnósticas. De acuerdo a las medidas obtenidas una de cada dos monitorías del grupo B y una de cada seis del grupo A tienen un diagnóstico equivocado según los parámetros clínicos convencionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Fetal Monitoring , Colombia
16.
Rev. salud pública ; 6(supl.1): 50-63, Oct. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-417227

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Describir algunas características sociodemográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos nuevos de lepra y sus convivientes de nueve municipios endémicos y uno no endémico para lepra en Colombia. METODOLOGíA: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, a partir de la información de los casos nuevos de lepra ingresados al Programa de Control y Eliminación de Lepra de los municipios participantes en el estudio de noviembre de 2002 a octubre de 2003 RESULTADOS: El 62,2 por ciento de los casos presentó la forma multibacilar y el 63 por ciento correspondía al género masculino, la mediana de edad fue de 46.5 años. El 55,6 por ciento de los casos nuevos tenía en el momento del diagnóstico discapacidades grado 1 y 2, mayor al reportado a escala nacional (37,5 por ciento) para el año 2003. Se observó una correlación positiva entre el porcentaje de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas por municipio y la incidencia de la enfermedad (r=0,69, p=0,0180). CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros hallazgos resaltan la poca respuesta del Programa de Control de Lepra en algunos municipios para realizar la detección activa y oportuna de los enfermos, además de evidenciar la asociación que históricamente esta enfermedad ha tenido con la pobreza.(AU)


OBJECTIVE: To describe some socio-demographical, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the new cases of leprosy and household reported from 9 endemic and 1 non-endemic towns in Colombia. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive analysis was made from the information of the new leprosy cases included in the leprosy control and elimination program of the participant towns in the study carried out between November 2002 and October 2003. RESULTS: 62.2 % of the cases presented the multibacillary form and 63 % of them were males; the median age was 46.5 years. 55.6 % of the new cases had first or second level impairments at the moment of diagnosis. This percentage is higher than the one reported in 2003 at a nationwide level, 37.5 %. A positive correlation was observed between the Unsatisfied Basic Needs Index (NBI) and the disease incidence by town (r=0.69, p=0.0180). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the little response of the Leprosy Control Program in some towns to carry out the active and timely detection of the diseased people, besides making evide nt the historical relationship that this disease has had with poverty.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases , Leprosy/epidemiology , Demography , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation , Colombia/epidemiology
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