ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the airflow characteristics and investigate the relationship of the structure and the function of nasal cavity by the three?dimensional reconstruction of nasal airway of patients with structural abnormalities(nasal septum deviation)and healthy people and the estab?lishment of finite element model by computer. Methods On the basis of CT imaging of the nasal cavity in patients with structural abnormalities(na?sal septum deviation,n=20)and healthy people(n=20),three?dimensional reconstruction of nasal airway was conducted by resurfacing finite ele?ment subdivision to simulate the characteristics of airflow in nasal cavity. Results The airflow mainly went through the commodious side of the nose in patients with nasal septum deviation and the maximum fluence appeared in the middle part of meatus nasi communis. The airway pressure de?creased most significantly in the most flank?curvature part of nasal septum deviation,accounting approximately 79.65%of the total pressure. In healthy people,the bilateral airflow was affected by nasal cycle and was mainly characterized by one nasal cavity,and the maximum fluence was ob?served in the middle and the inferior part of meatus nasi communis. The airway pressure decreased most significantly in limen nasi,accounting ap?proximately 58.78%of the total pressure. Conclusion Numerical modeling of nasal cavity can be used to analyze the relationship between the nasal structural abnormalities and the airflow characteristics,which is a scientific method to analyze the association of nasal structure and function with dis?ease and can be used for pre?and post?operative individual evaluation of operative therapeutic regimen targeting at optimizing airway and altering air?flow distribution.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptor in nasal inverted papillomas (NIP) and to clarify the function of VEGF in the occurrence of NIPs and the correlation with malignant phenotype.@*METHOD@#VEGF and its receptor (flk-1), expression were examined by immunohistochemistry using LSAB method in sections of NIP from 48 patients and squamous carcinoma from 8 patients.@*RESULT@#All the epithelium together with the adjacent vascular and stroma,expressed increased positive staining of VEGF and flk-1 with the degree of atypical hyperplasia in epithelium. The VEGF/flk-1 expression in epithelium was significantly stronger in severe atypical hyperplasia than that in mild atypical hyperplasia, and same in mild atypical hyperplasia than in NIPs (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#VEGF/flk-1 participate in the growth of NIPs. The enhanced VEGF/flk-1 in the epithelium may be identified as one of the parameters in judging malignant transformation of NIPs.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Nose Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Papilloma, Inverted , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Prognosis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Genetics , Metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To clone and sequence the cDNA encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)gene from Astragalus membranaceus.Methods RT-PCR and RACE Techniques were used to clone a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from A.membranaceus roots with the total RNA as the template.Results The cloned gene named as AmPAL and the Genbank registry number is EF567076.Squence analysis showed that the full-length of AmPAL cDNA was 2 650 bp,including a 2 154 bp open reading frame(ORF).AmPAL was a new number of PAL family that consisted of 718 amino acids with prediated mole-cular weight of 7.805?104 and isoelectric point(PI)of 5.96.At the same time,AmPAL had the homo-logy with PAL of known leguminous plants and shared above 80% identity of amino acid sequences.Conclusion It is the first report that a novel PAL gene is cloned from A.membranaceus.This work lays a foundation for regulating phenylpropanoid pathway of medical plant with AmPAL.