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Objective: Report the clinical case of Gastric Adenomyoma as etiology of pyloric syndrome. Clinical case: We present a 52 years old man who attended the emergency room due pyloric syndrome and who underwent a distal gastrectomy. The pathological report revealed a gastric adenomyoma with ulcerative lesion. Discussion: This pathology is an unusual finding, and the literature describe it with extremely low rate of malignant transformation. Conclusion: Gastric adenomyoma is a infrequent pathology and should be taken into account when endoscopic studies are not enough to determine the etiology of a pyloric syndrome.
Objetivo: Reportar el caso clínico de Adenomioma gástrico como etiología de un síndrome pilórico. Caso Clínico: Presentamos el caso de un varón de 52 años que acudió a emergencia por un síndrome pilórico quien fue sometido a una gastrectomía distal. El reporte de anatomía patológica revelo un Adenomioma gástrico con lesión ulcerativa múltiple. Discusión: Esta patología es un hallazgo inusual, siendo extremadamente baja su tasa de transformación maligna. Conclusiones: El Adenomioma gástrico es una patología infrecuente que debe ser tenida en cuenta cuando los estudios endoscópicos no logran definir la etiología de un síndrome pilórico.
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El páncreas ectópico en vesícula biliar es un hallazgo poco frecuente, con una incidencia menor a 0.5% de los casos descritos en la literatura. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 26 años que acude a emergencia por dolor abdominal quien fue sometida a una colecistectomía laparoscópica. El reporte anatomopatológico describió tejido pancreático ectópico en la pared de la vesícula biliar. Este hallazgo debe ser evaluado minuciosamente debido a la susceptibilidad del tejido pancreático a patologías como pancreatitis, lesiones quísticas y degeneración maligna, y debe ser considerado en el contexto de un pólipo vesicular asociado a sintomatología digestiva.
Ectopic pancreas is an unusual finding, with an incidence below 0.5% of all reports worldwide. We report a 26 years old woman who went to emergency room with abdominal pain and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The pathology report described pancreatic ectopic tissue in the wall of the gallbladder. This finding must be thoroughly evaluated because this tissue can suffer diseases like pancreatitis, cystic tumours and malign degeneration, and should be considerated in the context of gallbladder polips with digestive sintomatology.
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RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el efecto larvicida en éter de petróleo de los extractos de Allium sativum (ajo) y Annona muricata (guanábana) sobre larvas en IV estadio de Aedes aegypti en condiciones de laboratorio. Métodos Se realizaron diferentes bioensayos (tratamientos) en 6 concentraciones para Annona muricata y 7 concentraciones de Allium sativum, con cuatro repeticiones y un control. Se tuvo lecturas de mortalidad a las 2, 12, 24, 36 y 48 horas. Se validaron los datos obtenidos estadísticamente (corrección de Abbott y Análisis ANOVA). Además, se determinaron las concentraciones y tiempos letales para ambos extractos con un análisis Probit. Resultados Se obtuvo que, en un periodo de 48 horas, el tratamiento de 500 ppm del extracto de Annona muricata logró una mortalidad del 97%, mientras que el tratamiento de 2000 ppm con Allium sativum logró alcanzar una mortalidad del 85%. El tiempo letal 50 (50% de mortalidad) para Annona muricata, se obtuvo en el tratamiento de 200 ppm antes de 24 horas, para el caso de Allium sativum fue en el tratamiento de 1200 ppm antes de 48 horas. Para el tiempo letal 90 (90% de mortalidad) para Annona muricata, se obtuvo en el tratamiento de 400 ppm antes de 40 horas. Para el caso de Allium sativum, el tiempo letal 90 no fue posible obtenerlo experimentalmente. Se determinó por medio de un modelo matemático lineal, que dio como resultado 51 horas. Conclusión Ambas especies poseen efecto larvicida. Sin embargo, el extracto más eficiente y efectivo como larvicida es el de Annona muricata, lo que permite dar una alternativa natural, viable, económica y biodegradable para el control de larvas de esta especie.
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the larvicidal effect in petroleum ether of the extracts of Allium sativum (garlic) and Annona muricata (soursop) on larvae in stage IV of Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Methods Different bioassays (treatments) were performed in 6 factors for Annona muricata and 7 concentrations of Allium sativum, with four replications and one control. Mortality readings were taken at 2, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. The data obtained statistically (Abbott correction and ANOVA analysis) were validated, in addition, the concentrations and lethal times for both extracts were determined with a Probit analysis. Results It was obtained that, in a 48 hour period, the treatment of 500 ppm of the extract of Annona muricata resulted in a mortality of 97%, while the treatment of 2000 ppm with Allium sativum reached a mortality of 85%. The lethal time 50 (50% mortality) for Annona muricata, was obtained in the treatment of 200 ppm within 24 hours, in the case of Allium sativum it was in the treatment of 1200 ppm before 48 hours. For the lethal time 90 for Annona muricata, obtain the treatment of 400 ppm before 40 hours, for the case of Allium sativum, the lethal time 90 (90% mortality) could not be obtained experimentally, it was determined by means of a linear mathematical model, resulting in 51 hours. Conclusion Both species affected larvicidal effect. However, the most efficient and effective extract as a larvicide is that of Annona muricata, which allows giving a natural, viable, economical and biodegradable alternative for the control of larvae of this species.
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Resumen El sarcoma fibromixoide de bajo grado (LGFMS) es un tumor de tejidos blandos de origen mesenquimal. Los sarcomas son un grupo heterogéneo, que representa el 1% de todas las neoplasias. Los sarcomas primarios del sistema nervioso central (SNC) son raros y representan solo el 0,7% del total de sarcomas, con una incidencia estimada de 3 por cada 10 millones de personas por año. En este artículo, se describe el caso de una mujer de 59 años que presentó un sarcoma fibromixoide intracraneal de bajo grado, localizado en la región parietal derecha. Se discute el curso clínico, estudios de imágenes, características histopatológicas y tratamiento de este diagnóstico infrecuente y, por lo mismo, muy poco reportado. El diagnóstico definitivo se obtiene, ciertamente, mediante estudios histo-patológicos.
Summary Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group, representing 1% of all neoplasm diagnoses. Primary sarcomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare, and represent only 0.7% of all sarcomas, with an estimated incidence of 3 per 10 million people per year. The case of a 59-year-old woman who developed a low-grade intracranial fibromyxoid sarcoma in the right parietal region, is described. The clinical course, imaging studies, histopathological features, and treatment approach of this unusual diagnosis, are discussed. Low-grade intracranial fibromyxoid sarcoma is a rare and probably under- reported condition. The definitive diagnosis is usually made through histo-pathological studies.
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Background@#To determine patient factors that lead to treatment of meniscal tears with osteoarthritis (OA) with knee arthroscopy (KA) or physical therapy only (PT-only); and to assess differences in clinical outcomes including the time to knee arthroplasty. @*Methods@#Patients aged ≥ 45 years with OA at meniscal tear diagnosis were followed up from the date of surgery (KA) or first PT visit (PT-only) until partial/total knee replacement surgery, death, disenrollment, or end of study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared and used to derive propensity scores. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of knee replacement surgery and greater healthcare utilization associated with KA vs. PT-only. @*Results@#Among 7,026 patients (KA, 69%; PT-only, 31%), 27% had partial or total knee replacement surgery during follow-up.PT-only patients were older and more likely to be women and had more comorbidities. After accounting for differences between groups, the cumulative incidence of knee replacement was modestly but significantly higher for those who received KA than those who underwent PT-only (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.44; p < 0.001), although there was no significant difference in health service utilization, narcotic medication dispenses, or knee injections after initiating treatment. @*Conclusions@#For patients with meniscal damage complicated by OA, those who underwent KA were 30% more likely to have partial or total knee replacement surgery at any given time than those who had PT alone.
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Abstract This molecular study is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on identification of norovirus, NoV GII.4 Sydney 2012 variants, from blue mussels collected from UK coastal waters. Blue mussels (three pooled samples from twelve mussels) collected during the 2013 summer months from UK coastal sites were screened by RT-PCR assays. PCR products of RdRP gene for noroviruses were purified, sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. All the samples tested positive for NoVs. Sequencing revealed that the NoV partial RdRP gene sequences from two pooled samples clustered with the pandemic "GII.4 Sydney variants" whilst the other pooled sample clustered with the NoV GII.2 variants. This molecular study indicated mussel contamination with pathogenic NoVs even during mid-summer in UK coastal waters which posed potential risk of NoV outbreaks irrespective of season. As the detection of Sydney 2012 NoV from our preliminary study of natural coastal mussels interestingly corroborated with NoV outbreaks in nearby areas during the same period, it emphasizes the importance of environmental surveillance work for forecast of high risk zones of NoV outbreaks.
Subject(s)
Animals , Genotype , Mytilus edulis/virology , Norovirus/classification , Norovirus/isolation & purification , Aquatic Organisms/virology , Cluster Analysis , Mass Screening , Norovirus/genetics , Phylogeny , Prevalence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics , Seasons , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology , United KingdomABSTRACT
African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is a disease of concern with ravaging effects on the health of both animals and livestock in tropical Africa. This study investigates the anti-trypanosomal activities of Anogeissus leiocarpus (ALE) and Vitelleria paradoxa (VPE) stem bark extracts and also determines the toxicological profile of the active plant, with a view to establishing the anti-trypanosomal potential and safety of the plants. Laboratory mice (19 g 26 g) and rats (140 g 165 g) obtained from the Animal house, Faculty of Pharmacy, OAU, Ile-Ife were used for the study. The animals were treated according to the standard set criteria for animal use and care. VPE showed neither trypanocidal nor trypanostatic activities while ALE was found to be trypanostatic at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg body weight. However, the partitioned aqueous fraction of ALE was found to demonstrate comparable anti-trypanocidal effect as Diminal (standard agent). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. leiocarpus possesses antitrypanosomal effect through the relative suppression or delay in parasite establishment in trypanosome-infected mice. The toxicological study of A. leiocarpus stem bark extract revealed that it is relatively safe for use in cattle and other grazing animals.
La tripanosomiasis africana de los animales es una enfermedad de preocupación que causa estragos sobre la salud de los animales y el ganado en África tropical. Este estudio investiga las actividades anti-tripanosomal de Anogeissus leiocarpus (ALE) y Vitelleria paradoxa (VPE) del tallo y extractos de corteza. También determina el perfil toxicológico de la planta activa, con el fin de establecer el potencial anti-tripanosomal y la seguridad de las plantas. Ratones de laboratorio (19 g - 26 g) y ratas (140 g - 165 g) obtenidos del Bioterio de la Facultad de Farmacia de la OUA, se utilizaron para el estudio. Los animales fueron tratados de acuerdo con los criterios estándar establecido para el uso y cuidado de animales. VPE mostró actividades no tripanocidas ni tripanostáticas mientras que en ALE se encontró que era tripanostático a 62,5 y 125 mg/kg de peso corporal. Sin embargo, se encontró que la fracción acuosa de ALE demostró un efecto anti-tripanocida comparable como Diminal (agente estándar). En conclusión, el extracto etanólico de A. leiocarpus posee efecto sobre tripanosomas a través de la supresión relativa o retraso en la creación de parásitos en ratones infectados con tripanosomosis. El estudio toxicológico del extracto de corteza del tallo A. leiocarpus reveló que es relativamente seguro para su uso en el ganado y otros animales de pastoreo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Combretaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Sapotaceae/chemistry , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapy , Toxicity Tests , TrypanosomaABSTRACT
@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> This study investigated the relationship of diabetic retinopathy with ankle/brachial (ABI) scores and the presence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong> A prospective cross-sectional study of type 2 diabetic patients, aged 40-85 years, were recruited from the outpatient department of a tertiary hospital. Ankle/brachial index scores and the presence of microalbuminuria were determined. The presence and stage of diabetic retinopathy were assessed through contact lens biomicroscopy.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> There were 49 patients who participated in the study. Significant associations between severe diabeticretinopathy and abnormal ABI scores (p = 0.01) and the presence of microalbuminuria (p=0.01) were found.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Patients with severe diabetic retinopathy were more likely to have abnormal ankle/brachial index scores and microalbuminuria. Thus, those presenting with severe diabetic retinopathy were not only at risk of losing their sight but also at higher risk of developing life-threatening systemic vascular and renal complications of diabetes.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Ankle Brachial Index , Diabetic Retinopathy , Ankle , Albuminuria , Ankle Joint , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ABSTRACT
A los extractos, fracciones y subfracciones obtenidos de hojas, flores y corteza de Bursera tomentosa (Jacq.) Triana & Planch., Burseraceae, se les evalúo su actividad citotóxica preliminar frente a las líneas celulares CSC-1595 y Colo 205, siguiendo el método de fraccionamiento guiado por bioensayo de citotoxicidad MTT. Los resultados obtenidos de esta prueba muestran a la subfracción en diclorometano-metanol (9.5:0.5) obtenida de la fracción acetato de etilo del extracto en éter de petróleo de hojas, como la que presentó las sustancias bioactivas con una marcada actividad citotóxica, con porcentajes de viabilidad del 3 por ciento y 15.3 por ciento a la concentración 30 µg/mL en las líneas tumorales humanas Colo 205 y CSC-1595 respectivamente.
To the extracts, fractions and subfractions obtained from leaves, flowers and bark of Bursera tomentosa (Jacq.) Triana & Planch., Burseraceae, its preliminary cytotoxic activity against to the cellular lines CSC-1595 and Colo 205 were evaluated, following the MTT method. The results showed that dichloromethane-methanol (9.5:0.5) subfraction obtained of ethyl acetate part from petroleum extract of leaves, like to display the bioactives substances with a strong cytotoxic activity, showing viability percentage of 3 percent and 15,3 percent to the concentration 30 µg/mL in human tumor cellular lines Colo 205 and CSC-1595 respectively.
A atividade citotóxica de extratos frações e subfrações obtidas das folhas e cascas de Bursera tomentosa (Jacq.) Triana & Planch., Burseraceae, foram preliminarmente avaliados pelo método MTT frente a linhagens celulares tumorais CSC-1595 e Colo 205. Os resultados mostraram que a subfração diclorometano-metanol (9.5:0.5), obtidos a partir da fração acetato de etila do extrato em éter de petróleo das folhas, como sendo a que apresenta substâncias bioativas com forte atividade citotóxica, taxa de viabilidade de 3 por cento e de 15,3 por cento na concentração de 30 µg/mL em linhagens de células tumorais humanas Colo 205 e CSC-1595, respectivamente.
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Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino con neutropenia crónica e infección por el virus de immunodeficiencia humana, con una revisión de los posibles mecanismos patogénicos. Las alteraciones hematológicas como anemia, trombocitopenia y leucopenia se presentan asociadas con frecuencia a la infección aguda por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Al establecer la terapia antirretroviral y disminuir la actividad del virus, estas alteraciones tienden a mejorar. Sin embargo, algunos fármacos antirretrovirales, como la zidovudina, poseen toxicidad medular y pueden producir o empeorar las alteraciones hematológicas en estos pacientes, lo cual lleva a cambios en los esquemas de tratamiento. Los citotóxicos y antimetabolitos empleados en el tratamiento de neoplasias asociadas tienen conocida actividad depresora sobre la médula ósea. Algunos antimicrobianos utilizados en la profilaxis de infecciones poseen también toxicidad hematológica conocida, como el trimetoprim-sulfametaxazol, por lo que deben ser utilizados con precaución en pacientes con infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Por otro lado, se plantean mecanismos alternativos que causan neutropenia en estos pacientes, como la formación de anticuerpos antineutrófilos, daño primario del progenitor granulocítico, por desbalance en la producción de neutrófilos, por anticuerpos contra la glicoproteína gp 120 de la cápside viral del VIH, y deficiencias vitamínicas. En el caso del paciente neutropénico febril, en quien se sospecha infección bacteriana grave, se pueden utilizar los factores estimulantes de las colonias de granulocitos para aumentar los conteos absolutos de neutrófilos y mejorar la recuperación clínica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Ganciclovir , Neutropenia , Pentamidine , Rifabutin , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapyABSTRACT
Background: Liver diseases are common in patients with HIV due to viral hepatitis B and C co-infections; opportunistic infections or malignancies; antiretroviral drugs and drugs for opportunistic infections. Objective: To describe the spectrum of liver diseases in HIV-infected patients attending an HIV clinic in Kampala; Uganda. Method: Consecutive patients presenting with jaundice; right upper quadrant pain with fever or malaise; ascites and/or tender hepatomegaly were recruited and underwent investigations to evaluate the cause of their liver disease. Results: Seventy-seven consecutive patients were recruited over an eleven month period. Of these; 23 (30) had increased transaminases because of nevirapine (NVP) and/or isoniazid (INH) hepatotoxicity. Although 14 (61) patients with drug-induced liver disease presented with jaundice; all recovered with drug discontinuation. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 11 (15) patients while anti-hepatitis C antibody was reactive in only 2 (3). Probable granulomatous hepatitis due to tuberculosis was diagnosed in 7 (9) patients and all responded to anti-TB therapy. Other diagnoses included alcoholic liver disease; AIDS cholangiopathy; hepatocellular carcinoma; schistosomiasis; haemangioma and hepatic adenoma. Twelve (16) patients died during follow-up of which 7 (9) died because of liver disease. Conclusion: Drug history; liver enzyme studies; ultrasound; and hepatitis B and C investigations identified the probable etiology in 60 (78) of 77 patients with HIV infection presenting with symptoms and/or signs of liver disease
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis B virus , Liver Diseases , Signs and SymptomsABSTRACT
Haemophilus influenzae isolates characterized in a previously published study from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were analysed by outer membrane protein [OMP] profiling, Isolates from patients with confirmed respiratory tract infections were investigated. Antibiotic susceptibility tests in vitro showed 25/129 [19.4%] had various degrees of reduced susceptibility to ampicillin although all were fully susceptible to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. OMP profiles of the beta-lactamase mediated ampicillin-resistant and beta-lactamase negative; ampicillin intermediate resistant strains [BLNAI] isolated were investigated. Dendrograms of scanned SDS-PAGE of these strains showed 15 different groupings from the 15 non-typable [NTHi] isolates tested demonstrating a high degree of heterogeneity whereas the 5 Hib isolates demonstrated significantly closer relatedness and were probably clonat. The present study demonstrates the groupings of H. influenzae strains by OMP profile analysis which did not correlate with the beta-lactamase production ability, BLNAI isolates, geographical origin or biotype
Subject(s)
Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Ampicillin , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , beta-LactamasesABSTRACT
O quadro clínico de trombose generalizada de múltiplos órgãos acompanhada de insuficiência ou falência dos mesmos, em associação com anticorpos antifosfolípides, é chamado de síndrome antifosfolípide catastrófica (síndrome de Asherson). Esta é uma variante da síndrome antifosfolípide, que pode ocorrer em pacientes sem este diagnóstico ou mesmo durante o curso da síndrome primária e/ou secundária, mesmo com terapêutica anticoagulante. Os pacientes apresentam, principalmente, oclusões de pequenos vasos e as manifestações clínicas dependem dos órgãos acometidos. Fatores desencadeantes podem ser observados em metade dos casos e, apesar dos tratamentos, a sua mortalidade ainda é alta. Esta revisão apresentará a evolução de nossos conhecimentos sobre esta condição e como nós a compreendamos na atualidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid , Antiphospholipid Syndrome , ThrombosisABSTRACT
A terapia de desbridamento com larvas consiste na aplicação de larvas vivas de moscas em ferimentos que se recusam a curar, com a finalidade de desbridar o tecido necrosado e promover o crescimento de novos tecidos. As larvas liquefazem o tecido necrosado, eliminam as bactérias - mesmo as resistentes a antibióticos -, diminuem o tempo de cura e deixam apenas uma pequena cicatriz. Essa técnica teve seu auge durante as décadas de 1930 e 1940, entrando em declínio após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em 1990, pesquisas e aplicações clínicas da terapia com larvas aumentaram dramaticamente, com centenas de centros nos EUA, Europa e Oriente Médio atualmente utilizando esse método para o tratamento de úlceras de pressão, úlceras de pés diabéticos, úlceras de estase venosa e outros ferimentos crônicos
Subject(s)
Humans , Debridement , Larva , Homeopathic Therapeutic ApproachesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that transition duct cells (TDC) are facultative liver stem cells. Our laboratory established TDC32300 cell lines with hepatic progenitor markers. The authors proposed that cell culture using sodium butyrate (NaBut) and acidic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF) may support the differentiation of TDC32300 cells along the hepatic lineage. METHODS: TDC32300 cells were cultured in four different conditions 1) STON media alone; 2) STON with NaBut in 3 different concentrations, 1 mM, 3.75 mM and 5 mM; 3) STON with aFGF; and 4) STON with aFGF and dexamethasone. After day 5, the cultured cells were fixed and stained with monoclonal antibodies to rat liver antigens and anti-proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS: Proliferation of TDC32300 cells cultured in the high concentration of NaBut (3.75 and 5 mM) was inhibited. This phenomenon was confirmed by the reduction in cell number and decrease in PCNA expression. Irrespective of the concentration, NaBut did not alter the phenotype of the TDC32300 cultured cells. aFGF with or without dexamethasone also did not alter the phenotypic characteristic of TDC32300 cells. CONCLUSION: TDC32300 cells may not be the hepatic progenitors or that their differentiation may require other culture conditions.