Evaluation of efficiency in patients with a chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis in Jahrom University, 2018

Introduction:Patients with a chronic renal failure are confronted with many physical and psychological stresses. One of the effective factors in improving the quality of hemodialysis patients is self-efficacy, which means one's confidence in the capability of carrying out self-care behaviors in a particular condition. Considering the importance of self-efficacy in patients' coping with the illness and having a successful life, the researchers decided to put in necessary plans to improve the level of self-efficacy in this population of patients and increase their self-confidence in the treatment plan.Method:The present study is an analytical descriptive study. It includes all patients over 18 years with a chronic renal illness , reading and writing skills, auditory, verbal and caution ability to answer the patients' questions who have at least undergone of one year of treatment by hemodialysis and coverage of dialysis center at Shahid Motahhari Educational Hospital Under the supervision of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done by census method. A 2-part questionnaire was used to collect information. The first part consists of demographic information. The second part consists of a self-efficacy questionnaire consisting of 29 questions of 5 options. In order to determine the self-efficacy score, the mean and standard deviation of scores were calculated first and then, taking into account the upper limit and the lower limit, the sum and subtraction of the mean and the standard deviation scoring were made. After collecting the data, by using the SPSS21 software, the data were analyzed.Results:56% of the samples were male and the rest were female. Most(about 87%) were married and the average age was 60.9 ± 1.4.Self-efficacy scorein the samples was 56.6 ± 1.2. Self-efficacy score in married people (57.5 ± 11.5) was higher than single ones (44.2 ± 6.0 and p less than 0.001). Self-efficacy was significantly higher in people over 60 years than those under 60 years. Self-efficacy score was higher in those without a history of renal disease (62.3 ± 11.5) than those with a history of renal disease (55.5 ± 11.8 and p less than 0.05).However, there was no significant relationship between the self-efficacy score with sex, number of children, the cause of renal disease, economic status, occupational status, history of renal disease in the family, duration of the disease and duration of treatment with hemodialysis. Evaluation of efficiency in patients with a chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis in Jahrom University,2018Zeinijahromi M, et al. 2Conclusion: Due to the low self-efficacy score in people under 60 years, single and with longer illness, we can conclude that it should be given more attention and therapeutic plans to thesethree groups to improve self-efficacy in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Jahromcity.

Human amniotic membrane effect on colorectal anastomosis in dogs undergoing radiotherapy with/without diverting stoma: an experimental preliminary study

Background: Radiotherapy is an important factor which results in increase of anastomosis leakage. Diverting loop ileostomy has been usually performed after colorectal anastomosis with history of neo-adjuvant radiotherapy to decrease the chance of leakage. Considering this effect, we assessed the feasibility and outcome of human amniotic membrane in rectal anastomosis in dogs previously treated by high-dose radiotherapy

Materials and Methods: Twelve cross-breed male dogs with the age of 6-8 months and weighting 10-15 kg were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 received radiotherapy and 4 weeks later, single layer end to end anastomosis was performed for all the dogs; also, diverting loop ileostomy was placed in groups 1 and 3. Four weeks later, the anastomosis site was resected and sent for pathologic wound healing scoring. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using Mann- Whitney test

Results: Two dogs [of group 1 and 2] died of peritonitis due to anastomosis leakage during the 2[nd] post operation week. There was no statistically significant difference in wound healing between the case and control groups [P-Value: 0.01]

Conclusion: HAM had a protective role in colorectal anastomosis after neo-adjuvant radiation in cases without loop diverting ileostomy. It can be concluded that HAM placement is a feasible technique instead of diverting loop ileostomy in cases with neo-adjuvant radiotherapy and also in the benign colorectal diseases with high risk anastomoses

[Hypoglycemic interaction effects of 4 and 6 weeks swimming training and aloe barbadensis hydroalcoholic extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats]

Background: Exercise and nutrition are basic pillars of taking care and management of diabetes

Objective: Aim of present study was to review the hypoglycemic interaction effects of swimming and Aloe barbadensis in diabetic rats

Methods: 72 diabetic rats selected and divided in 9 groups [1] first week control, [2] fourth week control, [3] sixth week control, [4] 4 weeks Aloe barbadensis, [5] 6 weeks Aloe barbadensis, [6]4 weeks swimming, [7] 6 weeks swimming, [8] 4 weeks swimming with Aloe barbadensis, [9] 6 weeks swimming with Aloe barbadensis. For review the effect of diabetes induction 24 healthy rats selected and divided in 3 groups [10] first week control, [11] fourth week control and [12] sixth week control. Groups 6 and 8 swam for 4 weeks and rats of groups 7 and 9 swam for 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes per session also groups 4, 5, 8 and 9 received 100 mg/kg Aloe barbadensis daily. For statistical analysis of data used one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and bonferroni post hoc tests [P<0.05]

Results: Diabetes induction has significant effect on increase of glucose and insulin resistance and reduction of insulin in diabetic rats [P<0.05], swimming training, Aloe barbadensis and combination of swimming and Aloe barbadensis have significant effect on reduction of glucose and insulin resistance [P<0.05] also 6 weeks swimming rather than 4 weeks and 6 weeks Aloe barbadensis rather than 4 weeks have more effect on reduction of glucose and insulin resistance [P<0.05]

Conclusion: 4 and 6 weeks swimming and Aloe barbadensis have hypoglycemic interaction effects in diabetic rats

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in a central district in Islamic Republic of Iran: a population-based study on adults aged 40-80 years

Previous studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Islamic Republic of Iran were mainly performed in provinces with large populations. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in an adult population [40-80 years old] from Yazd district. Multistage, systematic cluster random sampling was used in a cross-sectional, population-based survey. Demographic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected, with diabetes defined as fasting blood sugar >/= 7 mmol/L or a positive medical history of diabetes. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of diabetes in 2090 individuals participants was 24.5% [95% CI: 22.2-26.8%], including 10.5% new cases. For each year of ageing, the prevalence of diabetes increased significantly by 4% and this trend was more pronounced in females than males. Low education and hypertension were significantly associated with diabetes prevalence. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Yazd is greater than the average levels nationwide and those of nearby countries

[Introduction of hematological and molecular algorithms for diagnosis of factor XIII deficiency in Iran laboratories]

Factor XIII deficiency [FXIIID] is an extremely rare hemorrhagic disorder with an approximately 12 higher incidence in comparison with reported global incidence of the disorder. A standard diagnostic algorithm was proposed by the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis [ISTH] for FXIIID, however, due to the lack of investments all parts of this algorithm cannot be applied in Iran. Thus, this study presented a national algorithm for diagnosis of FXIIID in Iran. For presentation of a national algorithm, all previously published data about Iranian patients with FXIIID as well as practical methods for diagnosis of FXIIID were collected using Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. With available facilities, an algorithm with regards to the laboratory assessment, clinical presentations as well as family history can be suitable for an on time and less expensive diagnosis of FXIIID in Iran. Since ISTH diagnostic algorithm is expensive and time consuming, an economical and more suitable national algorithm with regards to available equipment may reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and its life-threatening consequences

[Investigating the effect of massage therapy on labor in the active stage of first labor]

Introduction: Parturition is one of the most painful experiences of women and the reduction it's are important goals of nursing care, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of massage on pain levels in women at parturition were nulliparous

Method: The subjects of this research were 30 women, selected voluntarily and they have been put in two experimental and control group. The experimental group of active dilatation 4-3 cm to dilatation 10-8 cm under received massage therapy as a 10-minute massage and 10 minutes were resting, while the control group were not under any a kind of intervention. Perscent Behavioral Intensity [PBI] Scale and Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] scale was used to measure pain. The data were statistically by ANOVA using SPSS-18

Results: Results showed that pain scores in experimental group in dilatations of 4-3 cm, 5-7 and 8-10 cm are significantly reduced compared with control group

Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed that massage therapy reduces pain Labor compared with the control group. Massage may reduce pain through modulation of pain transmission pathway

[ correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and job involvement of staff at educational and private hospital]

Introduction: In recent studies related to organization, the concept of organizational citizenship behavior has attracted the attention of many researchers and managers. Job Involvement is also an important variable that helps to increase the effectiveness of organization. This study aimed to determine correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and job involvement of staff at two educational and private hospitals

Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational study that has taken place among 300 staffs that were selected randomly, in two public and private hospitals in Tehran. The Data gathering instrument was a valid and reliable questionnaire that was consists of three parts: demographic information, [Organizational Citizenship Behavior] questionnaire, in five dimensions: conscience, altruism, virtue-orienting, magnanimity and courtesy and [Job Involvement] questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS/18

Findings: Pearson test showed significant correlation [P<0.000] between citizenship behavior and job involvement of employees of two hospitals. Also in private hospital, there was a significant correlation between all dimensions of citizenship behavior and job involvement, except the item of courtesy. In public hospital, only between job involvement and altruism were not found significant correlations

Conclusion: According to the results and importance of citizenship behavior in increasing Job involvement of hospitals staff, the most critical institution, it is suggested that managers try to improve organizations citizenship behavior by setting appropriate policies and strategies in their organization staff

Effects of Nigella sativa L. seed oil in type II diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo - controlled clinical trial

Nigella sativa [N. sativa] seeds are used to treat diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. Moreover, N. sativa oil has reduced the fasting blood glucose level in non-diabetic volunteers. The present study was undertaken to explore the possible anti-hyperglycemic effect of N. sativa oil in type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 70 type 2 diabetic patients referring to Baqiyatallah Hospital. The subjects were enrolled into two groups of 35 each. One group received 2.5 ml N. sativa oil and the other group received similarly 2.5 ml mineral oil two times a day for three months. The fasting and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], lipid profile, BMI [body mass index], liver and renal function test were determined at the baseline and after three months. The blood levels of fasting and 2 hours postprandial glucose and HbA1c were significantly decreased in the N. sativa group compared with the placebo group at the end of the study. The BMI of the N. sativa group was decreased significantly from baseline. No side effects were reported. N. sativa oil improves glycernic control in type 2 diabetic patients without any side effects

Contraceptive use by Iranian women with hypertension, diabetes or obesity

Women with chronic medical conditions require careful contraceptive management. The aim of this cross-sectional study in Tehran was to determine the pattern of contraception use by women with diabetes, hypertension or obesity. A sample of 264 women aged 18-53 years old was recruited; 81 [30.7%] had diabetes type 2, 100 [37.9%] were obese/overweight [BMI > 25 kg/m 2] and 83 [31.5%] had hypertension. Across all 3 groups, the rate of use of contraceptive methods was significantly different before and after diagnosis. Before diagnosis of disease the most common method was hormonal contraception in all women [55.0%, 71.6% and 78.3% of diabetic, overweight and hypertensive women respectively], whereas after diagnosis coital withdrawal was the most common method in diabetic and obese/overweight women [.2% and 28.0% respectively] and almost the most common method for hypertensive women [35.4%]. Use of safe and modern methods of contraception in women with certain chronic medical conditions was low and needs more attention

Evaluation of educational requirements among Iranian cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

Introduction: Cancer is the 3rd cause of death after heart disease and injuries in Iran. Radiotherapy is one of the most effective procedures in cancer therapy, but in spite of widespread usage, its nature and side effects are still unknown for many patients. The main goal of this survey was studying various educational needs among cancer patients with specific emphasis on radiation therapy and its side effects

Patients and methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical research based on the information extracted from personal interviews and files in order to determinate patients' educational needs and their relationship with different variables such as demographic characteristics and the kind of disease among those referred to radiation therapy department in Mashhad Omid Hospital during a 6 months period

Results: Our findings show that age and marital status have a statistically significant association with educational needs [P<0.01]. Also patients in early stage of their disease had higher educational requirements. Most of the patients had limited or moderate information about their disease and treatment effects [88%]. In addition 46% of patients mentioned the physician as their preferred source of information

Conclusion: Findings indicate lack of training about radiotherapy and its side effects among our cancer patients, and emphasizes the need for a structured program to alleviate this problem. It seems that the role of physicians in this field is more significant than other health care staff

[ relation of binocular symptoms with stereopsis]

To determine stereopsis with local [Titmus] and global [TNO] tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects according to induced disparity [crossed or uncrossed]. In this cross sectional study, 80 students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly selected. At first, refractive error was determined by retinoscopy and then based on the presence of binocular vision symptoms subjects were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic. The ocular deviation was determined with use of the alternate prism cover test and stereopsis was determined with TNO and Titmus tests. Data was analyzed in software SPSS.15 using Mann-Withney U, Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Fisher's exact tests. Mean stereopsis with the TNO test in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with crossed disparity was 133.12 +/- 70.11 and 76.78 +/- 82.57 sec/arc and that with uncrossed disparity was 135.0 +/- 67.5 and 83.2 +/- 49.7 sec/arc, respectively. Using the Titmus test with crossed disparity the value was 44.3 +/- 7.27 and 40.7 +/- 3.4 sec/arc and with uncrossed disparity stereopsis was 50.0 +/- 12.1 and 40.0 +/- 0.0 sec/arc in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, respectively. The Mann-Withney U test showed significant difference between stereopsis [with crossed and uncrossed disparity] with symptoms [P<0.05]. Stereopsis is a useful factor in differential diagnosis of individuals with symptomatic and asymptomatic binocular vision that for these purpose the local and global tests can be used, the importance of the global tests is more than local tests. There is no difference between crossed and uncrossed disparity stereopsis in all subjects

[Prevalence of degenerative disc disorders in patients with lumbar stenosis[2003 - 2004]]

Determining the prevalence of degenerative changes by MRI in patients with low back pain [LBP] and lumbar canal stenosis is valuable for better understanding of important LSS issue. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of disc degeneration changes through MRI images obtained from patients with low back pain and lumbar spinal stenosis. This was a cross sectional study in which 53 patients [selected through examining 200 MRI images from patients seeking medical care because of low back pain [LBP] and referred to our MRI imaging center] with MRI findings compatible with lumbar canal stenosis [LSS], were investigated between June 2003 to September 2004. Intervertebral disc conditions such as normal status, bulging, and herniation were evaluated in patient's MRI images. Findings: In 53 patients with lumbar canal stenosis, 34% were women and 66% men [P<0.005]. Degenerative disc disorders [especially herniation] were found in 51% of our patients and 49% shown to have isolated bony canal stenosis occasionally with bulging discs. The isolated or combined anteroposterior [AP] diameter narrowing between patients with LBP was 94.35% in the current study compared to the previous estimation in our imaging center [80%] found in 1998. There was 5.65% isolated LR narrowing and 7.5% AP and LR narrowing in our study. Based on our results, 51% of patients had degenerative disc disorder in the form of disc herniation associated with spinal canal stenosis; 24.5% with no disc pathology, and 24.5% with bulging discs. Disc degeneration was more prevalent in stenotic group compared to non-stenotic group [51% versus 34%; p>0.03]

[ case of subglotitic adenoid cystic carcinoma and medical literature review]

Adenoid cystic carcinoma [ACC] is the second most common salivary glands tumor and the most common malignant tumor of minor salivary glands and also submandibular glands; however ACC of the larynx and trachea is rare. These tumors generally present in subglottic region as smooth submucosal solid mass without ulceration. Their primary symptoms are often as respiratory problems. This study was done on a woman, 54 years, with subglottic ACC that presented with exertional dyspnea, stridor, cough and hoarseness. After confirmation of diagnosis with biopsy, the patient underwent a total laryngectomy and then postoperative radiotherapy. During one year follow up, the patient did not show any evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Surgery with free margins in combination with postoperative radiotherapy was recommended to treat laryngeal ACC in order to obtain better survival

Comparison of the effects of two immediate dentin sealing procedures on shear bond strength of resin cements to dentin

Cementation of indirect restorations with resin cements, does not always provide better bonding performance to dentin when compared with direct dentin bonding systems. Immediate dentin sealing was introduced to overcome this problem with some successful reports. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of immediate dentin sealing on shear bond strength of resin to dentin. In this study, 66 human third molars were randomly divided in three equal groups: 1- Bonding composite blocks with dual cured RelyX ARC cement to dentin without pretreatment. 2- Bonding composite blocks with dual cured Rely XARC cement to immediately sealed dentin with single bond and 3- Bonding composite blocks with dual cured Rely X ARC cement to immediately sealed dentin with single bond and a flowable composite. Shear bond strengths were measured with a universal testing machine. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. Means and standard deviations of tensile bond strengths were as follows: groupl:8.55 +/- 3.18, group 2: 6.67 +/- 2.21 and group 3: 14.07 +/- 5.02. The differences in shear bond strength between groups were different significantly only when group 3 was compared with groups 1 and 2 [P= 0.000]. Immediate dentin sealing with dentin bonding had no effect on bond strength. Use of flowable composite in combination with single bond improved bond strength

Educational programs' quality assessment based on graduates' comments

The specific goal of this study was quality assessment the educational programs of basic and clinical sciences of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] according to the graduates' viewpoints. We obtained the list of all 1200 graduates of TUMS in 2007. Using a random generation table, 350 subjects were selected from the seven faculties of TUMS in proportion to the number of graduates from each faculty. The data collection device was a 15 item researcher-made questionnaire according to the existing problems in the educational system of the university. All the items of the questionnaire were constructed and standardized in terms of validity and reliability based on the latest reliable sources and textbooks on educational assessment [Likert indices]. Cronbach alpha was estimated to be 0.85. The most satisfaction from educational programs in basic sciences and clinical sciences was related to practical skills [4.36 +/- 1.22] versus satisfaction with education [4.76 +/- 1.66]. The quantity indices in basic sciences were 68.44% [3.42] which is in a fairly optimal range; for clinical sciences it was 77.2% [3.86], being also in an optimum range. TUMS must make an attempt to reach the optimal point in every educational aspect

Removal of chromium [VI] from aqueous solutions using lewatit FO36 nano ion exchange resin

The removal of the chromium [VI] ion from aqueous solutions with the Lewatit FO36 ion-exchange resin is described at different conditions. The effects of adsorbent dose, initial metal concentration, contact time and pH on the removal of chromium [VI] were investigated. The batch ion exchange process was relatively fast and it reached equilibrium after about 90 min of contact. The ion exchange process, which is pH dependent showed maximum removal of chromium [VI] in the pH range 5.0-8.0 for an initial chromium [VI] concentration of 0.5 mg/dm[3]. The equilibrium related to Lewatit FO36 ion- exchange capacity and the amounts of the ion exchange were obtained using the plots of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was observed that the maximum ion exchange capacity of 0.29 mmol of chromium [VI]/g for Lewatit FO36 was achieved at optimum pH value of 6.0. The ion exchange of chromium [VI] on this cation-exchange resin followed first-order reversible kinetics

[ survey of oral-dental health of grade 3 students of Gonabad primary schools in 2007]

Health fulfillment is based on all effective factors that fulfill it. One of the 11 slogans of 21st century is oral-dental health and it was one of the PHC items before. DMFT is a very simple, fast and reliable index in determining oral-dental health. Grade 3 students of primary school are between deciduous and permanent form dental growth point of view that mixed teeth are observed in this period that make DMFT possible. This study was done to determine oral-dental health status of students with the help of DMFT index in Gonabad city. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, all grade 3 students of primary schools [529 students] were checked for oral-dental health statues and interviewed by a dentist. The used instruments were a checklist, DMFT index, questionnaire, once used mirror a special catather. Data were analyzed by SPSS with T-test, correlative coefficient and variation analyses were analyzed. 51.2% of the samples were male and 49.8% female. 77.3% used tooth-brush and 8.32% used from dental floss. DMFT of students in research was 3.86 +/- 1.11 and DMFT was 1.04 +/- 0.22 that showed no meaningful difference in two semis [p=0.18, p=0.12]. The students that had no caries free tooth were 8.3%. One sided variation analysis showed a meaningful relationship between brushing frequencies with the index. Family size and education had a meaningful relationship with DMFT. The results showed that oral-dental health statues of grade 3 students of Gonabad primary school follow the country model and it is fairly well and CF has no meaningful difference with national index but it is average in accordance with WHO goal. Programmed efforts for KAP improvement and using need resources, administration evaluation, costs efficacy of some measures such as fluoride therapy, etc seems necessary

Evaluating the effectiveness of a hybrid sorbent resin in removing fluoride from water

In some regions of the world, the concentration of fluoride in groundwater is high. To reduce the amount of fluoride to acceptable drinking water standard, it is highly recommended to treat the water. Fluoride adsorption in aqueous solution by a hybrid resin was studied in this research because of its functional groups likeness with goethite. Kinetic data showed that F adsorption was rapid in the beginning and maximum uptake occurred in within 10 min and equilibrium reached within 100 min. The experimental results showed that fluoride adsorption was influenced by pH of solution and optimum operating pH was in the range of 3 to 5.5. Langmuir model was applicable to the present study and F ions were exchanged with hydroxide ions in nano-scaled structure on the surface of sorbent. This adsorbent with 61% efficiency is suitable for the regions where F concentration is less than 4 mg/L

effect of inorganic cations Ca[2+] and Al[3+] on the release rate of propranolol hydrochloride from sodium carboxymethylcellulose matrices

Several methods are available for control release of propranolol hydrochloride [PLH]. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel technique to sustain PLH release from matrices. Matrices of PLH containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose [Na CMC] and various amounts of the inorganic cations Ca[2+] and A1[3+] were prepared. Dissolution of the matrices was carried out using the USP apparatus I. Analysis of release data was performed by some model independent and dependent approaches. The release of PLH was affected by incorporation of different amounts [milliequivalents, meq] of Ca[2+] 2+ and Al[3+]. When the Ca[2+] amount increased from 0- 0.375 meq, the fraction of PLH which released within 480 min was augmented from 0.74 to 1 apparently via disintegrating effect of the cation. Al[3+] in the range 0- 0.125 meq, decreased the fractional release from 0.74 to 0.37 presumably by in situ cross- linking with polymer. Al[3+] between 0.125 and 0.5 meq enhanced the release from 0.37 to 1 possibly due to the disintegrating effect. Among model independent metrics, the mean release time [MRT] failed to represent the effect of the cations on the release but the release efficiency [RE] as well as a suggested mean release rate [MRR] correlated well with the experimental release rate. Due to the complexity of the release, the only suitable kinetic model was the Weibull distribution. The minimum and maximum Weibull release rate constants for matrices containing Al[3+] were 0.0007-0.017 1/min. The corresponding values for the matrices with Ca[2+] were 0.0029-0.0082 1/min. Through careful choice of the amount of Al[3+] in NaCMC matrices the release of PLH can be controlled at a desired rate. The best model independent approach is MRR and the most accurate model dependent method is Weibull distribution to describe the release data

[Comparison of Harris Benedict and Mifflin-St Jeor equations and indirect calorimetry for assessing resting energy expenditure]

An understanding of resting energy expenditure [REE] in hospitalized patients is essential for determining their daily energy needs, which can be measured or estimated by equations. Estimation is by far the more common method. This cross-sectional study investigated the degree of agreement between the resting energy expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry and that predicted by the Harris Benedict and Mifflin-St Jeor equations. In 60 randomly selected patients, aged 18 and 83 years; REE was measured by fitmate indirect calorimetry [Cosmed Company, Rome, Italy] and compared with values predicted using Harris Benedict and Mifflin-St Jeor equations. Statistical analysis was done using the method of Bland-Altman, one-sample t-test and Pearson's correlation. There were no significant differences between mean REEs measured by indirect calorimetry [1311.66 +/- 373.98 kcal/day] and mean REE values predicted by Mifflin-St Jeor [1303.11 +/- 230.94 kcal/day] or Harris Benedict [1339.36 +/- 223.48 kcal/day] equations. However, at an individual level the limits of agreements between the measured values and those predicted by both equations were quite wide [Mifflin-St Jeor: 792.83 to 775.73 kilocalorie/day, Harris Benedict: 714.58 to 769.98 kilocalorie/day]. At a group level, Harris-Benedict and Mifflin-St Jeor equations are suitable for predicting REE of hospitalized patients. However, the results suggest that for an individual the limits of agreement are very wide in both equations and clinically important differences in REE would be obtained